Industrial Studies of Contaminants Removal by Oil Refining
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1 Industrial Studies of Contaminants Removal by il Refining Xavier Pages ITERG, French Institute for Fats and ils, Pessac, FRANCE 16 th ACS Congress, rlando 215 May 3-6 1
2 Content - ITERG s presentation - rigins of undesirable compounds - Industrial studies concerning the influence of the refining process on contaminants residues removal - Conclusion 2
3 ITERG s PRESENTATIN ITERG is the French Technical Research Centre for producers & transformers of fats and oils (located at Pessac near Bordeaux) turn over 215 : 6 M staff : 8 employees IS 91 / IS 1725 and other quality labels
4 ITERG s TECHNLGY UNIT Main facilities : pilot scale equipments Reactors of (1, 2 & 3 L) for degumming and neutralization bleacher + filter press deodorizers (2L, 18L, 5 L) batch hydrogenation, inter and esterification,... Lipochemistry reactors 5
5 ITERG s TECHNLGY UNIT Main facilities : semi industrial refining unit Physical and Chemical Refining ( 35 kg - 1 tonne) 6
6 DEDRIZATIN UNIT 1Ton capacity Use for: processing different fats and oils, research and development and training 7
7 New unit (CEDP 9M ) Use for research and development in the field of green chemistry 8
8 - rigins of undesirable compounds - Influence of the refining process on contaminants residues removal (HAP, phtalates and pesticides) - Conclusion 9
9 rigins of undesirable compounds Environmental contamination metals, dioxins & PCBs, PAHs, mineral oil Crop protection pesticide residues, mineral oil Transport & storage phthalates, mineral oil Production process PAHs, mineral oil, phthalates, 3-MCPD esters & glycidol esters 1
10 - Influence of the refining process on pesticides residues removal : iterg s studies - Conclusion 11
11 Tested Pesticides Pesticides tested rganophosphorus compounds Dichlorvos, Fenitrothion, Malathion, Pirimiphos -methyl,, Pyrethroids family : Deltamethrin and Cypermethrin ils spiked at 2 levels :.2 ppm and 2/5 ppm (obtained by addition of pesticides in crude oils) 12
12 Tested pesticides : rganophosphorus compounds Cl H Cl P Dichlorvos Malathion 2 N H 3 C CH 3 P S H 3 C N N N S P Fenitrothion Pyrimiphos-methyl 13
13 Tested pesticides : Pyrethroid compounds Br CN Br H 3 C Deltamethrin Cypermethrin 14
14 Main characteristics of studied pesticides Pesticides octanol/water partition factor (log P) water solubility (mg/l) molecular weight (g/mol) Vapour pressure (mpa) Dichlorvos 1, Fenitrothion 3, Malathion 2, ,3 Pirimiphos methyl 4, Cypermethrin 6,3, mm Deltamethrin 4,6,2 55,12 ther important charateristics: Thermal stability and chemical stability 15
15 Chemical refining : perating conditions on 1ton capacity unit Acid conditioning :,1% phosphoric acid, 8 C, 45 mn Neutralization : caustic soda 3N, 7 C, 3 mn, Centrifugation, Washings and drying Bleaching :.5-1% of Tonsil optimum 21 FF, 9 C, 4 mbar, 4 mn, Filtration Deodorization : C,.5-1 %/h of steam, 3-4 mbar 1-4H ( depending of trial) 16
16 Physical refining perating conditions Acid conditionning :,1% phosphoric acid, 8 C, 45 mn Bleaching:.5-1 % Tonsil optimum 21 FF, 9 C, 4 mbar, 45 mn Filtration Deacidification : 24/26 C,.5-1 %/h of steam, 3 mbar 2h3-4H 17
