|
|
- Zoe Parrish
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 Immuno-gold staining for electron microscopy: Gold nano-particles coated with protein A are used to detect antibody-bound protein by transmission electron microscopy. (a) First antibodies are allowed to interact with their specific antigen (eg, DHFR) in a section of fixed tissue. Then the section is treated with electron-dense gold particles coated with protein A from the bacterium S. aureus (protein A is a bacterial protein that binds very tightly to the Fc domains of antibody molecules). Binding of the bound protein A to the Fc domain of the previously added antibodies (in this case, anti- DHFR antibodies) makes the location of the target protein (DHFR) visible in the electron microscope. Fig 9-21 (Lodish, 6 th ed.) (9-29, 7 th ed.) 3(c)
8
9
10 BIO 3302 JG Burr X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and the movie, Lorenzo s Oil ALD is a rare X-linked disorder characterized by the accumulation of elevated levels of certain very long chain saturated fatty acids (vlcfa) (C24:0 lignoceric acid and C26:0 hexacosanoic acid) in the membranes of several cell types, especially in the Schwann cells that create the myelin sheath around axons. The accumulation of these lipids leads to neural demyelination (immune mediated?). The most devastating type of ALD is the childhood cerebral form. About 40% of ALD cases are of this type, in which symptoms usually appear between 4 and 8 years of age. These boys become totally disabled within 6 months to 2 years after the onset of symptoms, and usually die sometime thereafter. ALD is a peroxisomal disorder, caused by a mutation in the ABCD1 gene (also known as the ALD gene.) The ABCD1 gene encodes an ABC type of pump that transports very long chain lipids (in their activated CoAester form) across the peroxisomal membrane, where they can then be oxidized by peroxisomal enzymes. The amount of vlcfa in cells is determined by the balance between biosynthesis and dietary intake, on the one hand, versus (on the other hand) oxidation in peroxisomes. Because of the defective ABCD1 transporter, vlcfas are not oxidized in peroxisomes and accumulate in cell membranes. In the early 1980s, Augusto and Michaela Odone learned that their young son Lorenzo had the cerebral form of ALD. Augusto, an Italian banker, began to research the disease, and learned that oleic acid (C18:1) inhibits the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of vlcfas. He began supplementing his son s diet with glycerol trioleate oil. He deduced later that that another fatty acid, erucic acid (C22:1), would be also be a potent inhibitor of the biosynthesis of vlcfas, so he added glycerol trieuricate to the glycerol trioleate he was giving to Lorenzo. He found that these oils significantly reduced the level of the toxic vlcfas in his son s blood. This story was made into a 1992 movie called Lorenzo s Oil. To this day, a 4:1 combination of glycerol trioleate and glycerol trieuricate is referred to by physicians as Lorenzo s oil. In controlled clinical trials, it has been confirmed that Lorenzo s oil, in combination with dietary restriction of long chain fatty acids, is effective in normalizing serum levels of the C24 and C26 vlcfas in ALD children. Unfortunately, dietary restriction of long chain fatty acids, and the administration of Lorenzo s oil, might at best only slow the onset of disease symptoms, and then only if administered very early; these treatments are unable to actually reverse the symptoms of ALD. The movie had a happy ending, but in fact the real story of Lorenzo, was not such a happy one. Lorenzo survived into adulthood, but was paralyzed and able to communicate only with eye blinks and finger movements. He died of pneumonia at age thirty in The beginnings of a real happy ending might be provided by the recent discovery that the drug 4-phenylbutyrate (4BPA) ( Buphenyl ) promotes the expression of a peroxisomal protein ( ALDRP ) functionally and structurally related to the ALD gene product. Treatment of tissue culture fibroblasts from ALD patients with 4BPA partially restores vlcfa oxidation in peroxisomes! (News & Views article by R.A. Wanders, Nature Medicine 4 (11), [November, 1998]: A happier sequel to Lorenzo s Oil? ) Buphenyl treatment, in combination with dietary restriction and Lorenzo s oil, might well be an effective treatment for ALD. At the very least, it might buy some children the time they need until effective gene therapy becomes available. Lorenzo Odone 4 (b)
11 lto, r nre,l?rr pr.lei* t.l. ir.: I I ) (U..'t [r.rc l. ngurl?igg) s carxo Hudrofisrr Cfto*of p19"9; + mp) rmporti".% (s"t\"j) Pc (r*l".lc.r!"t. \ -.** I N.,rfeark*?ttt) +<+- Jenrrctoge \re RanooJ 'LFP'= grpo" li A.'t,"nt':tr p..1.il Gt, q$ lrtqtcfrgt.rrr. 1. t-.l.r ) I \ " rr.t.r F 1O rte$,- l,6.:l t trq (j. I J.
