National strategy for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia control in Guinea

Transcription

1 boletin 05-3 ING-2 8/12/05 10:11 Página 58 National strategy for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia control in Guinea Translation of information received on 16 June 2005 from Dr Daouda Bangoura, Head of the Veterinary Services Division, National Directorate for Animal Production (DNE 1 ), Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Production, Conakry Since the country gained independence, the Veterinary Services have taken various actions to improve the health status of the country's livestock. Following the eradication of rinderpest disease (the last outbreaks were in 1967), contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) became one of the main animal health concerns. With the technical and financial support of the FAO 2 between 1974 and 1981, a CBPP control programme based on vaccination was developed and implemented. When the project came to an end, there were insufficient financial resources to maintain the control activities, thus compromising the work already achieved. This situation, coupled with a lack of cooperation from producers due to the compulsory marketing of livestock imposed by the government of the First Republic and the absence of any serological surveys or surveillance programmes, was responsible for the recrudescence of CBPP outbreaks recorded during the First Republic. For the control and eradication of CBPP, the Guinean Veterinary Services decided to implement different combinations of strategies according to the disease situation. In the majority of cases, epidemiological surveillance has been backed up by mass vaccination, movement control of cattle and stamping out. 1- DNE: Direction Nationale de l'elevage 2- FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 3- The last CBPP outbreak in the endemic zone was reported in August 2004 in Beyla prefecture. 4- In April 2005, one outbreak of CBPP was reported in the free zone, in Maferinya (Forecariah prefecture). Stamping out was applied. CBPP epidemiological zones From an operational point of view, a system of zoning has been applied at the national level, with four large zones according to their epidemiological status. These are as follows: An endemic zone. This covers the entire territory of Upper Guinea and a part of the Forest Region (Kissidougou and Beyla) 3. A buffer zone. This zone consists of the prefectures of Dinguiraye, Dabola and Faranah, within the endemic zone and bordering the free zone. Strict surveillance and prophylactic measures are applied in this zone and no cases of the disease have been reported for at least four years. A surveillance zone. This zone is contiguous with the buffer zone and is situated within the free zone. It covers the prefectures of Tougué, Mamou, Dalaba and Kindia. Following accidental contamination, draconian measures were applied in 1997, based on the systematic slaughter of all sick or serologically positive animals. A free zone. This zone includes the Forest Region, Lower Guinea and the central and north-western part of Middle Guinea. Drastic measures are applied in this zone 4. Independently of the national zoning system, temporary zoning is introduced on a local (sub-prefectural or prefectural) basis when an outbreak occurs in one of the large epidemiological zones and the appropriate regulatory animal health measures are applied. In the event of an outbreak, three zones are delineated: an infected zone, where the disease exists; a buffer zone; a surveillance zone

2 boletin 05-3 ING-2 8/12/05 10:11 Página 59 Guinea Bissau Senegal Mali Map of Guinea and map of zones for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia Atlantic Ocean regional limit sanitary cordon endemic zone free zone buffer zone surveillance Sierra Leone Liberia Côte d Ìvoire The extent of each of these zones is determined by the veterinary authority, taking into account geographical factors, the livestock production system, the density of the livestock population and the results of the epidemiological investigations associated with the outbreak, including tracing forward and tracing back. It should be noted that local zoning ceases once the outbreak has been eradicated and the zone in question regains its previous disease status. 5- CDS: Comités de Défense sanitaire 6- SPRA: Section Promotion des Ressources Animales (Animal Resources Promotion Section), representing the DNE at the prefectural level Actions undertaken in the different zones Endemic zone: mass annual vaccination of herds, performed by suitably licensed private veterinarians; epidemiological surveillance and strict movement control of cattle, performed by local veterinary officers, animal health protection committees (CDS 5 ), livestock farmers and farm auxiliaries; access to cattle markets in the zone prohibited to animals from Lower or Middle Guinea; improvement of epidemiological and economic knowledge relating to the disease. In the event of disease outbreaks occurring, the following measures are applied: census and confinement of all the animals in the outbreak and under the authority of the SPRA 6 ; clinical monitoring and implementation of two serological screening tests for the disease, at an interval of at least 21 days and a maximum of 30 days; slaughter in situ or at the nearest abattoir of sick and serologically positive animals under veterinary control; ring vaccination in and around the outbreak

