CLANA, Cancun nov. 2008

Transcription

1 Review of peneid breeders nutrition CLANA, Cancun nov. 2008

2 outlines control of φ reproduction energy spent for spawning nb spawnings during intermolt size of animals & intermolt stages TºC TC & control of spawning light intensity & spawn control stocking density of φ per tank eyestalk ovogenesis & lipoproteins fro hemolymph artificial insemination spermatophores sptz balls fro spermatophores sperme activation swollen sperm balls

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4 at REST external stimulus receptors neurohormones VIH inhibition inhibition of of activity of vitellogenin follicular cells synthesis ovaries ovogenesis during resting stage tissue

5 45 40 Growth curve (monogal diet) Wei ight (g) Female 5 Male 0 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct

6 in reproduction external stimuli receptors neurohormones + low level ecdysterone folliculogenesis ll vitellogenesis 2 re vitellogenin VSOH vitellogenin hemolymph vitellogenin synthesis tissue ovogenesis control during RPDN (Payen 1980)

7 Extraction of sptz & depot on thelycum

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9 Broodstock feeding P.styli. y SPR. earthen ponds initial final feeds daily amount of stage weight feed % biomass PL's 20 g PGN (COP diet) 1.5-2/sq.m. 6 d/w. 10 % 20 g >50 g 1 squid 0.6/sq.m 2 PGN 5% 3 sp. maturation diet

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11 implementations 1. management of future broodstock (Aquacop. 1977) 2. thermo - photoperiod control (Laubier. 1976) 3. one side eyestalk ablation 4. hormone - like factor from dietary origin(mendoza. 1993)

12 Eyestalk ablation

13 Effect of eyestalk ablation (Gandy et al.,2007) ablation no yes yes life span 85d 45d 53d pop. spawn% egg x diet Squid+BW Squid+BW Squid+Artemia

14 Nutrition & reproduction

15 P. setiferus : nb spawn per (Cabrera, 1997) 15 nb of fe emales st spawn 1st remat. 2nd remat. 1st trial 2nd trial

16 lipid composition (% TL) for food s breeders Lipid class %TL TL Pls ster TG acyl cabillaud merlan mackerel mussel gonad bivalve polychaetes crab muscle

17 Biochemical content of ova from wild peneid species (Lawrence( et al., 1979) Protein (1) CHO (1) Lipid (1) wild P.stylirostris 37.3(+/-1) 3.0(+/-0 0.1) 16.1(+/-1 1.8) (1) %dryweight weight.

18 weight of P.indicus & reproduction fed experimental diets fresh frozen mussel mussel weight(g) males 17.5 a 14.6 b weight iht()f (g) females nb spawnper per a b female/month nb eggs per spawnings a a

19 Lipids class & other key compounds Neutral lipid cholesterol Polar lipids phospholipids carotenoids ecdysteroids vitamin E

20 Phospholipids and vitamin E requirements Aquacop results Villette Cahu et al., results Fakhfakh study

21 Diets composition PHO PHOS(E) NEUT(E) TL% NL PLs EPA %NL %PLs DHA %NL %PLs vit E ppm

22 Phospholipids p req. in P.indicus (Villette,1990) PHO PHOS(vit.E) NEUT(vit.E) % f. spawning Max # spawning per female Spawns/f./month /month # eggs/spawning # NA/spawning fertilized rate (%) Hatching rate(%)

23 Hatching rate in spawns of successive ranks HA ATCHING RATE % low Vit. E high Vit. E fresh mussel

24 Vit E content in eggs (Alvarez,1988) fresh mussel frozen mussel spawn rk # spawn Vit.E * # spawn Vit.E * 5% ns ns * ns ns * content in µg/g DM eggs

25 α-tocopherol p content in eggs from successive spawning ranks 900 VITA AMIN µg/g g dm low Vit. E high Vit. E fresh mussel

26 α-tocopherol p content (µg/g) g) of P. indicus tissues after 40d feeding Fresh mussel Frozen mussel Female Male Female Male Ovaries Hepato Muscle

27 Level of reserves (ppm) in P.indicus PHO PHOS(E) NEUT(E) HP 30+/ / /-4 muscle 50+/ / /-4 shrimp fed PHO diet had reserves w/ low level to maintain stable E cction in eggs after several spawnings

28 comments number of eggs per spawn depends on EPA in eggs hatching rate depends in DHA content in eggs from P.chinensis (Xu et al., 1994).