12
LORENZO S OIL S C I E N C E M O V I E N I G H T. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 1 of 23)
LORENZO S OIL S C I E N C E M O V I E N I G H T The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 1 of 23) Presents: The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 86 Page
More informationLorenzo s Oil Viewing Guide
Lorenzo s Oil Viewing Guide Life has meaning only in the struggle. Triumph or defeat is in the hands of the Gods... So let us celebrate the struggle! Swahili Warrior Song, Lorenzo s Oil At century s end,
More informationPeroxisomal Disorders
Peroxisomal Disorders George Gray Birmingham Childrens Hospital Peroxisomal Disorders Peroxisomes are large single membrane bound organelles that are present in the cytoplasm of all cells. They are formed
More informationThe long road from lorenzo s Oil: new perspectives on diet therapy. Professor Marina Melone/Doctor Clemente Dato Second University of Naples, Italy
The long road from lorenzo s Oil: new perspectives on diet therapy Professor Marina Melone/Doctor Clemente Dato Second University of Naples, Italy The start of the road Lorenzo s Oil was autonomously developed
More informationLesson Plan The Development of Lorenzo s Oil, Strange Twists of Fate, and the Scientific Method
Lesson Plan Scientific Method Objective: This lesson provides a mental exercise in applying the scientific method and developing hypotheses in an interesting real world situation. The lesson uses the fact
More informationX-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Anna Freundlich, Gopi Nayak and Nathaniel Smilowitz
X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Anna Freundlich, Gopi Nayak and Nathaniel Smilowitz X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy is a disorder involving a defect in a peroxisomal membrane transporter involved in moving
More information20 years of research into leukodystrophies
Chronology 20 years of research into leukodystrophies 1992 1 st treatment of adrenoleukodystrophy with Lorenzo's oil in a human 1993 Identification of the gene responsible for adrenoleukodystrophy 1994
More informationHereditary disorders of peroxisomal metabolism.
Hereditary disorders of peroxisomal metabolism http://www.cytochemistry.net/cell-biology/perox.jpg Peroxisomes single membrane organelles from less than 100 to more than 1000 per eucaryotic cell more than
More informationHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Adrenoleukodystrophy
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Adrenoleukodystrophy 2011 NHLBI Pediatric Workshop Sept. 14, 2011 Paul Orchard, M.D. Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant University of Minnesota
More informationNeuroVia, NV1205 Clinical Trials
NeuroVia, NV1205 Clinical Trials Developing a safe and effective treatment for children with Childhood Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy Masoud Mokhtarani MD Chief Medical Officer ALD Life Family Weekend Meeting,
More informationALD database, diagnostic dilemmas and the need for translational metabolism
ALD database, diagnostic dilemmas and the need for translational metabolism Stephan Kemp, Ph.D. Associate Professor & AMC Principal Investigator Genetic Metabolic Diseases & Pediatrics Academic Medical
More informationLenti D for adrenoleukodystrophy in boys NIHRIO (HSRIC) ID: 7992 NICE ID: 8732
NIHR Innovation Observatory Evidence Briefing: May 2017 Lenti D for adrenoleukodystrophy in boys NIHRIO (HSRIC) ID: 7992 NICE ID: 8732 LAY SUMMARY Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), otherwise known as Lorenzo
More information(a) Triglycerides contain fatty acids. Fatty acids are classified as saturated or unsaturated. H 2n O 2
1 Triglycerides, amylose and glycogen are used to store energy in many living organisms. (a) Triglycerides contain fatty acids. Fatty acids are classified as saturated or unsaturated. The formula for a
More informationHereditary disorders of peroxisomal metabolism.
