CSF eradication strategies in Japan

Transcription

1 OIE regional workshop on Preparation and Submission of Dossiers for the Official Recognition of CSF Free Status and for the Endorsement of National Official Control Programme for FMD in Asia and the Pacific Tokyo, Japan, June 2017 CSF eradication strategies in Japan Daisuke TSUKAMOTO (D.V.M) Deputy Director International Animal Health Affairs Office Animal Health Division Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), JAPAN

2 farms Cattle Dairy:17,000 Beef :52,000 Hog : 4,800 Poultry Egg : 2,400 Broiler: 2,400 Farms Implementation System of animal and public health Veterinarians for livestock Report of outbreak Agricultural Mutual Relief Associations etc. 2,235 Private Veterinarians for livestock 1,855 Abattoirs Livestock Hygiene Service Center Total Number : 170 Veterinarian :2,069 (as of 1 April 2016) Local Government (47Prefectures) Meat Inspection Center Total Number:112 Veterinarian:2,392 National Institute of Animal Health MAFF Coordination & Cooperation MHLW National Institute of Infectious Disease

3 171 centers 2,093 veterinarians Prefectural Livestock Hygiene Service Center

4 Act on Domestic Animal Infectious Diseases Control Purpose Subjects Target Diseases To promote livestock industry by preventing and controlling the outbreak or spread of domestic animal infectious diseases Cloven hoofed animals, horses, poultry, dog, rabbits, honeybees ( the animal ), animal products such as bone, meat, skin and fur, and grain straw and hay for feed 28 domestic animal infectious diseases for which compulsory control measures are taken; FMD, Rinderpest, CSF, TSE, HPAI and others ( the disease ), 71 notifiable infectious diseases; Bluetongue, cattle leukemia, Porcine epidemic diarrhea, Varroosis and others

5 1. History of CSF eradication in Japan

6 Chronology of CSF in Japan Eradication Program Early Stage s 1980s st CSF case was detected in a pig imported from the US Attenuated live CSF vaccine was developed and allowed to use in Japan The number of CSF cases was sharply decreased. CSF cases were resurged due to negligence of vaccination The last cases of CSF in Japan in pref. Start of CSF eradication system establishment project (5 years) Ban of vaccination in October (except for licensed vaccination) Specific Domestic Animal Infectious Disease Quarantine Guidelines for CSF Complete ban of vaccination (Nation wide) CSF Free (2007 Apr)

7 Early stage of CSF eradication 1. Development of effective live vaccine 2. Establishment of Voluntary disease prevention Association to improve vaccination rate

8 Vaccination rate and number of outbreaks Inactivate vaccine (formalin or crystal violet) Live vaccine (GP vaccine) Eradication Program Last outbreak (1992)

9 Improvement of Biosecurity Backyard pig holder Garbage (Waste food) High quality commercial farm Formula feed (feed company) Heat processed garbage ration

10 2. Eradication Program of CSF

11 Favorable situation for starting Eradication CSF had been eradicated in USA, UK et al. CSF was the leading candidate for eradication Significant decrease in outbreak of CSF No outbreak since 1993 Cost reduction of vaccination A total of $40 million by the year

12 Three Phase Eradication Program Phase 1 (Apr Mar. 1999) Increasing na on wide vaccination levels Confirming na on wide free from CSF Phase 2 (Apr Sept. 2000) Prohibi on of vaccina on (by each pref.) Phase 3 (Oct ) Prohibi on of vaccina on (Nation wide) with exceptions permitted by a prefectural governor (Strengthen import restriction) 2006 Total ban of vaccination

13 Vaccination Levels (%) Phase Phase Phase

14 1. Consensus building among stakeholders Eradica on commi ees in all pref. 2. Prompt reporting of suspicious case Educa on, compensatory measure 3. Quick and reliable diagnosis Staff training, equipment maintenance 4. Preparation for emergency operations Con ngency plan and emergency vaccine stock

15 Vaccine stock for emergency (1 million dose) 500,000dose 500,000dose

16 Compensatory measure (as of the day) Compensation under the law Infected animal : 1/3 of market price Suspected animal : 4/5 of market price Voluntary mutual aid scheme (enrollment rate : 80%) Support for resump on of management ( Government loan scheme with Low interest )

17 Surveillance to confirm free status from CSF ( ) Passive Ag negative from 19,471 pigs in sick Active Ab negative in 896,011 domestic pigs Ab negative in 12,171 wild boar (By Prefectural Livestock Hygiene Service Centers)

18 FY2006 March Guideline for special prevention measure for CSF April Vaccination was totally banned (Vaccine stock for emergency :1 million dose) April 2007 CSF free

19 Collateral effect of eradication program Strengthening of disease control system System is applicable to other diseases Improvement of animal hygiene & Bio security on farm Reduc on in morbidity of other diseases Reduction of the cost for animal health Aujeszky s Disease eradication program is on going

20 Background for successful eradication 1. Development of effective vaccine 2. Intensive Vaccination and Stamping out with workable framework 3. Improving of Farm Bio security

21 OIE Official Recognition of CSE Free States 1. Japan submitted dossier in September 2014 as OIE announced CSE Free States Recognition is commenced at the next GS. 2. Japan listed as one out of 23 first CSF free countrys in 2015.

