REGIONAL UPDATE ON ZOONOTIC DISEASES & SURVEY RESULTS

Transcription

1 REGIONAL UPDATE ON ZOONOTIC DISEASES & SURVEY RESULTS Yooni Oh OIE Regional Representation for Asia and the Pacific

2 General mandate of the OIE General mandate of the OIE: to improve animal health and animal welfare worldwide One of the OIE s main objective To ensure transparency in the global animal disease situation, including zoonosis

3 OIE s Disease Reporting System Six-monthly reports Presence/absence Control measures Quantitative information OIE s early warning system International alert OIE s monitoring system messages Rapid response Immediate notification Follow-up reports Final report Annual report Zoonoses Animal population Veterinary Services National Reference Laboratories Diagnostic tests Vaccines Wildlife report For OIE-listed diseases For Non OIE-listed diseases (voluntary)

4 OIE: Disease data collection/sharing 1920s Governments notify by telegram the first cases of Rinderpest, Foot and mouth disease, etc., to the OIE 2015 All Member Countries are connected online to a central server providing WAHID public interface TRANSPARENCY, EFFICIENCY, SPEED

5 OIE: Disease data collection/sharing Reporting countries/territories through WAHIS Reporting Member countries in 1924 Member countries in 2015

6 OIE: Disease data collection/sharing Diseases grouped in one single List Diseases reported in 1924 Diseases grouped by Lists A & B until 2004

7 Immediate notifications in Asia-Pacific 2014 and 2015 (upto 24 Aug 2015) HPAI FMD CSF LPAI Inf. with Perkinsus olseni Sheep pox and goat pox ASF Bluetongue PED Rabbit haem. disease Rabies Cont. equine metritis Crayfish plague Duck virus hepatitis Eq. rhinopneumonitis Inf. with Bonamia ostreae Inf. coronavirus in camels Inf. with ranavirus Lumpy skin disease PPR PRRS Q fever Most frequent: HPAI (38) FMD (12) CSF (5) LPAI(5) Emerging: PED MERS Reoccurrence First occurrence Unexpected change in distribution/incidence/virule nce/morbidity/mortality New strain New host or unsual host Emerging disease 84 notifications

8 Submission times for OIE-listed diseases, Asia, the Far East and Oceania, 2014 and 2015 Immediate notifications Submission time (days after confirmation of the event) Follow-up reports Submission time (weeks after confirmation) 8 to 21 days 18% > 21 days 12% 0 to 1 day 37% > 3 weeks 27% 1 week 44% 2 to 7 days 33% 3 weeks 10% 2 weeks 19%

9 Six-monthly reports for terrestrial animal diseases as of 24 August 2015 Out of the Member Countries of the Regional Commission : 89% submitted both six-monthly reports for % submitted the first six-monthly report for 2015 Member Countries with outstanding reports are encouraged to submit them as soon as possible so that their animal health information can be updated

10 ZOONOSES UPDATE M. Periasamy Keiko Yoshioka Agencies G. Libeau/CIRAD

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12 1. Zoonoses situation A total of 48 zoonoses reported in 2015

13 2. Top 5 Priority zoonotic diseases

14 M. Periasamy 1. Infection with rabies virus 2. Infection Anthrax 3. Infection with avian influenza viruses 4. Infection Leptospirosis 5. Infection with Brucellosis

15 Distribution of infection with rabies virus in Asia, the Far East and Oceania between 1 January 2014 and 24 August Members (62%)

16 Control measures applied for infection with rabies virus between 1 January 2014 and 24 August 2015 Copyright 2015, World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department OIE 94%

17 Control measures applied for infection with rabies virus between 1 January 2014 and 24 August 2015 Copyright 2015, World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department OIE 85%

18 No. of rabies cases in domestic animals: 2014 and 2015 (as of 24 August 2015) Rabies cases reported in dogs and cats (4 902 in total) Rabies cases reported in livestock (7 034 in total) Other Iran countries 160 Vietnam Thailand 390 Philippines 639 Russia 786 India 2588 Russia 297 Mongolia 579 Nepal 111 Sri Lanka Iran Other countries countries reported rabies present in domestic animals, among them only 15 reported quantitative data India 5494

19 Control measures applied for infection with rabies virus between 1 January 2014 and 24 August 2015 Copyright 2015, World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department OIE

20 No. of rabies cases in wildlife: 2014 and 2015 (as of 24 August 2015) Golden jackal 11 Palla s cat 4 Chinese ferretbadger 135 Grey wolf 42 Red fox 239

21 Conclusions Countries control efforts mainly targeting domestic animals, however there is still a room to improve the quality of information. Mass vaccination of dogs is the control measure of choice to interrupt animal-human infectious cycle Few countries providing data for wildlife: lack of surveillance in wild populations The OIE encourages Members to increase efforts into surveillance programs and combat underreporting

22 UC Berkeley 1. Infection with rabies virus 2. Infection Anthrax 3. Infection with avian influenza viruses 4. Infection Leptospirosis 5. Infection with Brucellosis

23 Distribution of Anthrax in Asia, the Far East and Oceania between Jul 2014 Jun 2015 Jul-Dec 2014 Jan-Jun 2015

24 Agencies 1. Infection with rabies virus 2. Infection Anthrax 3. Infection with avian influenza viruses 4. Infection Leptospirosis 5. Infection with Brucellosis