Hereditary disorders of peroxisomal metabolism http://www.cytochemistry.net/cell-biology/perox.jpg Peroxisomes single membrane organelles from less than 100 to more than 1000 per eukaryotic cell more than
More informationLong Term Follow-Up Clinical Guidelines for X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Long Term Follow-Up Clinical Guidelines for X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Gerald Raymond, M.D. Department of Pediatrics and Neurology Penn State Medical Center Hershey, PA June 20, 2018 Disclosure Information
More informationX-ALD Newborn Screening and Follow-up testing in USA
X-ALD Newborn Screening and Follow-up testing in USA Ann B Moser, the Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins Univ. ALD Life Meeting, London, May 5, 2018 14:00 Dr
More informationDisease of Myelin. Reid R. Heffner, MD Distinguished Teaching Professor Emeritus Department of Pathology and Anatomy January 9, 2019
Disease of Myelin Reid R. Heffner, MD Distinguished Teaching Professor Emeritus Department of Pathology and Anatomy January 9, 2019 1 I HAVE NO CONFLICTS OF INTEREST OR DISCLOSURES TO DECLARE. I HAVE NO
More informationI. Structure and Properties of Lipids
I. Structure and Properties of Lipids Lipids: A diverse group of compounds characterized by their low solubility in water and a high solubility in organic solvents such as chloroform and methanol. Nonpolar
More informationCopyright 2002 Elizabeth and Jeffrey Spike. All Rights Reserved.
STUDY GUIDE LORENZO S OIL Overview Lorenzo s Oil is the story of the Odones race against time for the survival of their little boy. Lorenzo at age 6 develops a classic childhood case of Adrenoleukodystrophy.
More informationn Promotes a healthy mood 1 n Supports attention and learning 2 n Supports normal memory as we age 3
n Promotes a healthy mood 1 n Supports attention and learning 2 n Supports normal memory as we age 3 n Protects nerve and brain cells from oxidative damage 4 Only with adequate intake of essential fatty
More informationReview of VLCFA Results for X-ALD in IHG. Table 1. Summary of Results
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Review of VLCFA Results for in IHG A Review of the Results of the Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Analyses for X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy at the Biochemical Genetics Laboratory of the Institute
More informationThe Role of Organic Acids in the Diagnosis of Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders
The Role of Organic Acids in the Diagnosis of Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders Catherine Dibden Northern General Hospital Sheffield Children s Hospital Peroxisomes Small sub-cellular organelles Present
More informationImportant reactions of lipids
Taif University College of Medicine Preparatory Year Students Medical chemistry (2) Part II (Lipids) week 4 lectures 1435-36 Important reactions of lipids Lectures outlines Definition and importance of
More informationNIH Public Access Author Manuscript Eur J Pediatr. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 August 1.
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: Eur J Pediatr. 2011 August ; 170(8): 1049 1054. doi:10.1007/s00431-011-1401-1. Early of Cerebral X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy in
More informationNutrition & Wellness for Life 2012 Chapter 6: Fats: A Concentrated Energy Source
Tools: Printer 8.5 x 11 paper Scissors Directions: 1. Print 2. Fold paper in half vertically 3. Cut along dashed lines Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Tissue in which the body
More informationWeek 5 Section. Junaid Malek, M.D.
