INNOVHUB. PROPERTIES OF PURE GLYCEROL Speaker Maura Sala. Milan, October 2012

Transcription

1 INNOVHUB STAZIONI SPERIMENTALI PER L INDUSTRIA SSOG DIVISION PROPERTIES OF PURE GLYCEROL Speaker Maura Sala Milan, October

2 IDENTITY CARD NAME: GLYCEROL C3H8O3 CAS NUMBER: Molar Mass: g/mol INNOVHUB STAZIONI SPERIMENTALI PER L INDUSTRIA La nuova azienda speciale Milano, 4 novembre

3 AME SURNAME AND. Glycerol Glycerine Glycerin GLYCERINE (GLICERIN): USED COMMERCIAL NAME, APPLIED TO PURIFIED COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING 95% OR MORE OF GLYCEROL GLYCEROL: REFEARS TO CAS REGISTRY La NUMBER: nuova azienda 5 speciale CHEMICAL COMPOUND: 1,2,3 PROPANETRIOL CH 2 OHCHOHCH 2 OH (Trihydric alcool: 2 primary hydroxyl group and 1 secondary group, very stable under most conditions) Milano, 4 novembre 2011Europe: EUROPE: GLYCEROL IS MUCH MORE APPLIED TERM, ALSO FOR GLYCERINE PRODUCT OR FORMULATION 3

4 CONNOTATIONS AND MARK HIGHLIGHTS CLEAR COLORLESS ODORLESS WARM SWEET TASTE VISCOUS INNOVHB MISCIBLE WITH WATER AND ALCOOL HYGROSCOPIC STAZIONI SPERIMENTALI uova azienda speciale PER L INDUSTRIA HIGH BOILING LIQUID NON TOSSIC Milano, 4 novembre 2011 HIGH STABILITY UNDER ORDINARY CONDITIONS OF STORAGE AND USE EVEN IF GLYCEROL SOLUTION, SUBJECTED TO HEAT, SHOULD NOT BE STORED OR PROCESSED IN IRON OR COPPER CONTAINING VESSEL, UNLESS INHIBITORS ARE PRESENT (IRON AND COPPER SALTS CATALYZE OXIDATION OF GLYCEROL) 4

5 CONTRACTION VOLUME AND INCREASE OF TEMPERATURE Volumetric contraction of glycerol and water when mixed at 20 C % Volume contraction 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0, Glycerol (%W) The maximum increase of Temperature is 5 C at 58% (W) TEMPERATU URE, C Temperature rise on mixing Glycerol and water GLYCEROL (%W) 5

6 SPECIFIC GRAVITY BECAUSE OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OR SOMETIMES IMPROPERLY CALLED DENSITY OF WATER AND GLYCEROL, ITS DETERMINATION HAS BEEN ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL MEANS TO ESTIMATE INNOVHB THE PURITY OF GLYCEROL uova azienda speciale STAZIONI SPERIMENTALI PER L INDUSTRIA IN TABLE 1 DATA OF APPARENT AND TRUE SPECIFIC GRAVITY Milano, 4 novembre 2011 ARE AVAILABLE. 6

7 ble 1 Specific gravity nd per cent Glycerol (%) 15/15 C 20/20 C 25/25 C Glycerol TRUE SPECIFIC GRAVITY (%) 15/15 C 20/20 C 25/25 C

8 THE ACCURACY OF DETERMINATION THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY DEPENDS ON THE CONCENTRATION OF GLYCEROL, DUE TO ITS HIGH VISCOSITY Glycerol (%) 15/15 C 20/20 C 25/25 C DIFFERENCES (TRUE SPECIFIC GRAVITY APPARENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY) 100 0, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

9 Dynamic Viscosity of Glycerol Solutions ,0000 Water (0% gly) 10000,0000 gly 50% 1000,0000 gly 100% cp emperature gly 0% (cp) gly 50% (cp) gly 100% (cp) 0 1, , ,3080 9, ,0050 6, ,8007 4, ,6560 3, ,5494 2, ,4688 1,86 81,3 70 0,4061 1,53 50,6 80 0,3565 1,25 31,9 90 0,3165 1,05 21, ,2838 0,91 14,8 Viscosity 100, ,0000 1,0000 0,1000 Gly 100% Gly 50% Water (Gly 0%) Temperature C 9

