INDEX. Cancerpain alcohol neurolysis for, 5, 20, 53-54

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1 INDEX Alcohol advantages of, 54 celiac plexus block with, 19-20, 165 chemical hypophysectomy with, 20 complications and side effects of, 18, 19, 45-46, contraindications for, 54 doses with, 52 drug interaction with, 18 duration of pain relief in, 53 early use of, 2-6, 7, 8, 33, facial nerve block with, 113 gasserian ganglion block with, 121, 126 indications for, nerve fiber effects of, pharmacology of, 18 pituitary adenolysis with, 20, popularity of, 18 puncture site selection in, 48, 55 sciatie neuralgia, 54, 190 subarachnoid block with, 4-5,18-19, 33,42-55 ' sympathetic nerve block with, techniques with, Ammonium chloride, 8 Anesthesia, nerve-blocking techniques for,5 Anesthesia dolorosa, 115, 186 Annulus fibrosus innervation of, 147 radiofrequency lesions in low back pain treatment and, types of tears of, Antibioties, and alcohol neurolysis, 18 Arachnoiditis, 93 Arthritis, 54 Asthma, 5-6 Benzyl alcohol, 6, 189 Brachial neuritis, 5 Buerger's disease, 5 Bupivacaine 59,61,62 hypertonie saline solution in epidural neurolysis with, stellate ganglion block with, 133, 134, , 141 trigeminal nerve blockade with, 126 Cancerpain alcohol neurolysis for, 5, 20, 53-54

2 214 Index early treatment of, 3, 5 hypertonie saline solutions for, 21 percutaneous cordotomy for, 106 peripheral neurolytic block for, 187 phenol neurolysis for, 14, 17, 34, 36, 205,207 pituitary adenolysis in, 100, 101 Carbemazepine, in trigeminal neuralgia, 115,125 Catheter, in epidural neurolysis, Celiac plexus block alcohol, 19-20, 165 anatomieal considerations in, complications and side effects with ', computerized tomography (Cf) in, patient selection in, phenol, 18, 36 results of, 167 techniques for, upper abdominal pain and, Cervical sympathetic block epidurogram for epidural scarring in, 61 phenol, 38,42,205 Chloramphenieol, and alcohol neurolysis, 18 Chlorocresol early use of, 8-9 phenol compared with, subarachnoid block with, 33, 34, 35 Chloroform, early use of, 1 Coagulation, see Radio-frequency coagulation Cocaine, 3 Coccydinia, alcohol blocks with 4 Computerized axial tomograph; (CA T) celiac plexus block with, epidural scarring on, 57 Contrast media epidurogram with, radiofrequency percutaneous lumb ar sympathectomy with, Corticosteroids case studies of, duration of pain relief with, 79-80, 82 epidural neurolysis with, hypetonic saline mixture with, mechanism of action of, patient selection for, side effects of, technique in, treatment outcomes with, Cranial nerve, and neurolytie blocks, 99 Denervation dysesthesia, 186 Dentate ligament, in percutaneous cordotomy,i Diazepam, with epidural neurolysis, 79 Disulfiram, and alcohol neurolysis, 18 Epidural adhesions, cas studies in, cervical-thoracic-lumbar area technique in, 61 duration of pain relief in, 70, 71 epidurogram for, experimental model of, follow-up to, laminectomy and, problems associated with, sacral area technique in, symptoms of, 57 Epidural neurolysis catheter use in, 95-98, corticosteroid and hypertonic saline solution mixture in, duration of pain relief with, 21, 23 hypertonic saline, 22, 23 mechanism of action in, 200 morphological changes in, 27 needle used in, patient selection for, 77-78, phenol, 9, 15-17,27,35, 196, 197 reinjection techniques in, technique in, 17,78-80 Ethanol, in sympathetic nerve block, 20 Ethyl alcohol, 3 Facial pain facial nerve block for, hypertonie saline neurolysis for, Fentanyl, with epidurogram, 58, 79 Formaldehyde, early use of, 5 Gasserian ganglion block, alcohol for, 121, 126 early use of, 3, 7, 9 glycerol for, 9, 190 phenolfor,3, 7, ,126 radio-frequency coagulation with, techniques for,