Week 5 Section Junaid Malek, M.D. HIV: Anatomy Membrane (partiallystolen from host cell) 2 Glycoproteins (proteins modified by added sugar) 2 copies of RNA Capsid HIV Genome Encodes: Structural Proteins
More informationUniversity of Zurich. Therapy of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Zurich Open Repository and Archive
University of Zurich Zurich Open Repository and Archive Winterthurerstr. 0 CH-0 Zurich http://www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 00 Therapy of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy Semmler, A; Köhler, W; Jung, H H; Weller,
More informationAdrenoleukodystrophy: Case Report
Introduction Adrenoleukodystrophy: Case Report Pages with reference to book, From 110 To 112 Matloob Azam ( Paediatric Neurologist, Children Hospital, PIMS, Islamabad. ) Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an
More informationmyelin in the CNS Multiple axons are oligodendrocyte
Pathologic classification of white matter disorders d Demyelinating - loss of normal myelin autoimmune/inflammatory component Dysmyelinating - loss of chemically abnormal myelin Hypomyelinating - paucity
More informationLipids and Membranes
Lipids Lipids are hydrophobic or amphiphilic insoluble in water soluble in organic solvents soluble in lipids Lipids are used as energy storage molecules structural components of membranes protective molecules
More informationChapter 7 Cell Structure and Function. Section Objectives: Relate advances in microscope technology to discoveries about cells and cell structure.
Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Section Objectives: Relate advances in microscope technology to discoveries about cells and cell structure. Compare the operation of a microscope with that of an electron
More informationHouse Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health & Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies March 31, 2008
Written Public Testimony of Marsha Mailick Seltzer, Ph.D., Chair of the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Centers Association (IDDRCA) House Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee
More informationChapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy
Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy 7.1 Mighty Mitochondria More than forty disorders related to defective mitochondria are known (such as Friedreich s ataxia); many of those afflicted die young
More informationOpenStax-CNX module: m The Cell Membrane * OpenStax. Abstract
OpenStax-CNX module: m45433 1 The Cell Membrane * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section, you will be
More informationB108 BC Neurons and Glial Cells *
OpenStax-CNX module: m62431 1 B108 BC Neurons and Glial Cells * Melodye Gold Based on Human Biology Chapter 17.2: Neurons and Glial Cells by OpenStax Willy Cushwa This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX
More informationTitle: adrenomyelopathy
Title: adrenomyelopathy Field of study: Diseases and syndromes Also known as: Adrenoleukodystrophy, Adrenomyeloneuropathy; Addison disease; Childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy; ALD; Schilder-Addison
More informationMembranes. Chapter 5
Membranes Chapter 5 Membrane Structure The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure contends that membranes consist of: -phospholipids arranged in a bilayer -globular proteins inserted in the lipid bilayer
More informationI. Fluid Mosaic Model A. Biological membranes are lipid bilayers with associated proteins
Lecture 6: Membranes and Cell Transport Biological Membranes I. Fluid Mosaic Model A. Biological membranes are lipid bilayers with associated proteins 1. Characteristics a. Phospholipids form bilayers
More informationReview from Biology A
Chapter 4 Review from Biology A The Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells Cells come from pre-existing cells The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live Scientists whose work you
More informationMembrane Structure. Membrane Structure. Membrane Structure. Membranes
Membrane Structure Membranes Chapter 5 The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure contends that membranes consist of: -phospholipids arranged in a bilayer -globular proteins inserted in the lipid bilayer
More informationBIOSC 041. v Today s lecture. v Today s lab. v Note- Monday is a holiday good time to do some reading!