25 Distribution of reported cases of infection with avian influenza H5 subtypes in Asia, the Far East and Oceania, in 2014 and 2015 (as of 24 August 2015) 14 countries/ territories

26 Distribution of reported cases of infection with avian influenza H7 subtypes in Asia, the Far East and Oceania, in 2014 and 2015 (as of 24 August 2015) 3 countries/ territories

27 Analysis of WAHIS data The production type (farm vs. backyard) can influence the disease dynamics?

28 Spatial distribution of the outbreaks used for the analysis

29 Spread of the event values relating to AI events, between 1 January 2014 and 24 August 2015 SPREAD: mean (km) 548 (backyard) vs 46 (farm) Wilcoxon test W = 7554, p-value < 0.001

30 Duration of the event values relating to AI events, between 1 January 2014 and 24 August 2015 DURATION: mean (days) 102 (backyard) vs 26 (farm) Wilcoxon test W = 9408, p-value < 0.001

31 Conclusions Significant influence of the production type on the dynamic and long term consequences of an AI event The quality of the information provided to the OIE is important for a better understanding of the epidemiology of this disease

32 1. Infection with rabies virus 2. Infection Anthrax 3. Infection with avian influenza viruses 4. Infection Leptospirosis 5. Infection with Brucellosis

33 Distribution of Leptospirosis in Asia, the Far East and Oceania between Jul 2005 Jun 2015

34 North Carolina Department of Agriculture 1. Infection with rabies virus 2. Infection Anthrax 3. Infection with avian influenza viruses 4. Infection Leptospirosis 5. Infection with Brucellosis

35 Distribution of infection with Brucella abortus in 2014 and early % of reporting countries/territories affected

36 % of countries reporting infection with Brucella abortus, between 2005 and 2014 Number of countries % % of countries affected 55% 50% st sem. 2nd sem. 1st sem. 2nd sem. 1st sem. 2nd sem. 1st sem. 2nd sem. 1st sem. 2nd sem. 1st sem. 2nd sem. 1st sem. 2nd sem. 1st sem. 2nd sem. 1st sem. 2nd sem. 52% 1st sem. 2nd sem. 45% Countries reporting the disease present % Affected reporting countries Spearman rank correlation = 2008, p = 0.02; rho = Countries reporting the disease absent General improvement of the global situation

37 Distribution of infection with Brucella abortus in Asia, the Far East and Oceania between Jul 2014 Jun 2015 Jul-Dec 2014 Jan-Jun 2015

38 Brucellosis (Brucella abortus): Conclusions Infection widespread but the global situation improved between 2005 and 2014 Severe consequences in affected countries but several tools exist to control the disease The regular implementation of these measures across years contributes significantly to the decrease of cases and losses in cattle The OIE recommends Members to implement proper and regular surveillance and control of infection with Brucella abortus

39 3. National One Health Mechanism With national OH coordination in the country OH coordination mechanism legally recognized Yes No Yes No

40 4. Operationalization of national one health co-ordination mechanism Meeting regularly Meeting frequencies Yes No Once a year 2-5 times a year Once a month

41 4. Operationalization of national one health co-ordination mechanism Sharing information Joint investigation/reduce duplication of work 87% of countries found the OH co-ordination mechanism useful in your country Joint activities (investigation/sharing expertise/meetings) Raise awareness of OH 91% of countries noticed OH coordination mechanism resulting in changes in the countries

42 4. Operationalization of national one health co-ordination mechanism 48% of countries receive funding for national OH coordination meeting 52% of countries receive funding for OH activities other than meeting Funding for National OH coordination meeting and other activities Government fundings Donors (OIE/ WHO/ FAO etc) OH coordination meeting OH activities other than meeting Other donors

43 5. Key supporting elements for One Health Coordination 16 Key elements for OH coordination Political will and high level commitment Trust Common objectives and priorities Recognition of shared benefits Non existing Weak Moderate Strong

44 5. Key supporting elements for One Health Coordination Key elements for OH coordination Strong governance structures, sligned legal grameworks and recognition of exisitng interational standards Adequate and equitably distributed resources Identification and involvement of all relevant partners Co-ordinated planning of activities Non existing Weak Moderate Strong

45 5. Key supporting elements for One Health Coordination 16 Key elements for OH coordination Guidance on implementation of crosssectoral collaboration Capacity development Non existing Weak Moderate Strong Strong and effective health systems within the individual sectors

46 5. Key operational elements for One Health Coordination 14 Key elements for OH coordination Joint cross-sectoral coordination mechanism Routine comunication (between A-H-E sectors) No Rarely and irregualr Rarely but regular Frequent and regular Joint simulation exercise

47 5. Key operational elements for One Health Coordination Key elements for OH coordination Data sharing Joint risk assessment Active cooperation on disease control programmes No Rarely and irregular rarely but regular Frequent and regular

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49 Communication between Members Article of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code Responsibilities in case of an incident related to importation There is an obligation for the Veterinary Authority of the exporting country to notify the importing country in order to be made the corresponding epidemiological investigations.

50 Thank you for your kind attention! 50