3 215 Genitofemoral nerve, in chemical sympathectomy, 179 Glycerol gasserian ganglion block with, 9, 190 mechanism of action of, 131 percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy (PRGR) for, phenol with, 14 Guaicol,2 Horner's syndrome, 110, 139 Hypertonic saline (sodium chloride) case studies of, cortieosteroid mixture with, duration of pain relief with, 79-80, 82 early use of, 1 epidural, 22, ,61,62 intrathecal, 21-22, 23 mechanism of action of, 75 nerve fiber effects of, patient selection for, peripheral neurolytie block and, 190 pharmacology of, side effects of, 21-22, technique in, treatment outcomes with, Hypophysectomy, ajcohol injection for, 20 Hypothalamus, in alcohol hypophysectomy, 20 Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, 114 Infraorbital nerve block, in trigeminal neuralgia, 117 Infraorbital neuralgia, early treatment of, 1 Intrathecal hypertonic saline solutions, 21-22,23 Intrathecal phenol neurolysis, 15 Laminectomy, epidural fibrosis following, Laryngeal nerve, alcohol with, 4 Local anesthetics case studies of, duration of pain relief with, 79-80, 82 hypertonie saline and corticosteroid mixture in epidural neurolysis with, technique in, mechanism of action of, 74 side effects of, treatment outcomes with, Low back pain radiofrequency lesions and, Lumbar sympathetic block anatomic considerations in, 173 complications with, early work with, 6, 7, epidurogram for epidural scarring in, 61 indieations for, patient selection in, 174 phenolfor, 6, 7, 38, 41, 205 radiofrequency, technique in, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in epidural scarring, 57, 92 Mandibular nerve block, 118 Maxillary nerve block, Meningitis, with epidural neurolysis, 84 Meralgia parethetiea, 37 Metastatie tumors ajcohol hypophysectomy for, 20 epidurogram for epidural scarring in, 66 repeat epidural phenol injections for, 205,207 2-methoxyphenol, 2 Methyl ajcohol, 5 Methylprednisolone 59,61,62-63 hypertonic saline solution in epidural neurolysis with, stellate ganglion block with, 133, , 141 trigeminal nerve blockade with, 126 Metronidazole, and ajcohol neurolysis, 18 Midazolam, with epidurogram, 58, 79 Motor-point block technique, Moxalactam, and alcohol neurolysis, 18 Myelogram, and epidural scars, 57 Narcotics, 53 Needle, in epidural neurolysis, Nerve fibers alcohol effects on, anatomieal considerations with, 33-34

4 216 IRdex hypertonic saline effects on, peripheral neurolytic block and, phenol effects on, 14,27-29 Nerve stimulator, in trigeminal neuralgia, Neuritis, postinjection, 7 Neurolysis first report of, 1-2 history of, 1-9 Neurolytic agents pharmacology of, see also specijic agents Noncancer pain, and peripheral neurolytic block, Nucleus pulposus, and epidural fibrosis, Nupercaine, 6 Occipital neuralgia, early treatment of, 6 Ondine syndrome, 110 Opiates, 53 Oral carcinoma, 3, 5 Oral hypoglycemics, and alcohol neurolysis, 18 Osmic acid, 2 Osteoarthri tis, 35 Parachlormetacresol, 8-9 Paravertebral block (PVB) alcohol, 4, 5-6 phenol, 15 Percutaneous cordotomy, lumbar, motor stimulation in, radio-frequency coagulation in, , results of, 112 sensory stimulation in, 107 spinothalamic tract visualization in, Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy (PRGR), Peripheral nerve blocks, alcohol,4 case reports with, , complications with, indications for, noncancer pain and, phenol, 17,37,186 spasticity and, Phenol, 9 anatomical considerations with, catheter use in, celiac plexus block with, 18, 36 cervical sympathetic block with, 38, 42, 205 chlorocresol compared with, complications and side effects with, 7-8,15,17-18,43 diffusion through dura of, duration of pain relief with, 14,42, early use of, 1-2,3,5,6,33, epidural block with, 9,15-17,27,35, 196, 197 failures after, gasserian ganglion block with, 3, 7, ,127 indications for, intrathecal block with, 15,36-37 lesions produced with, lumb ar sympathetic block with, 6, 7, 38, 41,205 mechanism of action of, 200 morphological changes with, 27 nerve fiber effects of, 14,27-29,35 patient selection for, paravertebrallumbar block with, 15 peripheral nerve blocks with, 17, 37 pharmacology of, postherpatic neuritis and, 140, puncture site selection in, reinjection techniques in, requirements for administration of, results using, 42, spasticity with, 36-37,190,206 stellate ganglion block with, 37, subarachnoid block with, 7, 8,15,27, 33-44, 196, 107 sympathetic blocks with, 17-18, 37 technique used with, 37-38, thoracic sympathetic block with, 38, Phenytoin, in trigeminal neuralgia, 125 Pitcher plant distillate, Pituitary adenolysis alcohol injections into, 20, anatomical considerations in, complications in, postoperative care in, repeat operations for, 106 technique in, 105