3 boletin 05-3 ING-2 8/12/05 10:11 Página 60 Buffer zone epidemiological surveillance and animal movement control with the active participation of the public and private sectors, the CDS, and farm auxiliaries; systematic annual vaccination of bovine animals by private veterinarians; ban on the movement of animals to CBPP free regions of the country, unless they are transported in an adapted vehicle, to abattoirs under veterinary control; improvement of epidemiological and economic knowledge relating to the disease. In the event of disease outbreaks occurring, the following measures are applied: census and confinement of all the animals in the outbreak under the authority of the SPRA; clinical monitoring and implementation of two serological screening tests for the disease, at an interval of at least 21 days and a maximum of 30 days. slaughter in situ or at the nearest abattoir of sick and serologically positive animals under veterinary control; ring vaccination in and around the outbreak, performed twice at an interval of six months. Surveillance zone Drastic measures are applied in this zone. These are as follows: active surveillance (clinical, serological and abattoir) of herds; control of animal movements; In the event of an outbreak or confirmation of the disease by laboratory tests, the following measures will be applied: census, confinement and identification of all the animals in the outbreak by marking with a punch; systematic slaughter of herds with compensation to owners for slaughtered calves; closure of markets and a ban on all events involving cattle (shows, ploughing events, etc.); extensive epidemiological investigations on the circumstances surrounding the occurrence of the disease; systematic ring vaccination of livestock (if it has been established that there is a risk of the disease spreading) in accordance with the recommendations of the FAO/OIE/AU IBAR 7 Consultative Group and performed by authorised private veterinarians. T 1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T 1 2 months 6 months 1 year 1 year 5- CDS: Comités de Défense sanitaire 6- SPRA: Section Promotion des Ressources Animales (Animal Resources Promotion Section), representing the DNE at the prefectural level 7- AU IBAR; African Union Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources Free zone: control of cattle movements; active surveillance (clinical, serological and abattoir) of herds. In the event of an outbreak or laboratory confirmation of the disease, the following measures will be applied:

4 boletin 05-3 ING-2 8/12/05 10:11 Página 61 Courtesy of FANMEAT census, quarantine and identification by ear punch of all animals in the outbreak; systematic slaughter of herds with compensation to owners for slaughtered calves; closure of markets and a ban on all events involving cattle (shows, ploughing events, etc.); extensive epidemiological investigations on the circumstances surrounding the occurrence of the disease. Statutory and regulatory basis on 29 August 1995, the application of regulatory animal health measures was authorised under the terms of the law relating to the Code de l Elevage et des Produits Animaux (Law No. L/95/046/CTRN); on 23 September 1997, CBPP was included on the list of notifiable infectious diseases (Decree No. D/97/217/PRG/SGG); on 18 August 2003, rules governing the implementation of special animal health measures against CBPP were strengthened (Order No. A/2003/5962/MAE/CAB). Achievements in CBPP control The main achievements in the control of CBPP in Guinea are as follows: participation of livestock producers in the vaccination programme in spite of the postvaccinal reactions; livestock producers increasingly taking responsibility for the cost of vaccination. The cost of vaccination increased from 100 GNF per head in 1996 to 350 GNF in ; livestock producers organisations increasingly participating in the application of regulatory animal health measures (including slaughter) and movement control of cattle; a significant reduction in the number of outbreaks of the disease; the majority of livestock producers participating in the practice of tattooing and its use as a means of controlling the movement of cattle and tracing back in the event of outbreaks; transfer of CBPP vaccination to the private sector; less and less use of antibiotics by livestock producers to treat sick animals. 8- As an indication, 100 GNF = EUR or USD Conclusion Tremendous efforts are being made to control CBPP. Some are aimed at reducing the incidence of the disease to a level where its presence does not adversely affect the prosperity of livestock farming in the affected zones. Others involve more complex procedures combining drastic methods with vaccination

5 boletin 05-3 ING-2 8/12/05 10:11 Página 62 M. Banaszak. The success of all these efforts depends on the performance of the disease control system. The system in Guinea combines a public veterinary service (with a single chain of command) refocused on its prerogative functions, a private sector authorised to take part in national vaccination and disease surveillance campaigns, livestock producers organisations playing an active part in the CBPP control programme through their auxiliaries and CDS. This three-pronged system is the basis for the animal health network and provides an ideal framework for implementing the planned actions in accordance with the provisions of the Code de l élevage et des produits animaux and the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Self-declaration by Peru of freedom from avian influenza Excerpt from a letter dated 19 September by Dr Oscar Miguel Domínguez Falcón, Director, Dirección General de Sanidad Animal (SENASA), Lima, Peru, to Dr Bernard Vallat, Director General of OIE:...in the year 2001, Peru initiated a programme to prevent avian influenza, a notifiable disease, with regulations aimed at preventing the entry of this exotic poultry disease, since the infection has never been present nor has it been reported in our territory. Thus, the disease status of our country has been determined thanks to a continuous programme of surveillance and monitoring, pursuant to Chapter of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code. In this context, Peru is entitled to declare itself free of avian influenza before the World Animal Health Organisation, based on the joint efforts made by the official Veterinary Services and by poultry farmers. We are certain that such international recognition on the part of our international trading partners will result in a direct increase of farmers income, as will as a considerable strengthening of the negotiating power of our poultry products "