17 Dichlorvos content (µg/kg) Content of DICHLRVS content during chemical refining (1 ton) ,5 32,9 313, ,6 neutralized Bleached Deodorized Crude Doped Demucilagined Conditionned Neutralized Washed Deodorized Neutralized Washed 2 times Bleached,8% 18 C, 2h3,,5% vap 22 C, 3h,,5% vap 18
18 Teneur en Pirimiphos-méthyl (µg/kg) Content of PIRIMIPHS-METHYL during chemical refining on pilot plant (1 ton) : level :3 PPM MRL (oleaginous seeds).5 ppm (FR et UE) H 3 C N N N S P Pirimiphos-méthyl content. Chemical refining 1 ton Bleached Brute dopée Neutra centri Neutra lavée 3 fois Décolo,7% terres C, 3h, 3 Kg/h vap 22 C, 3h, 6 Kg/h vap 19
19 Pirimiphos-methyl Why is the bleaching with activated bleaching clay so efficient to remove the pyrimiphos -methyl from the oil? - association between positive charges and nitrogen atom H 3 C N N N S P Chomatograms before and after deodorization : no formation of degradation compounds ADC1 B, ADC1 CHANNEL B (44861\PH27.D) uv 34 Pyrimiphos méthyl Fénitrothion Chlorpyriphos ADC1 B, ADC1 CHANNEL B (44861\PH33.D) uv
20 Teneur en pesticide (µg/kg) Teneur en pesticide (µg/kg) Content of Malathion content during chemical refining (1 ton) Bleached Désodo, 1h, vapour ** Désodo, 2h3, vapour ** Désodo, 4h, Deodorization times vapour ** 24 C 22 C 2 C 18 C Deodorization temperature 4 2 Bleached Vapour * Vapour *** 24 C 22 C 2 C 18 C Tdeodorization temperature, times 2h
21 Content of FENITRTHIN during chemical refining (1 ton) Bleached Deodorized 22
22 Teneur en Deltaméthrine (µg/kg) deltamethrin content during the chemical refining (1ton) , ,3 2823,7 2577, , ,1 5 Brute dopée Neutra centri Neutra lavée 3 fois Décolo,7% terres 22 C, 3h, 3 Kg/h vap 22 C, 3h, 6 Kg/h vap Deodorized 23
23 Teneur en pesticide (µg/kg) Teneur en pesticide (µg/kg) deltamethrin content during deodorisation (chemical refining) Bleached Désodo, 1h, vapour ** 49,4 Deodorization times 52, ,9 Désodo, 2h3, vapour ** 47,5 46, ,2 8,1 35,6 Désodo, 4h, vapour ** Deodorization duration 56,3 18 C 2 C 22 C 24 C Deodorization temperature Bleached ,5 Vapour * ,6 22,4 Vapour *** 32,7 4,8 43,7 2 C 18 C Deodorization 22 Ctemperature, times 2h 24 C Deodorization temperature, time 2h 24
24 µg/kg Evolution of cypermethrin content during chemical refining Deodorization 18 C C 739 Huile brute dopée Huile conditionnée Huile neutralisée, lavée et séchée Huile décolorée 1% Tonsil 21 FF Huile désodorisée 18 C 1h Huile désodorisée 18 C 4h Huile désodorisée 25 C 1h Huile désodorisée 25 C 4h 25
25 Conclusions Research of contaminants is part of controls conducted by fat and oil industry to fulfill the EC regulation n 1881/26. Risks are rather limited due to the efficient elimination during oilrefining steps Deodorization is the main step for pesticides removal Water soluble pesticides are more easy removed by chemical refining some contaminants with high molecular weight and low vapor pressure need high temperature of deodorization (pyrethroids) For these compounds, analytical controls are advised to manage pesticides removal and in the same time low trans formation and low 3MCPD and glycidol esters formation 28
26 Special thanks to. Florence Lacoste, Marie Gaud,, Jerome Buchoux, Morgan Gouband, Bénédicte Soulet, Cannelle Segalene, Nathalie Trébout Thank you for your attention! 29
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