BIOSC 041 v Today s lecture Review questions Chapter 6, Cells More review questions v Today s lab Quick review of lab safety The Scientific Method start thinking about which environments you might want
More informationZool 3200: Cell Biology Exam 4 Part II 2/3/15
Name:Key Trask Zool 3200: Cell Biology Exam 4 Part II 2/3/15 Answer each of the following questions in the space provided, explaining your answers when asked to do so; circle the correct answer or answers
More informationCarboxylic acids is а compound whose characteristic functional group is the carboxyl group -COOH, example:
Carboxylic acids LECTURE 3 Carboxylic acids is а compound whose characteristic functional group is the carboxyl group -COOH, example: Lipids: classification, structure and biological role. By/Arshed Abd
More informationGene therapy of monogenic diseases
Gene therapy of monogenic diseases examples Lecture 10 10 December 2012 1 Exam Monday 4th February 2013, 13.00-15.00 room D107 2 Clinical trials The strongest evidence for therapeutic interventions is
More information1Why lipids cannot be transported in blood alone? 2How we transport Fatty acids and steroid hormones?
1Why lipids cannot be transported in blood alone? 2How we transport Fatty acids and steroid hormones? 3How are dietary lipids transported? 4How lipids synthesized in the liver are transported? 5 Lipoprotien
More informationFunction of the Nervous System
Nervous System Function of the Nervous System Receive sensory information, interpret it, and send out appropriate commands to form a response Composed of neurons (functional unit of the nervous system)
More informationA Tour of the Cell. reference: Chapter 6. Reference: Chapter 2
A Tour of the Cell reference: Chapter 6 Reference: Chapter 2 Monkey Fibroblast Cells stained with fluorescent dyes to show the nucleus (blue) and cytoskeleton (yellow and red fibers), image courtesy of
More informationBile acid abnormalities in peroxisomal disorders
Bile acid abnormalities in peroxisomal disorders Sacha Ferdinandusse Lab. Genetic Metabolic Diseases Academic Medical Center Amsterdam Peroxisomes play an important role in bile acid biosynthesis Bile
More informationThis article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author s benefit and for the benefit of the author s institution, for non-commercial
More informationClasses of Nutrients A Diet
Ch. 7 Notes Section 1: What is Nutrition? is the science or study of food and the ways the body uses food. are substances in food that provide energy or help form body tissues and are necessary for life
More informationChem 5 PAL Worksheet Lipids Smith text Chapter 15
Chem 5 PAL Worksheet Lipids Smith text Chapter 15 Principle: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long (usually > 14) carbon chains which can be saturated (no carbon-carbon double bonds) are unsaturated
More informationChapter 2: Cellular Mechanisms and Cognition
Chapter 2: Cellular Mechanisms and Cognition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Two principles about neurons were defined by Ramón y Cajal. The principle of connectional specificity states that, whereas the principle
More informationZool 3200: Cell Biology Exam 4 Part I 2/3/15
Name: Key Trask Zool 3200: Cell Biology Exam 4 Part I 2/3/15 Answer each of the following questions in the space provided, explaining your answers when asked to do so; circle the correct answer or answers
More informationAnatomy of a Neuron. Copyright 2000 by BSCS and Videodiscovery, Inc. Permission granted for classroom use. Updated Master 2.
Anatomy of a Neuron Master 2.1 Neurons Interact with Other Neurons through Synapses Master 2.2 Name Date Due Cells of the Nervous System Learning Target: Identify and state the function of the components
More informationCHAPTER 4 CELL STRUCTURE/FUNCTION. 2. The uses the visible light to illuminate cell. 3. How is the magnification of a compound microscope calculated?
CHAPTER 4 CELL STRUCTURE/FUNCTION 1. Define magnification and the term resolution. 2. The uses the visible light to illuminate cell. 3. How is the magnification of a compound microscope calculated? 4.
More informationMicroreview. A.-F. Miller, 2008, pg
Microreview Polysaccharides: a vast diversity based on stereochemistry. Stereochemical differences are associated with secondary and tertiary structural differences: nature s huge and plentiful polymers.