5 217 Postherpetic neuralgia, 35, 54, 140, Postinjection neuritis, 7 Procaine early use of, 5, 6, 8 Psychological problems, with facial spasm, 113 Psychological profile, in epidural neurolysis, Radio-frequency coagulation, 9 advantages of, gasserian ganglion block with, indications for, low back pain and, patient selection in, , 174 percutaneous cordotomy with, percutaneous lumb ar sympathectomy with, techniques in, 122, , , Raynaud's disease, 5, 140 Raynaud's syndrome, 172, 181 Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), , Scarring, see Epidural adhesions Sciatic neuralgia alcohol neurolysis for, 54, 190 early treatment of, 1-2,3,4,6 morphological changes in, Silver nitrate, 7 Sodium chloride, see Hypertonic saline (sodium chloride) Spasticity motor-point block technique in, peripheral neurolytic block for, phenol neurolysis, 36-37,190,206 Sphenopalatine ganglion block, Spinal cord alcohol neurolysis and, 48 anatomical considerations with, 33-34, 48, 51 experimental model of fibrosis in, phenol neuro lysis and, Spinothalamic tract percutaneous cordotomy with, radio-frequency coagulation in, visualization of dentate ligament in, Stellate ganglion block anatomical considerations in, 134 complications and side effects with, 18, duration of pain relief in, 143 indications for, 134 phenol, 37, reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) and, technique in, Steroids, see Corticosteroids Stylomastoid foramen, and facial nerve block, Subarachnoid block advantages of, 54 alcohol, 18-19,42-55 anatomical considerations with, complications and side effects of, 45-46,54-55 duration of pain relief in, 53 early use of, indications for, mechanism of action in, morphological changes in, 27, 28 phenol, 7, 8,15,27,196,197 puncture site selection in, 48, 55 technique in, Subraorbital nerve block in trigeminal neuralgia, 116 Supraorbital neuralgia, early treatment of, 2 Surgical anesthesia, nerve-blocking techniques for, 5 Sympathetic nerve block alcohol, phenol, 6, 7,17-18,37 reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) and, side effects with, Thalamus, in alcohol hypophysectomy, 20 Thoracic sympathetic block epidurogram for epidural scarring in, 61 phenol, 38, Tic douloureux, 2, 190 Tolbutamide, and alcohol neuro lysis, 18 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators (TENS), 206 Triamcinolone, in epidurogram for epidural scarring, 63 Tricresol, 7 Trigeminal neuralgia

6 218 Index complications with, distribution of trigeminal nerve and, 99 drug therapy for, 115 early treatment of, 1,2,3-4,5 idiopathic, 114 infraorbital nerve block in, 117 mental nerve block in, 118 nerve stimulator for, percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy (PRGR) for, peripheral neurolytic block and, 186 postherpatic neuritis and, 140 supraorbital nerve block for, 116 technique for, 116 Tunnel catheter, 96 Vasospastic disorders, X-ray control of blocks, 8