LORENZO S OIL S C I E N C E M O V I E N I G H T. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 1 of 23)

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1 LORENZO S OIL S C I E N C E M O V I E N I G H T The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 1 of 23)

2 Presents: The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 2 of 23)

3 Details: Year: 1992 Rated: PG-13 Parental Rating: Cautionary; some scenes objectionable Running Time: 135 min. Released By: Universal Awards: Academy Award Nominee: Best Actress - Susan Sarandon Academy Award Nominee: Best Original Screenplay George Miller Cast: Nick Nolte: Augusto Odone Susan Sarandon: Michaela Odone Peter Ustinov: Professor Nikolais Zack O'Malley Greenburg: Lorenzo The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 3 of 23)

4 Lorenzo s Oil is based on the true story of a six year old boy named Lorenzo Odone, who begins to exhibit the symptoms of an extremely rare disease called Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). When he was first diagnosed in 1984, ALD was still a newly-discovered disease with no cure and extremely limited available research. Lorenzo s parents, Augusto and Michaela Odone, decide to conduct their own research in a desperate attempt to locate a cure for their son s disease. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 4 of 23)

5 an X chromosome-linked (sex-linked) recessive disease passed from mothers to sons through a defective X chromosome Defective chromosome Affected Sex chromosome The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 5 of 23)

6 The defective chromosome inhibits the function of the specific enzyme that breaks down very long chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFA), causing them to accumulate in the nervous system. VLCSFA s = C24 & C26 The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 6 of 23)

7 accumulation of VLCSFA destroys the myelin sheath that insulates the axons of neurons demyelination inhibits the transmission of nerve signals The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 7 of 23)

8 The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 8 of 23)

9 The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 9 of 23)

10 What are some of the symptoms that Lorenzo displayed, and how did they progress? loss of hearing loss of sight loss of balance loss of speech loss of muscle control inability to swallow Why did the symptoms and their progression lead doctors to believe that Lorenzo had a degenerative disease that affects the nervous system? accumulation of VLCSFA destroys the myelin sheath that insulates neurons demyelination inhibits the transmission of nerve signals The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 10 of 23)

11 What treatment did Lorenzo first implement to attempt to decrease the level of very long chain saturated fatty acids in his body? Dietary modification He decreased his nutritional intake of saturated fats What effect did this have on his VLCSFA levels? The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 11 of 23)

12 Augusto uses a diagram of a sink to represent what is happening in Lorenzo s body. In his diagram, what do the two taps represent? The 1st one represents the long chain saturated fatty acids that Lorenzo takes in through his diet. The 2 nd tap represents the VLCSFA s that Lorenzo s body biosynthesizes. What does the drain represent? It represents the enzyme that metabolizes the VLCSFA s. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 12 of 23)

13 Why are Lorenzo s VLCSFA levels increasing, despite the fact that he has decreased his dietary intake of saturated fats? Biosynthesis & Homeostasis In addition to the very long chain saturated fatty acids that are taken in through diet, the body also synthesizes its own VLCSFA s. To compensate for the decrease in dietary intake of saturated fatty acids, the body increases biosynthesis to maintain homeostasis. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 13 of 23)

14 Michaela Odone discovers research on fatty acid manipulation that provides a possible solution to Lorenzo s high level of VLCSFA s. What is the name of the substance that was first used to manipulate Lorenzo s fatty acid levels? Where does it come from? oleic acid (monounsaturated C18) = Principle component of olive oil The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 14 of 23)

15 How does this substance help decrease Lorenzo s level of VLCSFA s? Increasing the intake of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid C18) causes the enzyme that synthesizes very long chain saturated fatty acids to stop making them in excess. (has the opposite effect of decreasing saturated fat levels) The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 15 of 23)

16 Oleic acid successfully decreases Lorenzo s level of VLCSFA s for a period of time. Why did his VLCSFA level plateau after an initial period of decrease? Even though extra unsaturated fat is being added to the diet, which decreases biosynthesis, the body will still continue to synthesize a certain amount of very long chain saturated fatty acid. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 16 of 23)

17 Augusto Odone discovers another substance that may provide a solution to the plateau that occurs in Lorenzo s VLCSFA level. What is the name of this substance, and where does it come from? erucic acid (monounsaturated C22) = Principle component of rapeseed oil The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 17 of 23)

18 What does Lorenzo s oil consist of? 4 parts oleic acid + 1 part erucic acid = Lorenzo s Oil The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 18 of 23)

19 How does Lorenzo s oil stop the progression of ALD? The same enzyme metabolizes both monounsaturated & long-chain fatty acids. Competitive Inhibition Erucic acid (monounsaturated C22) is long enough to compete with the very long chain saturated fatty acids (C24 & C26) for the enzyme s active site. This results in the production of more very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids and less of the harmful saturated type. The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 19 of 23)

20 Unfortunately, Lorenzo s oil can only slow down or stop the progression of Adrenoleukodystrophy for those who already exhibit symptoms. What other treatments for ALD were being researched when the movie was produced? Myelin Regeneration Gene Therapy Stem Cell Research How would a cure for Adrenoleukodystrophy offer hope to those with other neurological conditions? The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 20 of 23)

21 If treatment begins before symptoms develop, Lorenzo s oil seems to prevent the disease from occurring in many individuals with ALD. Since many males with ALD are now living past the age of puberty, could this increase the likelihood that females will contract Adrenoleukodystrophy? If so, how? Defective chromosome Affected The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 21 of 23)

22 Should individuals resort to their own unscientific experiments when proven research is unavailable? Is good science contrary to compassion? Is it ethical for human beings to suffer or sacrifice themselves for scientific advancement? Is there a point where life is no longer worth living? (What constitutes life?) Should scientists be more collaborative and less competitive? The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 22 of 23)

23 Questions Compiled by T. Lazauski Peer Tutor Edited by D. Leonard Learning Specialist The Academic Support Daytona State College The Academic Support Daytona State College (Science 86 Page 23 of 23)

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