More informationMembranes. Chapter 5. Membrane Structure
Membranes Chapter 5 Membrane Structure Lipid Bilayer model: - double phospholipid layer - Gorter & Grendel: 1925 Fluid Mosaic model: consist of -phospholipids arranged in a bilayer -globular proteins inserted
More informationBy: Dr Hadi Mozafari 1
Biological lipids are a chemically diverse group of compounds, the common and defining feature of which is their insolubility in water. By: Dr Hadi Mozafari 1 Fats and oils are the principal stored forms
More informationCell Structure and Function
Household pin w/ bactera Cell Structure and Function Chapter 4 Same bacteria on pinhead Fig. 4-1c, p.50 Review: Ionic Bonds Na has 11p and 10e making it (+) Cl has 18e and 17 p making it (-) The attraction
More informationChapter 12 Nutrition
Chapter 12 Nutrition Nutrients macronutrients: large required daily quantities carbohydrates, lipids, proteins micronutrients: small required daily quantities vitamins, minerals Also required: water and
More informationBIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Prof. J.H.P. Bayley, Dr. R.M. Adlington and Dr. L. Smith Trinity Term First Year. Lecture 2 Hagan Bayley
BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Prof. J.H.P. Bayley, Dr. R.M. Adlington and Dr. L. Smith Trinity Term 2007 - First Year Lecture 2 Hagan Bayley Introduction to the macromolecules of life and cell structures. Introduction
More informationTHE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Neurons & Impulses
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Neurons & Impulses Organization of the Nervous System: Two Major Portions: The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). CNS = Brain/Spinal Cord PNS = Nerves-provide
More informationFactors to Consider in the Study of Biomolecules
Factors to Consider in the Study of Biomolecules What are the features of the basic building blocks? (ex: monosaccharides, alcohols, fatty acids, amino acids) 1) General structure and functional groups
More informationX-LINKED ADRENOLEUKODISTROPHY: PROFILES OF VERY LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN PLASMA AND FIBROBLASTS IN EIGTH SERBIAN PATIENTS
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2007 / 22 (2) 118-122 X-LINKED ADRENOLEUKODISTROPHY: PROFILES OF VERY LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN PLASMA AND FIBROBLASTS IN EIGTH SERBIAN PATIENTS Sanja Grkovic,
More informationNotes Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Hooke looked at cork under a simple microscope and found tiny chambers he named cells.
Notes Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function 7.1 Cell discovery and Theory 1665 Hooke looked at cork under a simple microscope and found tiny chambers he named cells. Cells are the basic structural and
More informationchapter one: the history of microbiology
chapter one: the history of microbiology Revised 8/29/2016 microbes microscopic (small) organisms, viruses, prions prefix sci. notation frac. equivalent dec. equivalent kilo- (k) 1 10 3 1000/1 = 1000 1000
More informationClassification, functions and structure
Classification, functions and structure Elena Rivneac PhD, Associate Professor Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry State University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Nicolae Testemitanu" Lipids
More informationChapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought
Chapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought Do you think about the food that goes into your body and how it affects you? How can you interpret the various nutrition information found in the press? What are
More informationX-ALD 101: Clinical Aspects and Screening Methods
X-ALD 101: Clinical Aspects and Screening Methods April 20, 2016 Transcript Laura Russell: Patricia Hunt: Hi everyone. This is Laura Russell from APHL. We're going to go ahead and get started. I d like
More informationEnhanced microbial lipid production with genetically modified yeast and fungus
Enhanced microbial lipid production with genetically modified yeast and fungus Pacific Rim Summit on Industrial Biotechnology and Bioenergy 2014 Kari Koivuranta, Marilyn Wiebe, Laura Ruohonen and Merja
More informationFunctions of the Nervous System
The Nervous System Functions of the Nervous System 1. Control center for all body activities 2. Responds and adapts to changes that occur both inside and outside the body (Ex: pain, temperature, pregnancy)
More informationM1.(a) 1. Fewer children / less likely that children with asthma eat fish; Accept converse.
