Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdomen, surgery of, abdominal pain and, 163 vascular anatomy of, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Abdominal emergencies, vascular, Abdominal hernias. See Hernia(s), abdominal. Abdominal pain, acute, analgesia in, 168 approach to, diagnostic imaging in, diagnostic studies in, imaging and laboratory testing in, integration based on pain location and disease process, in older adult, in unstable patient, laboratory testing in, assessment of patient s pain in, epigastric, evaluation of, 184 extra-abdominal and systemic causes of, functional, in children, generalized, evaluation of, hematologic causes of, 200 history taking in, imflammatory causes of, in children, diagnosis of, differential diagnosis of, 403, 404 due to infections, functional, history taking in, 401 physical examination in, in older adults. See Adult(s), older, abdominal pain in. in right upper quadrant, evaluation of, in special populations, infectious causes of, left lower quadrant, evaluation of, left upper quadrant, evaluation of, metabolic/endocrine causes of, neurogenic causes of, 205 right lower quadrant, evaluation of, suprapubic, evaluation of, symptoms associated with, abdominal examination in, Emerg Med Clin N Am 29 (2011) doi: /s (11) /11/$ see front matter ª 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. emed.theclinics.com

2 460 Abdominal (continued) assessment of, physical examination in, vital signs in, 164 systemic causes of, toxin-related or drug-related causes of, Abscesses, anorectal, Achalasia, Adrenal insufficiency, abdominal pain in, Adult(s), older, abdominal pain in, acute, extra-abdominal causes of, inflammatory causes of, obstructive causes of, vascular causes of, appendicitis in, diagnostic obstacles in, diarrhea in, 218 pathophysiologic changes in, Adynamic ileus, Alcoholic hepatitis, Alcoholic liver disease, Anal fissures, Aneurysms, vascular, Angiography, in gastrointestinal bleeding, 248 Anorectal abscesses, Anorectal emergencies, foreign bodies in gastrointestinal tract and, Anorectum, anatomy of, Anorexia, and appendicitis, 162 Aortic aneurysm, abdominal, ruptured, in older adult, Aortic dissection, in older adult, 440 Aortic thrombosis, 255 Appendicitis, and anorexia, 162 clinical presentation of, 348 diagnosis of, in children, diverticulitis, and colitis, in older adults, in special populations, overview and epidemiology of, 347 pathophysiology of, treatment of, B Biliary disease, in older adults, 433 Biliary drains, percutaneous, abdominal pain folowing insertion of, 455 Biliary tract disease, Body packer syndrome, 381 Bougienage, for extraction of esophageal foreign bodies, 378 Bowel, large, obstruction of, background of, 327 clinical features of, 328

3 461 imaging in, in older adult, laboratory studies in, 328 management and disposition in, 329 pathophysiology of, 328 normal, and mesentary position, 411 small, obstruction of, background of, 319 clinical features of, imaging in, in older adult, laboratory tests in, 321 management and disposition in, pathophysiology of, 320 Bowel infarction, 261, 262 Bowel obstruction, 319 and hernia, Bowel symptoms, abdominal pain and, Button batteries, in esophagus, in stomach, 380 C C1 inhibitor deficiency, abdominal pain in, 199 Carnett sign, 166 Caustic ingestions, esophageal emergency in, Caustics, abdominal pain due to, 204 Children, abdominal pain in. See Abdominal pain, in children. diarrhea in, extraabdominal pain in, infections in, abdominal pain in, ovarian torsion in, vomiting in, Cholecystectomy, Cholecystitis, 301 laboratory evaluation in, treatment of, Cholescintigraphy, radionuclide, Closed eyes sign, Coins, in esophagus, 373, Colitis, C difficile, clinical presentation of, diagnosis of, 361 overview and epidemiology of, 360 pathophysiology of, 360 treatment of, and disposition in, in older adults, 434 ischemic, clinical presentation of, 362 diagnosis of, overview and epidemiology of, 362 pathophysiology of, 362 treatment of, and disposition in, 363

