Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal pain, abdominal considerations in, antiemetics in, 182 auscultation in, 170 C-reactive protein in, character of, 167 classical presentation in, 170 computed tomography in, D dimer in, 175 diagnostic imaging modalities in, differential diagnosis of, 166, 169, 170, 171 evidence-based medicine approach to, extra-abdominal examination in, 173 guarding in, 172 in geriatric patient, abnormalities in, disposition in, 371 extra-abdominal causes of, general approach to, history-taking in, 364 imaging in, 364 in appendicitis, 368 in biliary tract disease, 366, 367 in constipation, 370 in diverticular disease, in large-bowel obstruction, in malignancy, 370 in pancreatitis, in peptic ulcer disease, 367 in small-bowel obstruction, 365 pharmacology-related, 371 physical examination in, 364 treatment and disposition in, 365 in immunocompromised patients, intestinal fatty acid binding protein in, 175 laboratory testing in, lactate elevations and, lipase/amylase/liver function tests in, 176 location of, lower, onset of, 166 outside factors and, 167, 168 Emerg Med Clin N Am 34 (2016) /16/$ see front matter ª 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. emed.theclinics.com

2 426 Index Abdominal (continued) pain medication in, palpation in, 171 past history and, pediatric, causes of, 342, , 357 constipation in, 345 diagnosis and workup in, 345 epidemiology of, history-taking in, 342 imaging in, 344 management of, 345 physical examination in, 342, 343, 345 physical appearance and, 169, 170 physical examination in, plain radiographs in, presenting illness in, procalcitonin in, 175 radiation in, 167 rebound tenderness in, 172 rectal examination in, 173, 174 right upper quadrant, evaluating patient with, special examination techniques in, therapeutic management and disposition in, ultrasound in, vital signs in, 169, 170 white blood cell count in, 174 Abdominal pain mimics, cannot miss diagnoses of, requiring urgent evaluation, unusual conditions causing, Adrenal crisis, as abdominal pain mimic, 416 Amanita intoxication, as abdominal pain mimic, Amebic colitis, 380 Anal fissures, 255, 256 clinical features of, 255 management of, 256 pathology of, 255 Anastomatic stenosis, as complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 398 Angioedema, hereditary, as abdominal pain mimic, 414 Anorectal abscesses/cryptitis, clinical features of, 257 management of, pathophysiology of, Anorectal complaints, in emergency department, Anorectal fistula, 258 Aortic aneurysm, abdominal, anatomy/pathophysiology of, causes/risk factors for, 333 clinical findings in, imaging studies in, 334, 335 rupture of, locations of, 333 treatment of, 335 Aortoenteric fistulas, clinical findings in, 336

3 Index 427 imaging studies in, pathophysiology of, 336 treatment of, 337 Appendicitis, acute, , 243 antibiotics in, 235, 236 diagnosis of, disparities in, 230 epidemiology of, imaging in, in special populations, 231 laboratory testing in, 232 mimics of, 231, 232 synptoms of, treatment of, 235 diagnosis and workup in, in geriatric patient, abdominal pain in, 368 management of, 354 pitfalls of, 354 B Band erosion, as complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, 401 Band slippage and gastric prolapse, as complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, 401 Bariatric surgery, incidence of, inclusion criteria for, procedures for, mixed malabsortive/restrictive, surgical complications of, Bariatric surgery patient, acute abdominal pain in, cholelithiasis in, 395 postoperative bleeding in, small bowel obstruction in, 396 surgical site infection in, 395 with abdominal pain, in emergency department, Biliary pancreatic diversion, without and with duodenal switch, Biliary system, disorders of, Biliary tract disease, in geriatric patient, abdominal pain in, 366, 367 Black widow spider envenomation, as abdominal pain mimic, Bowel, large, obstruction of, in geriatric patient, abdominal pain in, small, obstruction of, in bariatric surgery patient, 396 in geriatric patient, abdominal pain in, 365 C Celiac disease, diarrhea in, 305 Chemotherapy, neutropenia related to, 383 Children, abdominal pain in. See Abdominal pain, pediatric. Cholelithiasis, in bariatric surgery patient, 395 Clostridium difficile, Compartment syndrome, abdominal, in immunocompromised patients, 383