M.(a). Fewer children / less likely that children with asthma eat fish; Accept converse.. Fewer children / less likely that children with asthma eat oily fish; MP and Allow use of numbers.. Little / only
More informationDOWNLOAD OR READ : MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS THE HISTORY OF A DISEASE PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI
DOWNLOAD OR READ : MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS THE HISTORY OF A DISEASE PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 multiple sclerosis the history of a disease multiple sclerosis the history pdf multiple sclerosis the history
More information15.1 Lipids 15.2 Fatty Acids. Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 15 Lipids 15.1 Lipids 15.2 Fatty Acids Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Lipids Lipids are biomolecules that contain fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. soluble in organic solvents, but
More informationLecture 3 (Oct 5 th ): NEURONS AND NERVE IMPULSES Lecture Outline
Lecture 3 (Oct 5 th ): NEURONS AND NERVE IMPULSES Lecture Outline 1) CNS vs. PNS 2) Structure of Neurons parts of a neuron: soma, dendrites, axons 3) Glial Cells 4) Mitosis and Regeneration in Neurons
More informationCHAPTER 28 LIPIDS SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
HAPTER 28 LIPIDS SLUTINS T REVIEW QUESTINS 1. The lipids, which are dissimilar substances, are arbitrarily classified as a group on the basis of their solubility in fat solvents and their insolubility
More informationX-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: Clinical course and minimal incidence in South Brazil
Brain & Development xxx (2009) xxx xxx Original article X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: Clinical course and minimal incidence in South Brazil Laura Bannach Jardim a,g, *, Andrew Chaves Feitosa da Silva
More informationReading. Learning Objectives. How are macromolecules assembled? 8. Macromolecules I. Contents
Contents 1 Reading 2 Learning Objectives 3 How are macromolecules assembled? 4 Carbohydrates 4.1 Structural Carbohydrates 5 Lipids 5.1 Fats/Triglycerides 5.1.1 Saturated versus Unsaturated fats 5.2 Phospholipids
More informationUnit 4 Student Guided Notes
Structure of Viruses Discovery of the Virus Unit 4 Student Guided Notes Many human epidemics were well documented and observed in history, but. The following 3 discoveries shaped our knowledge of viruses
More informationWhat is Anatomy and Physiology?
Introduction BI 212 BI 213 BI 211 Ecosystems Organs / organ systems Cells Organelles Communities Tissues Molecules Populations Organisms Campbell et al. Figure 1.4 Introduction What is Anatomy and Physiology?
More informationCNS pathology Third year medical students. Dr Heyam Awad 2018 Lecture 4: Myelin diseases of the CNS
CNS pathology Third year medical students Dr Heyam Awad 2018 Lecture 4: Myelin diseases of the CNS ILOS 1. to understand differences and similarities between diseases of myelin in CNS and PNS. 2. to understand
More information2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules CARBON BASED MOLECULES
CARBON BASED MOLECULES KEY CONCEPTS Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life. Lipids are one class of organic molecules. This group includes fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Lipids are made of
More informationLipids, pt. 1. Feb. 3, Bio 28: Nutrition Instructor: Paul Nagami Laney College
Lipids, pt. 1 Feb. 3, 2014 Bio 28: Nutrition Instructor: Paul Nagami Laney College Today s Agenda Reminders + Administrative Details What Are Lipids? Chemistry and Types of Lipids Fatty Acids Saturated
More informationChapter 7: Membranes
Chapter 7: Membranes Roles of Biological Membranes The Lipid Bilayer and the Fluid Mosaic Model Transport and Transfer Across Cell Membranes Specialized contacts (junctions) between cells What are the
More informationMicrobiology The study of Microbes are organisms to be seen with the
Module 1 Chapter 1 The microbial world and you Microbes in our lives Overall theme of this course is to discuss microbes and how they are involved in the lives of humans. Microbes make the biggest news
More informationHIGH CONCENTRATION. Concentrate of Omega esters extracted from plant sources in liquid form DIETARY SUPPLEMENT
HIGH CONCENTRATION Concentrate of Omega 3+6+9 esters extracted from plant sources in liquid form DIETARY SUPPLEMENT The need for access to natural nutrition In today s world, it is becoming more and more
More information11/15/2011. Outline. Structural Features and Characteristics. The Good the Bad and the Ugly. Viral Genomes. Structural Features and Characteristics
Chapter 19 - Viruses Outline I. Viruses A. Structure of viruses B. Common Characteristics of Viruses C. Viral replication D. HIV II. Prions The Good the Bad and the Ugly Viruses fit into the bad category
More informationMCB130 Midterm. GSI s Name:
1. Peroxisomes are small, membrane-enclosed organelles that function in the degradation of fatty acids and in the degradation of H 2 O 2. Peroxisomes are not part of the secretory pathway and peroxisomal
More informationNERVOUS SYSTEM 1 CHAPTER 10 BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I
BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I 1 Ch 10 A This set Ch 10 B CHAPTER 10 NERVOUS SYSTEM 1 BASIC STRUCTURE and FUNCTION Dr. Lawrence G. Altman www.lawrencegaltman.com Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill.