4 462 Colonic pseudo-obstruction, acute, and ileus, in older adult, 437 Colonoscopy, in gastrointestinal bleeding, Computed tomography, abdominal, in acute abdominal pain, in appendicitis, in biliary disease, 306 in esophageal foreign bodies, 375 Constipation, diagnostic evaluation of, 221 etiology of, in children, in older adult, management and treatment of, presenting signs and symptoms of, 221 Cough test, 166 Crohn disease, 355, 356, 357 complications of, 359 D Diarrhea, differential diagnosis of, in elderly patients, 218 in pediatric patients, prevention of, 219 treatment of, Diverticula, esophageal, as cause of dysphagia, 279 Diverticulitis, clinical presentation of, diagnosis of, 354 in older adults, 434 overview and epidemiology of, 353 pathophysiology of, 353 treatment of, Dopamine receptor antagonists, in vomiting, Drug ingestion, illicit, Duodenum, foreign bodies in, Dysphagia, emergency department evaluation and management of, mechanical causes of, neuromuscular causes of, E Endoscopy, upper, in gastrointestinal bleeding, 247 Enterocolitis, neutropenic, abdominal pain in, 451 Epilepsy, abdominal, abdominal pain due to, 205 Esophageal and gastric emergencies, Esophageal dysphagia, 274 Esophageal neoplasms, Esophageal perforation, Esophageal spasm, diffuse,

5 463 Esophageal strictures, benign, Esophagitis, Esophagoscopy, in esophageal foreign bodies, Esophagus, anatomy and physiology of, 273, 372, 373 foreign bodies in. See Foreign bodies, esophageal. F Familial Mediterranean fever, abdominal pain in, Fluoroscopic-guided enema, in intussusception in children, 409, 410 Foley catheter, for extraction of esophageal foreign bodies, 377, 378 for extraction of rectal foreign bodies, Food allergy, abdominal pain in, 202 Foreign bodies, esophageal, complications of, 374 epidemiology of, evaluation of, 373, management of, overview of, presentation of, 374 in gastrointestinal tract, 369 and anorectal emergencies, in small and large intestine, in stomach, oropharyngeal, rectal, G Gallbladder, anatomy and pathophysiology of, emergency diseases of, Gallstones, clinical presentation of, complications and special considerations in, diagnostic imaging evaluation in, risk factors for, 302 Gas-forming agents, in esophageal obstruction, Gastric and esophageal emergencies, Gastroenteritis, acute, in children, assessment and diagnostic evaluation in, 227 Campylobacter jejuni as cause of, 225 eosinophilic, abdominal pain in, 201 Escherichia coli as cause of, 226 etiology of, 224 management of, Norwalk virus as cause of, rotavirus as cause of, Salmonella infection as cause of, 225 Shigella infection as cause of, 226 Vibrio parahaemolyticus as cause of, Yersinia infection as cause of, 226

6 464 Gastrointestinal bleeding, angiography in, 248 clinical features of, colonoscopy in, consultation in, 247 emergency department management in, 245 epidemiology of, fluid resuscitation and blood transfusion in, initial diagnostic testing in, 244 initial evaluation in, 242 lower, etiology of, medical therapies in, nasogastric aspiration in, 245 nature of bleed in, nuclear scintigraphy in, 248 upper, etiology of, , 245 upper endoscopy in, 247 Gastrointestinal tract, foreign bodies in, and anorectal emergencies, Gastrostomy tubes, percutaneous, abdominal pain following insertion of, 453 Genitourinary system, disorders of, in older adult, 440 GERD(gastroesophageal reflux disease), Glucagon, in esophageal obstruction, 379 H Heavy metals exposure, abdominal pain in, 203 Hemorrhoids, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, abdominal pain in, in children, Hepatic artery aneurysm, Hepatic encephalopathy, Hepatitis, alcoholic, viral, 296 Hepatorenal syndrome, 298 Hernia(s), abdominal, background of, 333 clinical features of, imaging of, management and disposition in, pathophysiology of, bowel obstruction and, incarcerated, in children, 414 internal, 338 ventral, Human immunodeficiency virus/aids, abdominal pain in, Hypercalcemia, abdominal pain in, 199 I Iliac artery aneurysm, Immunocompromised patient, abdominal pain in, emergency department management of, 456