10 Dynamic Viscosity of Glycerol, MEG and MPG Solutions 16,00 14,00 12,00 Gly 50% MEG 50% MPG 50% Viscosiy y, Cp 10,00 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 0, Temperature, C Aqueous glycerol is similar to MPG, but more viscous than aqueous MEG solution. At high h temperature t the behviour is the same 10

11 Dynamic Viscosity of Glycerol and Ethylene Solutions at low Temperature GLY 50% MEG 50% Dy ynamic viscosity Cp Temp. C 50% Gly (cp) 50%MEG (cp) , , Temperature, C 11

12 Dynamic Viscosity of Glycerol and Glycols Solutions at 40 C namic viscosity cp Di MEG MPG GLYCERIN GLY MEG (50/50) GLY MPG (50/50) (60% Volume) 12

13 Freezing point of glycerol and its solutions Pure glycerol: +180 C 18.0 C Freezing point of glycerol water solutions 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0 35,0 EUTECTIC POINT 46.5 C 40,0 (66.7 Gly Water) 45,0 50,0 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0 Per cent of glycerol by weight 13

14 Freezing point and Pour point of glycerol and glicols solutions Freezing point at low temperature 0,0 10,0 Pour Point Temperature C 20,0 30,0 40,0 MEG GLYCEROL 50% Volume C MPG Mono propylen glycole 63 Mono etylenglycole 42 Glicerol 51 50,0 60, % Weight 14

15 Boiling Point of Glycerol Water solutions Pressure (mm) Pure water 34 51,6 60,1 66,4 71,6 75,9 79,6 82,9 85,9 88,7 91,2 93,5 95,7 97,7 100 Glycerol l % 10 34,4 52,1 60,7 67,0 72,3 76,6 80,3 83,7 86,7 89,5 92,0 94,3 96,6 98,6 100, ,9 52,7 61,3 67,7 73,0 77,3 81,1 84,4 87,5 90,3 92,9 95,2 97,4 99,5 101, ,5 53,4 62,1 68,6 73,8 78,2 82,0 85,3 88,4 91,3 93,8 96,2 98,4 100,4 102, ,4 54,4 63,1 69,5 74,9 79,3 83,1 86,4 89,5 92,4 95,0 97,3 99,6 101,7 104, ,5 55,7 64,5 71,1 76,4 80,9 84,8 88,2 91,3 94,2 96,8 99,2 101,5 103,6 106, ,5 58,0 66,9 73,5 79,0 83,5 87,4 90,9 94,1 97,0 99,7 102,1 104,4 106,6 109, ,0 61,7 70,8 77,6 83,1 87,7 91,7 95,2 98,4 101,4 104,1 106,6 109,0 111,1 113, ,1 68,2 77,4 84,3 90,0 94,6 98,7 102,3 105,6 108,7 11,4 113,9 116,3 118,5 121, ,5 80,2 90,3 97,7 103,9 109,1 113,5 117,4 121,0 124,4 127,4 130,2 132,8 135,2 138,0 Pure glycerol 210,0 227,3 238,6 246,8 253,6 259,2 264,3 268,2 272,1 275,7 278,8 281,8 284,6 287,1 290,0 100% Base fluid B.P ( C) Glycerol 290 MEG 197 MPG % Base fluid BP( C) B.P Glycerol 106 MEG 107 MPG

16 Boiling Points of Glycerol and Glycols Solutions gly 0 psig gly 15 psig gly 30 psig EG 15 psig EG 30 psig EG 0 psig BP (F) Concentration (%V) 16