4 428 Index Congestive heart failure, as abdominal pain mimic, 412 Coronary syndrome, acute, as abdominal pain mimic, 411 Crohn s disease, management of, 239 Cytomegalovirus, 379 D Diabetic ketoacidosis, as abdominal pain mimic, Diarrhea, acute, bacterial causes of, children with, treatment of, definition of, 294 infectious etiologies of, persistent and chronic etiologies of, symptoms and exposures in, 295 dehydration in, diagnosis and management of, diagnostic considerations in, 293 history and physical examination in, 295 in celiac disease, 305 in HIV and AIDS, parasitic, 303 stool studies in, 295, 296 traveler s, 301 Diverticular disease, in geriatric patient, abdominal pain in, Diverticulitis, , 243 antibiotics in, 241 diagnosis of, epidemiology of, management of, signs and symptoms of, 240 Dumping syndrome, as complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 398 Duodenum, anatomy of, 213, 215 Dyspepsia, , 194 medical management options for, 193 E Enterocolitis, necrotizing, diagnosis and workup in, 351 management of, pitfalls of, 352 neutropenic, Epigastric pain, approach to patients with, Epilepsy, abdominal, as cause of abdominal pain, 419 Esophageal emergency(ies), Boerhaave syndrome, caustic ingestions as, 198 eosinophilic esophagitis, 200 esophagitis, 199 food bolus impaction as,

5 Index 429 pediatric, 198 in special populations, Esophagitis, 199 as complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, 400 Boerhaave syndrome, eosinophilic, 200 G Gallbladder, anatomy of, , 214 disease of, with stones, 221 Gastric leak, as complication of sleeve gastrectomy, 402 Gastric remnant dilatation, as complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 398 Gastric stenosis, as complication of sleeve gastrectomy, 402 Gastroesophageal dilatation, as complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, 401 Gastroesophageal reflux disease, as complication of sleeve gastrectomy, Gastrointestinal bleeding, age and, 315 angiography in, 319 antibiotics in, 318 anticoagulation reversal in, 317 balloon tamponade in, 318 blood urea nitrogen:creatinine ratio in, 315 colonoscopy in, 319 epidemiology of, etilologies of, 310 history and physical examination in, 312 imaging in, incidence of, 310, 311 laboratory studies in, 312 localization of bleed in, 313 nasogastric tube aspiration in, 315 nuclear scan in, 319 platelet transfusion in, 317 prediction scores in, prognosis in, 311 proton pump inhibitor in, 317 red blood cell transfusion in, 316 risk stratification of, somatostatin/octreotide in, 317 stool examination in, 315 tranexamine acid in, 318 treatment of, upper, clinical decision rules for, 314 endoscopy in, 318 vasopressin in, Gastrointestinal disorders, functional, diagnosis and workup in,

6 430 Index Gastrointestinal tract, lower, anatomy of, 252 Gastroparesis, causes of, 282 evaluation of, in emergency department, 283 pathophysiology of, 282 presentation and diagnosis of, symptoms of, 281 treatment of, , 287 Geriatric patient, abdominal pain in. See Abdominal pain, in geriatric patient. Gonadal torsion, diagnosis and workup in, pitfalls of, 356 Graft-versus-host disease, in immunocompromised patients, 383 H Hematologic malignancies, as abdominal pain mimic, Hemorrhoids, clinical features of, 253 internal and external, anatomy of, 253 management of, pathophysiology of, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, as cause of abdominal pain, 418 Hernia, internal, as complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 399 ventral incisional, as complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 399 Hiatal hernia, as complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, Human immunodeficiency virus/aids, diagnostic considerations in, opportunistic infections in, 379 I Immunocompromised patient(s), abdominal pain in, classification of, 378 opportunistic infections in, treatment regimen complications in, Inflammatory bowel disease, clinical presentation of, emergency department treatment of, epidemiology of, 236 intestinal manifestations of, 237 management of, side effects of medications in, 239 Inguinal hernia, incarcerated, diagnosis and workup in, management of, 355 pitfalls of, 355 Intestinal epithelium, 294 Intragastric dual-balloon, 393 Intussusception, diagnosis and workup in, management of, pitfalls of, 349