7 465 Infections, pediatric, abdominal pain in, Inflammatory bowel disease, clinical presentation of, 356 diagnosis of, 357 extraintestinal manifestations of, overview and epidemiology of, 355 pathophysiology of, serious complications of, treatment of, Intestines, small and large, foreign bodies in, Intussusception, in children, Irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal pain due to, 205 Ischemic bowel, L Lactrodectus mactans (black widow spider) envenomation, abdominal pain due to, 204 Liver, emergency diseases of, gallbladder, and pancreas, emergencies of, laboratory tests of, Liver disease, alcoholic, chronic, complications of, M Magnetic resonance imaging, in appendicitis, 352 Malignancy, abdominal pain in, in older adult, abdominal pain in, 441 Meckel s diverticulum, Mesenteric artery, superior, occlusion of, 260, 261 thrombotic occlusion of, Mesenteric ischemia, acute, in older adult, clinical findings in, 260 diagnostic imaging in, laboratory evaluation in, 260 risk management in, treatment of, Mesenteric vein, thrombotic occlusion of, 259 Migraine, abdominal, abdominal pain due to, Mirizzi syndrome, 303 Murphy sign, 167 N Neutropenia, abdominal pain in, 200 Nitroglycerin and nifedipine, in esophageal obstruction, 379 NOMI, , 263 Nuclear medicine hepatobiliary evaluation, 306, 307 Nuclear scintigraphy, in gastrointestinal bleeding, 248 Nutcracker esophagus, 278 O Obturator sign, 167 Ogilvie syndrome, in older adult, 437

8 466 Opiates, abdominal pain due to, 204 Organ transplant, solid, abdominal pain following, 452 Oropharyngeal dysphagia, 274 Oropharynx, foreign bodies in, Ovarian torsion, in children, P Pain, abdominal. See Abdominal pain. extraabdominal, in children, Pancreas, anatomy of, 309 clinical findings in, diagnostc testing and imaging of, emergency diseases of, epidemiology of, 309 pathophysiology of, 310 risk factors for, Pancreatitis, abdominal pain in, 184 in older adults, mortality associated with, 312 treatment of, 312 Peptic ulcer disease, , in older adults, Peritonitis, detection of, in abdominal pain, spontaneous bacterial, Pharmacologic therapies, in esophageal obstruction, Pilonidal disease, Pneumonia, pediatric abdominal pain in, 419 Polyarteritis nodosa, abdominal pain in, 201 Porphyria, abdominal pain in, Portal vein thrombosis, Proctocolitis, radiation, 363 Pruritis ani, 390 Psoas sign, 167 R Radiography, plain abdominal, in acute abdominal pain, 177 plain film, in biliary disease, 306 Rectal examination, in abdominal pain, 166 Rectal prolapse, Rectum, foreign bodies in, Renal artery aneurysm, 268 Renal artery thrombosis, Renal vein thrombosis, Rovsing sign, 167 S Serotonin 5-HT 3 antagonists, in vomiting, 214 Sickle cell disease, abdominal pain in, 200 Sigmoid volvulus, 329 in older adult, 436 Splenic artery aneurysm, 267

9 467 Stomach, foreign bodies in, Streptococcal pharyngitis, group A &beta-hemolytic, in children, Systemic lupus erythematosus, abdominal pain in, 202 T Thyrotoxicosis, abdominal pain in, 198 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts, abdominal pain following insertion of, Transvenous biopsies, abdominal pain following, 454 Traveler s diarrhea, Tuberculosis, abdominal pain in, 202 U Ultrasound, in acute abdominal pain, 179 in appendicitis, 350, 351 in gallstones, , 306 in intussusception in children, 408, 410 Uterine artery embolization, abdominal pain following, 455 V Vascular abdominal emergencies, Vascular thromboses, abdominal, Vena cava filters, abdominal pain following insertion of, Ventral hernias, Viral hepatitis, 296 Visceral artery aneurysms, 267 Volvulus, midgut, Vomiting, abdominal pain and, 162 antiemetics in, diarrhea, constipation, and gastroenteritis, differential diagnosis of, in pediatric patients, Vomiting syndrome, cyclic, abdominal pain due to, W W.A.S.H. regimen, 386, 388