2) P. J. Borchert, J. L. Neff, Soap Cosmetics Chem., Specialties, 41, 31 (1973). 3) N. Chernoff, Progress Report of National Institute of

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2) P. J. Borchert, J. L. Neff, Soap Cosmetics Chem., Specialties, 41, 31 (1973). 3) N. Chernoff, Progress Report of National Institute of Enviromental Health Sciences., USA, Dec. 1 (1970). 4) W. J. Dunlap, R.

1 2) P. J. Borchert, J. L. Neff, Soap Cosmetics Chem., Specialties, 41, 31 (1973). 3) N. Chernoff, Progress Report of National Institute of Enviromental Health Sciences., USA, Dec. 1 (1970). 4) W. J. Dunlap, R. L. Cosby, J. F. McNabb, B. E. Bledsol, M. R. Scalf, "Investigations Concerning Probable Impact on Nitrilotriacetic Acid on Ground Water", Environmental Protection Agency, National Ground Water Research Program, Oklahoma, Nov. (1971). 5) F. Tokiwa, T. Imamura, J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 47, 422 (1970). 6) E. A. Matzner, M. M. Crutchfield, R. P. Langguth, R. D. Swisher, Tenside, 5, 119, 239 (1973).

2 Table 1 The materials as the detergent builder Tripolyphosphate Nitrirotriacetate Ethylenediamineteraacetate Ethanetetracarboxylate Butane-1, 2, 3, 4-tetarcraboxylate Diglycolate Thiodiglycolate Itaconate Sulfoitaconate Succinate Maleate Malate Citrate Cyclopentane-1, Gluconate Trimesate 2, 3, 4-tetracarboxylate Pyromellitate Polyacrylate Hydrolyzed maleic anhydride-isobutylene copolymer Hydrolyzed maleic anhydride-isobutylene copolymer Hydrolyzed maleic anhydride-stylene copolymer Hydrolyzed maleic anhydride-ethylene copolymer Hydrolyzed maleic anhydride-methyl vinylether copolymer Hydrolyzed maleic anhydride-vinyl acetate copolymer Carboxymethyl cellulose The hydrogenation product of ethylene-tetracarboxylic acidd) Reagente) Reagente) Reagente) The reaction product between itaconic acid and sodium bisulfite Polyethylene glycol Polyvinyl pyrrolidone Polyvinyl alcohol a) The sample number is assigned to all figures and tables in this paper. b All builders except (26), (27) and (28) are sodium salts. e) The reagent is the product of Wako Pure Chemical Ind., Ltd. d) A. H. Blatt, "Organic Syntheses", Coll. Vol. II, p. 273 (1957) e) The reagent is the product of Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. Allon A-20 (LL) (Toa Gosei Kagaku Co.) The reaction product between maleic anhydride and isobutylene (Mw 5X 104) The reaction product between maleic anhydride and isobutylene (Mw 8. 4x 104) Stymer-S, (Monsant Chemical Co.) EMA-54, (Monsant Chemical Co.) Gantretz AN-169, (General Aniline & Film Co.) Demol-P, (Kao Soap Co. Ltd.,) Reagent (PEG 6000) ") Reagent (PVP K-90) ") Gosenol GL-03 (Nihon Gosei Kagaku Co.) 9) F. Tokiwa, T. Imamura, J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 47, 117 (1970).

Table 2 Properties of builder or detergent solutions at 30 C (X1 Solubilization capacity of a detergent, X2 : The critical micelle concentration of a detergent, x3 : ph of 0.

3 Table 2 Properties of builder or detergent solutions at 30 C (X1 Solubilization capacity of a detergent, X2 : The critical micelle concentration of a detergent, x3 : ph of 0.50% builder solution, K8: ph of 0.106/9 detergent solution, x4 : Dispersion capacity of a builder, X4 : Dispersion capacity of a detergent) andthe detergency (D) at 25 C towards the artificially soiled cloth at a concentration of detergent' ) in 3.5 DH of hard water Na2SO4 Succinate Maleate Citrate Polyacrylate Tripolyphosphate Nitrilotriacetate 23 Hydrolyzed methyl vinyl maleicanhydride- ether copolymer 24 Hydrolyzed vinyl acetate maleic copolymer anhydride- a) Detergent formulation ; sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (n-c11.7)/builderisodium silicate (Na20/Si02= 1/2.3 weight ratio)/lia2co3/na2sodwater=200/20,0/50/30/420/100 (when Na2SO4 was used as a builder, Na2SO4/other components =62$/38o). b) The sample number is referred to Table H. Arai, S. Horin, J. Colloid Interfac. Sci., 30, 372 (1969). 11) M. Murata, H. Arai, ibid., 44, 475(1973). D = g (Xi, Xl, X8, X4, X5, X6) 1 ( 1 ) 14) K. Durham, "Surface Activity and Detergency", Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London (1961) p.72.