29 Similitude with fish (RT) Cowey, 1995 Watanabe req t in vit E is affected by amount of PUFA s in the diet % PUFA s in vit E mg/kg diet

30 Vitamin C dietary levels and reproductive performances (Cahu et al.,1991)

31 av.weight & reproduction of Pi P.indicus fed exp tal diets high vit.c low vit.c 2500 ppm 1000 ppm weight(g) iht() males 20.8a 19.2a weight(g) females nb spawnperper 4.6a 4.7a female/month nb eggs per spawnings 87500a 79000a

32 fresh vs. frozen mussel fed on P.indicus (Alvares, 1988) fresh mussel frozen mussel number of eggs number of NA ascorbic acid concentration in eggs expressed in µg/g dry matter (30 days experiment and 16 females per treatment)

33 Ascorbic acid concentration (µg/g g DM) in diets & eggs MU HC LC Diet 455±50.3 b 821±82.2 a 210±32.8 c Eggs 484±52.7 a 523±83.8 a 197±20.5 b

34 comments

35 Proteins and amino acids diets dry diets fresh/frozen feeds native proteins supplementation in EAA

36 The high levels of protein in natural diets support the view that the metabolism of peneids is dependent on such levels (Dall & Smith, 1987).

37 Carotenoid pigments ex. P.monodon in Thailand (2008) 8% fish oil plus other oils to get 12%TL Astaxanthin Spawning Quality of Nauplii Pigmentation of NA Final recommendations

38 The researchers concluded that dietary supplementation of formulated diets with 8% fish oil (12% TL) and at least 280 mg kg -1 astaxanthin will improve P. monodon maturation ti & spawning success (p>0.05). 05)

39 Energy for breeders NEm + ME activity + ME eggs 68 Kcal /shrimp/day at t24 weeks age TtlME Total = = 69 Kcal /shrimp/day /d period weeks

40 Physiology of the reproduction P.merguiensis Palaemon serratus P.vannamei P.japonicus GSI vitellogenesis vitellin

41 Hormon-like factor isolated fro squid( Mendoza,1993) study on unablated females (P.vanna & P.styli.) identification of a squid factor for ovary devpt, after a squid factor for somatic growth. enhancement of vitellogenin cction in blood & ovary development. excellent model between intact females supplemented with squid extracts & eyestalk ablated females used as a control. squid factor being incorporated in a formulated dry diet (Varep).

42 Larvae nutrition (Cahu, 2003) Influence of breeders feeding & nutrition total lipids phopholipids polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids vitamins (α-tocopherol; ascorbic acid) carotenoids pigments

43 Hatching rate % Zoea I size μ Lipids incidence (Bray et al., 1990)

44 Role of phospholipids h id Phosphatidyl choline (PC) SPC=soy PC origin MPC=marine PC origin Phosphatidylinositol (PI) Survival Stress resistance

45 Survival % Susceptibility to stress PCO SPC MPC Coutteau et al., 2000) PCO SPC MPC

46 Recent developments bacterial floc

47 feeding broodstock P.styli. SPR Inside tanks initial final feed daily amount of stage weight feed % biomass PL's 20 g 30/sq.m. 20 g >50 g Nippai 5 % 14/sq.m. + squid

48 Ecosystem: µalgae + bacteria

49 Effect of floc & TºC on breeders origin number of spwans/female/month "breeders used "breeders used in hot season" earthen ponds "floc" 2.4 ref. batch "floc" in cold season" from cold season

50 CONCLUSIONS

51 1. a high quality formulated diet % protein - D/CHO -8-12% fat -n-3/n-6 ratio : 5-8 -PLs(3%). vit. E (300ppm), vit. C (500ppm), carotenoids (100ppm as astaxanthin) ecdysteroids (20-OH ecdysone 25mg/g).

52 broodstock performances with such a quality diet should be good enough to keep unilaterally eyestalk ablated females for spawning and producing viable eggs for at least 3 weeks.