Background and Context Agricultural Research Service USDA Office of Homeland Security EOP Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation NRF Research Scientist Lives

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Elisabeth Thornton
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1 Modern livestock disease diagnosis technologies of relevance to the WLI Floyd P. Horn, Ph.D. Amman, Jordan December 13, 2011

2 Background and Context Agricultural Research Service USDA Office of Homeland Security EOP Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation NRF Research Scientist Livestock Grazing Systems Rapid identification of Pathogens

3 Charge past, current and future perspectives of early and rapid technologies in animal disease diagnosis/control, Global importance of zoonotics, naturally occurring and intentionally i introduced, Particular opportunities in developing countries

4 Outline Importance of livestock Disease challenges Leap frog technologies (2 examples) Preminary suggestions

5 Focus Pathogen detection Human disease Animal disease Plant disease Food security Chronology

6 Human (Food and Water) Threat Issues Campylobacter jejuni (bacteria) Botulinum toxin (toxin)* Escherichia coli 0157:H7 (bacteria) Vibrio i cholera (bacteria) Listeria monocytogenes (bacteria) Rotavirus (virus) Salmonella (bacteria) Shigella (bacteria)

7 Livestock Threat Issues Animal Pathogens of Concern Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Newcastle Disease Virus (highly pathogenic strains) Avian Influenza (highly pathogenic strains) Classical Swine Fever (or Hog Cholera) Rinderpest African Swine Fever Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Blue Tongue Virus Lumpy Skin Disease Rift Valley Fever

8 Prevent catistrophic losses from animal disease in the livestock industry National Animal ID systems-??? Recognition of the threat by national health agencies Flawless and rapid pathogen detection Ability to model the spread Implement a coordinated response Alternative containment measures Willingness to support recovery

9 Rapid Diagnostics A Critical Technology oogy In Disease Detection & Identification ARS received FY01 funding for rapid diagnostics research. RT-PCR primer sets developed for many critical animal and plant disease agents. Further development facilitated incorporation of technology into diagnostic laboratories across U.S. Testing of field portable RT-PCR machines, domestically and overseas, facilitate acceptance and assistance in validation of technology. AFMD RT-PCR tests performed in field in South America. Anthrax RT-PCR tests being performed by USDA in support of other federal agencies in Washington, DC

10 R.A.P.I.D. Ruggedized Advanced Pathogen Identification Device Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - based gene detection

11 RAPID Current Data Distribution Web Browser RAPID Remote Viewer (RRV) Subject Matter Expert (SME)

12 Secure Data Transfer, Storage and Integration, and Notification USDA Data Collection Locations Encrypted Test Result Data LEADERS Secure Server RAPIDs Encrypted Data Server/Repository Map Support Reports Wireless Alerting Mgmt. Sites USDA Command Center State & Local Vet. Departments

13 Global Disease Initiatives World Health Organisation OIE IAEA PAHO NGO s National Laboratories Etc.

Transformation of Diagnostic Testing for Infectious

Pathogen Gene Sequencing Clark Tibbetts, PhD Joint

Agriculture Upcoming Technologies for Early and Rapid

Centre, Austria 18 May 2011 TessArae, LLC 46090 Lake

14 Transformation of Diagnostic Testing for Infectious Diseases by Highly Multiplexed, Cost-Effective Targeted Pathogen Gene Sequencing Clark Tibbetts, PhD Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Technologies in Food and Agriculture Upcoming Technologies for Early and Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases Vienna International Centre, Austria 18 May 2011 TessArae, LLC Lake Center Plaza Suite 304 Potomac Falls, VA

Infectious Disease Testing Surrogate Technologies for Microbial Culture Mass Spec The Old Gold Standard: Viral & BacT Culture Microarrays IBIS-T5000

15 Infectious Disease Testing Surrogate Technologies for Microbial Culture Mass Spec The Old Gold Standard: Viral & BacT Culture Microarrays IBIS-T5000 Complexity Costs Serology & Immunoassays Multiplex RT-PCR High Throughput Sequencers Does increasing i raw data volume assure increased value of derived information?

16 Emerging g Infections Outpost (2009) Mercy Hospital Laboratory, Bo, Sierra Leone 1,200 sq ft facility being constructed with $20K startup from HCW Refurbished lab equipment obtained from surplus and corporate donations Initial capabilites will include microscopy, microbial culture, and basic blood chemistry Biosafety Level II w/ eventual Level III

A Standard Today for Future Microbial Diagnostics TessArae, LLC TessArray RPM TEI v1.

1 Respiratory Pathogen Panel P/N: 520 191 TessArray TessArae, LLC TessArray RPM HFV v1.

tests Simple and familiar protocol, minimal platform-specific re-training Increasingly automated instrument systems to reduce labor costs Fewer

Report Next day results in high throughput batch processing Sensitivity - LoD ~ 100 virus particles or bacterial cells per assay Less likely

and previously unknown strains and variants Reveals functional domains (e.g.

17 A Standard Today for Future Microbial Diagnostics TessArae, LLC TessArray RPM TEI v1.0 Tropical and Emergent Pathogens P/N: TessArray TessArae, LLC TessArray RPM Flu v3.1 Respiratory Pathogen Panel P/N: TessArray TessArae, LLC TessArray RPM HFV v1.0a Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses Filovirus Panel P/N: TessArray Economy Total cost of operation similar to running panel of 2 to 5 (RT)PCR tests Simple and familiar protocol, minimal platform-specific re-training Increasingly automated instrument systems to reduce labor costs Fewer missed diagnoses than single target testing Speed and Sensitivity of PCR-Like Amplification Same day results - receipt of specimen to Analysis Report Next day results in high throughput batch processing Sensitivity - LoD ~ 100 virus particles or bacterial cells per assay Less likely false negative results from natural target genome variations Highly Informative Specificity of Sequencing-based Diagnostics Distinguishes known and previously unknown strains and variants Reveals functional domains (e.g. virulence, drug resistance, host range) Zero false positives - no sequencing possible unless template is in specimen Broad Scope of Applications Human and animal infectious disease diagnosis and vaccines Biomaterial and pharmaceutical product quality assurance Public health epidemiology and outbreak tracking Biodefense screening and surveillance, detection of engineered genomes

18 Point of Contact: Dr. Billy Cook, Director Ag Division, i i SRNF bjcook@noble.org

21 So, I have two preliminary i suggestions: First: Work collectively to seek the highest level of laboratory support. Second: Engage selective partners having experience with drought or in dry areas. (i.e. Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation) I look forward to these meetings and will, I am sure, have more to add later.

22 شكرا لكم جميعا Merci Thank you

Which Diseases? Zoonotic diseases Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Rabies Rift Valley Fever (RVF) etc...

Which Diseases? Zoonotic diseases Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Rabies Rift Valley Fever (RVF) etc... What is GLEWS? The Global Early Warning and Response System for Major Animal Diseases including Zoonoses is a joint FAO, OIE and WHO initiative which combines the strengths of the three organizations to