4 x6 (mg of CaCO5/g) Fig. 2 Relationship between calcium ion sequestration capacity of a detergent (X5) and that of a builder (x5) at 30 C The number attached to each circle is referred to Table 1. The detergent formulation is the same as in Table 2. O x4 (g of carbon black/g) Fig. 1 Relationship between dispersion capacity of a builder solution (x4) at 30 C in the limited range of other builder solution properties and detergency (D) at 25 C towards the artificially soiled cloth at a concentration of detergent in 3. 5 DH of hard water The number attached to each circle is referred to Table 1. The detergent formulation is the same as in Table 2. The range of calcium ion sequestration capacities (x5) and buffer indexes (x6) of builders- : Sx and 1. 0x6S1. 9 : Sx5S and 0. 01Sx6S : 34. 7Sx5S94. 3 and O. 01Sx X5 Fig. 3 Relationship between buffer index of a detergent (X6) and that of a builder (x6) at 30 C The number attached to each circle is referred to Table 1. The detergent formulation is the same as in Table 2.

6 No. of No. of Distance cluster detergent Fig. 6 Dendrogram of detergents computed from detergencies at 25 C towards the artificially soiled cloth at various laundering conditions The cluster analysis was performed on UNIVAC JAPAN, BMD 09 M/P 2 M Program. The number of the detergent of which formulation is the same as in Table 2 is agreed with that of the builder formulated, that is referred to Table 1. The laundering conditions are asfollows- ( a ) : Detergent concentration , , and 0.20% at 3. 5 DH, respectively. (b) : Water hardness 0 DIf, 10 DH and 15 DH at , respectively. Table 3 Average detergency of each cluster in Fig. 6 Detergencies (0) Fig. 7 Dendrogram of builders computed from x5 and,./x6 The cluster analysis was performed on UNIVAC JAPAN, BMD 09 M/P 2 M Program. The number of a builder is referred to Table 1.

7 Pysico-chemical properties of builders Calcium ion sequestration capacity (mg of CaCO3/g of builder) Buffer index Table 4 Average pysico-chemical value of each cluster in Fig. 7 Cluster 1 Standard Average Cluster 2 Values Standard Average verage Cluster 3, Standard A Cluster 4 Average Standard Effects of Physico-chemical Properties of a Detergent Builder on Detergencies Moriyasu MURATA and Haruhiko ARAI Household Goods Research Laboratories, Kao Soap Co., Lid.; Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131 Japan The relationships between physico-chemical properties of various organic compound solutions (Table 1) and detergencies or physico-chemical properties of the detergents (sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, 20% ; sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) or an organic compound (a builder), 20% ; sodium silicate, 5% ; sodium carbonate, 3% ; sodium sulfate, 42% ; moisture, 10%) were studied in order to seek the satisfactory replacements for STPP which is known as the most important and the useful detergent builder. The detergents were examined for solubilization capacity (X1), the critical micelle concentration (X2), ph (X3), dispersion capacity (X,), calcium ion sequestration capacity (X5), buffer index (X,) and detergencies (D) at various laundering conditions. Builders were also examined for xs, x4, xs and x6, where the notation, x for a builder is referred to the corresponding X for the detergent. It was found the X1, X1, X3 and X, were not affected by the corresponding x, respectively (Table 2). On the other hand, X5=ax5-1-b (Fig. 2) and X8=cx,-Fd (Fig. 3), where a, b, c and d are constants. Thus, the relationships, D at 0. 1% and 3. 5 DH cc x, (Fig. 4) and D at 0. 1% and 3. 5 DH cc "Ixis (Fig. 5), indicate that the physico-chemical properties required for builders as replacements for STPP are calcium ion sequestration capacity and buffer index. It was clarified by the computer cluster analysis that D at various laundering conditions also relates to x5 and and that chelating agents and polyelectrolytes are better replacements for STPP than polymeric non-electrolytes and lower molecular organic salts (Figs. 6 and 7).

Print version. Lecture #31 Coordination Chemistry: Case Studies: EDTA, detergents. (Stumm & Morgan, Chapt.6: pg ) Benjamin; Chapter

Print version. Lecture #31 Coordination Chemistry: Case Studies: EDTA, detergents. (Stumm & Morgan, Chapt.6: pg ) Benjamin; Chapter Updated: 11 April 2018 Print version Lecture #31 Coordination Chemistry: Case Studies: EDTA, detergents (Stumm & Morgan, Chapt.6: pg.317-319) Benjamin; Chapter 8.1-8.6 David Reckhow CEE 680 #31 1 EDTA