22 Thank you for your attention

23 Executive Summary of the Dossier 1/8 Japan is applying for recognition of status as a classical swine fever (CSF) free country.japan fulfills the criteria in Article and of the Terrestrial Code and, therefore considered to be free from classical swine fever. Namely, 1) CSF is notifiable in the whole territory, and all pigs showing clinical signs suggestive of CSFare subjected to appropriate field or laboratory investigations; 2) an ongoing awareness programme is in place to encourage reporting of all cases suggestive ofcsf; 3) the Veterinary Authority has current knowledge of, and authority over, the animal health of all domestic and captive wild pig herds in the country;

24 Executive Summary of the Dossier 2/8 4) the Veterinary Authority has current knowledge about the population and habitat of wild and feral pigs in the country; 5) for domestic and captive wild pigs, appropriate surveillance in accordance with Articles to is in place; 6) for wild and feral pigs, a surveillance programme is in place according to Article , taking into account the presence of natural and artificial boundaries, the ecology of the wild and feral pig population, and an assessment of the risks of disease spread; 7) Based on the assessed risk of spread within the wild and feral pig population, and according to Article , the domestic and captive wild pig population is separated from the wild and feral pig population;

25 Executive Summary of the Dossier 3/8 8) surveillance in accordance with Articles to has been in place for more than 8 years; 9) there has been no outbreak of CSF in domestic and captive wild pigs since 1992; 10) no evidence of infection with CSFV has been found in domestic and captive wild pigs since2004; 11) no vaccination against CSF has been carried out in domestic and captive wild pigs since April 2006; 12) imported pigs and pig commodities comply with the requirements in Articles to

26 Executive Summary of the Dossier 4/8 CSF eradication, diagnosis and surveillance The first CSF case occured in 1887, which was originated from an imported pig. CSF was designated as a notifiable disease in 1897 and CSF outbreaks surged in parallel to the growth of pig industry. Application of CSF GPE- attenuated live vaccine started in 1969 and the number of outbreaks had dramatically decreased. Sporadic outbreaks continued until the last one observed in 1992 at Kumamoto prefecture.

27 Executive Summary of the Dossier 5/8 CSF eradication, diagnosis and surveillance The three-step national eradication campaign was initiated in The first step was intensive vaccination campaign and initiation of the active surveillance. The second step was a gradual prefecturalbased cessation of vaccination from The third step was a nation-wide vaccination ban which exceptionally allowed prefecturalbased vaccination, and intensification of the import control from 2000.

28 Executive Summary of the Dossier 6/8 CSF eradication, diagnosis and surveillance During the campaign, positive cases were detected in Kagoshima prefecture in 2004, which was caused by a virus derived from a vaccine strain. Vaccination was completely prohibited in 2006 and Japan declared freedom from CSF in Between 2006 and 2013, active serological surveillances were conducted for more than 320 thousand pigs and wild boars and CSF testings were conducted for all the sick pigs and captive wild boars, more than 15 thousand in total, submitted for differential laboratory diagnosis, and all had negative test results.

29 Executive Summary of the Dossier 7/8 CSF prevention Japan authorizes import of live pigs, semen and embryos or fresh pig products only from countries or zones where Japan recognizes as being free from specific contagious livestock diseases including CSF. Live pigs are only imported from countries where vaccination is prohibited and the pigs are quarantined for at least 15 days on arrival. Waste from international traffic is properly diposed and the swills to be fed to the pigs are properly processed.

30 Executive Summary of the Dossier 8/8 Control measures and contingency planning According to the Domestic Animal Infectious Disease Control Law and relavant MAFF Ordinance, biosecurity standards for the farms with pigs and captive wild boars prescribe the owners to take necessary measures to prevent introduction of pathogens from wild life. Contingency planning are linked to the diagnosis and surveillance and prescribed together as a step by step procedural flow in the specific Guidelines and Manual for CSF control. GPEattenuated live vaccines are stocked to be used for emergency control, only in preparation to the failure of containment by stamping-out policy.