17 SPECIFIC HEATS OF GLYCEROL WATER MIXTURES C SPECIFIC HEATS, Cal/g x C GLYCEROL 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 1,7 0,88 0,87 0,86 0,84 0,82 0,80 0,77 0,74 0,71 1,1 0,88 0,86 0,85 0,83 0,81 0,79 0,76 0,73 0,7 3,9 0,87 0,86 0,84 0,82 0,80 0,78 0,75 0,72 0,69 6,7 0,86 0,85 0,83 0,82 0,79 0,77 0,74 0,71 0,68 % GLY Specific heat cal/g x C 100 0,575 0,01 0,700 0,05 0,612 11,25 0,608 7,2 a 6,8 a ,4 4,1 4,8 a 0,82 0,80 0,78 0,76 0,73 0,70 0,67 12,0, a.... 3,7 a ,2 2,7 3,2 3,6 0,80 0,78 0,75 0,72 0,69 0,66 15,0 2,1 2,4 2,7 0,79 0,77 0,74 0,71 0,67 0,65 15,2 a ,9 a , ,7 19 1,9 21 2,1 24 2, , , , , ,63 18,8 a ,4 a ,6 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 0,72 0,69 0,65 0,62 23, ,0 a ,3 1,2 1,4 1, ,9 2,0 0,68 0,64 0,61 26,1 1,1 1,2 1, ,6 1,7 0,67 0,63 0,6 28, ,7 a ,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 0,62 0,59 31,7 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 0,61 0,58 a: estimated freezing point, and maximum specific heat for mixture of this composition 17

18 Convective heat transfer The convectice cooling mode is affected by four coolant fluid properties: density, specific heat, thermal conductivity and viscosity. The table below compare the properties of 100% water, 50% EG, PG and Glycerol base coolants. Geheas,E. ( An analysis of Engine Cooling in modern passengers cars SAE (660C, 1963, p6) states that increases in coolant density, specific heat and thermal conductivity all result in lower metal temperatures. Comparison of convective Heat transfer related properties for fluids at t20 C Aqueous Solutions (50%V) Properties 100% Water MPG MEG Glycerol Density, g/cm3 1,00 1,04 1,07 1,14 Specific heat, cal/g x C 1,00 0,84 0,78 0,77 Thermal conductivity, cal cm/s cm 2 K x ,50 8,7 10,00 9,70 Viscosity, cp 1,02 6,2 4,80 10,00 COMPARING THE THREE ANTIFREEZE/COOLANT BASE FLUID AT 50% VOLUME, THEIR FOUR CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER FLUID PROPERTIES ARE SIMILAR 18

19 Flash and Fire point The procedure is: ASTM D 92 Cleveland open cup 99% GLYCEROL Flash point: 177 C - Fire point: 204 C When aqueous glycerol is tested there is not flash until the water is evaporated to bring the glycero concentration at about 97.5%. The flash is: 190 C. This higher flash is due to the water vapors which are added to glycerol vapor. Going on to the test to the fire point the glycerol is further concentrated at abou 98.6% weight. The fire point is 204 C. Glycerol MEG MPP Flash point ( C) Fire point ( C) Autoignition Temperature ( C) The flash point of glycerol runs about 60 higher than the glycols. Also the autoignition temperature is 10 higher: GLYCEROL IS NOT WORSE THAN GLYCOLS FOR FLAMMABILITY PERFORMANCE 19

20 CONNOTATIONS AND MARK HIGHLIGHTS. THANKS! One glycerol gy connotation is: WARM SWEET TASTE I sincerely hope that the presentation was not too bitter instead! INNOVHB uova azienda speciale Thank you very much for your attention! STAZIONI SPERIMENTALI PER L INDUSTRIA Milano, 4 novembre 2011 References Miner C.C., Dalton N.N., Glicerol, American Chemical Society Monograph Series (1953) Flick E.W., Industrial solvents Handbook, Noyes Data Corporation (1998) Hudgens RD R.D., Hercamp RD R.D., Francis J., Nyman DA D.A., Bartoli liya Y, An evaluation of glycerin (Glycerol) l) as a heavy duty engine antifreeze/coolant t base, Sae technical paper series (2007) Newman A.A., Glycerol, Morgan Grampian (1968) Martin G., The manufacture of glycerol, The technical press LTD. (1956) Jungermann E., Sonntag N.O.V., Glycerine a Key cosmetic ingredient, Cosmetic Science and Technology Series Vol 11, Marcel Dekker Inc (1991) 20