More informationOverview of the Nervous System A. Subdivisions of the Nervous System: 1. The two major subdivisions of the nervous system:
BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I 1 Ch 10 A This set Ch 10 B CHAPTER 10 NERVOUS SYSTEM 1 BASIC STRUCTURE and FUNCTION Dr. Lawrence G. Altman www.lawrencegaltman.com Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill.
More informationLipids and Membranes
Lipids and Membranes Presented by Dr. Mohammad Saadeh The requirements for the Pharmaceutical Biochemistry I Philadelphia University Faculty of pharmacy Lipids and Membranes I. overview Lipids are related
More informationBiological role of lipids
Lipids Lipids Organic compounds present in living organisms, insoluble in water but able to be extracted by organic solvents such as: chloroform, acetone, benzene. Extraction = the action of taking out
More informationNutrition, Food, and Fitness. Chapter 6 Fats: A Concentrated Energy Source
Nutrition, Food, and Fitness Chapter 6 Fats: A Concentrated Energy Source Tools: Printer (color optional) 4 sheets of 8.5 x 11 paper Scissors Directions: 1. Print 2. Fold paper in half vertically 3. Cut
More informationBell Work A molecule composed primarily of amino acids would be classified in which of the following groups? a. starches c. proteins b. fats d. sugars
Bell Work A molecule composed primarily of amino acids would be classified in which of the following groups? a. starches c. proteins b. fats d. sugars Bell Work A molecule composed primarily of amino acids
More informationFatty Acids Synthesis L3
Fatty Acids Synthesis L3 The pathway for fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm, whereas, oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. The other major difference is the use of nucleotide co-factors. Oxidation
More informationFAT. Dr. Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology
FAT Dr. Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology OBJECTIVES LECTURE By the end of this lecture, student can: Define what is lipid/fat
More informationViral Genetics. BIT 220 Chapter 16
Viral Genetics BIT 220 Chapter 16 Details of the Virus Classified According to a. DNA or RNA b. Enveloped or Non-Enveloped c. Single-stranded or double-stranded Viruses contain only a few genes Reverse
More information7.06 Spring of PROBLEM SET #6
7.6 Spring 23 1 of 6 7.6 PROBLEM SET #6 1. You are studying a mouse model of hypercholesterolemia, a disease characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood. In normal cells, LDL particles in
More informationAdult Nervous System
Adult Nervous System What is the capacity of the PNS and CNS for repair? WHY? Why discuss this now? Potential for repair depends on cellular properties of nerve and glial cells. http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s1/chapter09.html
More informationMacromolecules are large molecules. Macromolecules are large structures made of many smaller structures linked together.
Biomolecules Macromolecules are large molecules. Macromolecules are large structures made of many smaller structures linked together. The small single structure is a monomer (mono=one). The larger structure
More information