Biology Unit 3 Review. Objective 1. Describe the important functions of organic molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Transcription

1 Biology Unit 3 Review Name Objective 1. Describe the important functions of organic molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids 1. What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules? 2. Give an example of an inorganic molecule. 3. Give an example of an organic molecule. 4. For the following organic molecules, describe what they do in our bodies (why they are important). Don t give examples of the molecules. Tell their functions! Carbohydrates (2): Lipids (3): Proteins (6): Nucleic Acids (2): Objective 2: Describe why water is important for living organisms 5. List 5 reasons that water is important for living organisms

2 Objective 3: Explain the purpose of cellular transport. 6. What is the purpose of cellular transport? 7. What part of the cell is involved during transport? Objective 4: Define passive transport (Diffusion, Osmosis) 8. What is passive transport? 9. What are 2 examples of passive transport? Define each example. Objective 5: Describe how diffusion occurs and its importance in cell activity. 10. How are molecular collisions relevant to diffusion? 11. Describe how diffusion happens. 12. How is diffusion important to a cell? Objective 6: Describe how osmosis occurs and its importance in cell activity 13. How is osmosis different than diffusion? 14. How is osmosis important to a cell?

3 Objective 7: Given an example, be able to predict the direction of movement of materials through a membrane. 15. Use the picture below to answer a-f. 93% water 99% water 96% water 98% water 90% water 3% solutes 2% solutes 10% solutes 97% water A B C a. In which drawing(s) will the cell swell in size? b. In which drawing(s) will the cell shrink in size? c. In which drawing is the concentration gradient the greatest? d. When will net movement cease to occur? Which drawing will reach that point first? e. In which drawing will the initial movement of molecules be the fastest? Why? f. What is this process called? g. What are 2 ways to speed up this process? Objective 8: Define and describe forms of active transport and their importance in cell activity. ( Endocytosis, Exocytosis) 16. What is the purpose of active transport? Why is this necessary? 17. What are 2 types of active transport? Explain the difference between them.

4 18. What structure within the cell membrane assists during active transport? Objective 9: Compare and contrast active and passive transport. (Examples, Energy required, Concentration gradient) 19. Compare passive and active transport. How are they similar? 20. Contrast passive and active transport. Explain at least 4 differences. 21. Liver cells are packed with glucose molecules. What mechanism would be used to transport more glucose into a liver cell? Why would only this mode of transport work? Objective 10: Describe the structure of the cell membrane and explain its importance in the transport of materials into and out of the cell. (Phospholipid bilayer, Carrier molecules, Cell Membrane) 22. What is the other name for a cell membrane? 23. What is the significance of the cell membrane with respect to transport? 24. What is the function of the proteins in the cell membrane? 25. What does semi-permeable mean? Why is this an important characteristic of the cell membrane? Objective 11: Describe how cellular activity enables an organism to maintain homeostasis. 26. What is the definition of homeostasis? 27. Why is it important that cells maintain homeostasis?

5 28. Explain how the body maintains homeostasis during exercise. Include physiological changes in the body and reasons for these changes in your explanation. Objective 12: Explain the structure and function or purpose of an enzyme. 29. What type of organic molecule is an enzyme? 30. What is the main function of an enzyme? 31. Which of the following is likely the name of an enzyme? Hemoglobin Amylase Lymphocyte Leukoblast Why? 32. What is a substrate? 33. What is an active site? 34. What is catalase? 35. Explain what enzyme specificity means. 36. Could catalase break down hydrogen peroxide and lipids? Why or why not? Objective 13: Describe the effects of ph and temperature on enzyme activity. 37. What does it mean to become denatured? 38. List several ways that an enzyme can become denatured.

6 39. How do cold temperatures affect enzyme activity? 40. What ph do you think most of your cells would be? Why? 41. Where in your body do you think the ph would differ from #40? Why? 42. Look at the graph below. What temperature does catalase work best at? Objective 14: Review components of experimental design (see unit 1 objectives for criteria). Hypothesis Procedure Data Table Graph Conclusion 43. Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose, a sugar present in milk, into glucose and galactose. You know that people who cannot digest lactose can use a product that contains lactase to break down the milk sugar. You are curious about the effectiveness of these milk-treatment products. You decide to design an experiment to see the effectiveness of different amounts of the lactase product in breaking down the lactose. You do so by measuring the amount of lactose present after 5 minutes after a certain amount of lactase product was added. PROCEDURE SUMMARY: We put 100 ml of milk in 5 beakers. In beaker 1, we put 0 drops of lactase; beaker 2, 10 drops; beaker 3, 20 drops; beaker 4, 30 drops, beaker 5, 40 drops (about 1 teaspoon the recommended dosage). We then waited 5 minutes and measured the amount of glucose present in each beaker. RESULTS : The average amount of glucose present in 50 ml of milk after using different amounts of lactase product.

7 Amount of Lactase Product (drops) Average Amount of Glucose Present in the Milk after 5 minutes (ml). 0 0 ml 10 2 ml 20 5 ml ml ml 1. What is the enzyme in this experiment? What is the substrate? 2. What is the independent variable in this experiment? 3. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? 4. How are you measuring the dependent variable? 5. What are the controls? 6. Using data from the table on the previous page, to design a graph below. Be sure to include appropriate Titles, Labels, and Units!!!!

8