7 Index 431 L Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, 392 complications of, Lemierres syndrome, as cause of abdominal pain, Liver, anatomy of, 211, 212 disorders of, functions of, 213, 215 Lyme disease, as cause of abdominal pain, 419 M Malrotation, diagnosis and workup in, management of, 351 pitfalls of, 351 with or without midgut volvulus, Mesenteric ischemia, abdominal aorta anatomy and, 328 clinical findings in, 329 etiology of, , 332 imaging studies in, laboratory studies in, pathophysiology and, 328 treatment of, Metoclopramide, in gastroparesis, 284 Migraine, abdominal, as cause of abdominal pain, 420 Mycobacterium avium complex, 379 O Obesity, conventional therapy in, 388 incidence of, 388 Organ, solid, transplant of, immunosuppression in, diagnostic considerations in, 381 infections and, postoperative complications of, Ovarian torsion, P Pain, abdominal. See Abdominal pain. Pancreas, anatomy of, , 215 disorders of, 217 Pancreatitis, acute, BISAP score and, causes of, 201 complications of, 202 diagnosis of, 202, 203 management of, 206, 207 medications causing, 201 SOFA score and, 203, 204

8 432 Index Pancreatitis (continued) hemorrhagic, 206 in geriatric patient, abdominal pain in, in immunocompromised patients, 382 necrotizing, 205 Peptic ulcer disease, in geriatric patient, abdominal pain in, 367 Peptic ulcer disease/gastritis, complications of, Pilonidal abscesses/cysts, clinical findings in, 259 management of, 259 pathophysiology of, 258 Pneumonia, community-acquired, as abdominal pain mimic, 413 Polyarteritis nodosa, as cause of abdominal pain, 418 Porphyria, acute intermittent, as cause of abdominal pain, Port infection, as complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, 402 Proctalgia fugax, 260 Proctitis, causes of, 268 Pruritus ani, clinical findings in, 261 management of, 261, 262 pathophysiology of, 260 Pulmonary embolism, as abdominal pain mimic, 412 Pyloric stenosis, diagnosis and workup in, management of, 347 R Rectal cancer, clinical findings in, 267 management of, 268 Rectal prolapse, Rectal sexually transmitted infections, , Rectal trauma, clinical findings in, management of, 264 pathophysiology of, 263 Rectum, foreign bodies in, Right upper quadrant, abdominal pathology in, 218 anatomy of, 211 disorders of, differential diagnosis of, management and treatment of, medical management of, surgical treatment of, 224 pain, computed tomography in, 222, 223 differentiation of, signs and symptoms for, 219 imaging in, 220, laboratory testing in, 220 nonabdominal causes of, physical examination in, plain radiographs in, ultrasound in, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 389, 390 complications of,

9 Index 433 S Sexually transmitted infections, rectal, , Sickle cell disease, as abdominal pain mimic, Sleeve gastrectomy, 392, 393 complications of, Small bowel obstruction, , 286 causes of, 273, 274, 275 evaluation of, in emergency department, 275, 276 pathophysiology of, treatment of, Stomach, neuromuscular activity in response to food, 283 Stomal obstruction, as complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, Stool guaiac testing, indications for, 192 Systemic lupus erythematosus, as cause of abdominal pain, 418 T Testicular torsion, 356 Tuberculosis, abdominal, 380 as cause of abdominal pain, 419 U Ulcerative colitis, medical management of, 238 Ulcers, marginal or stomal, as complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, V Variceal bleeding, 319 Varicella zoster, as cause of abdominal pain, 419 Vascular catastrophes, abdominal, Vomiting, cyclic, , 286 differential diagnosis of, 279 evaluation of, in emergency department, 280 pathophysiology of, presentation and diagnosis of, treatment of, differential diagnosis of, 272 Vomiting patient, approach to,