Yemen Republic MAI. 5 th Round Table For The Surveillance & Control of FMD in the Middle East, Beirut, Lebanon, 7-8 April 2009

Transcription

1 Yemen Republic MAI 5 th Round Table For The Surveillance & Control of FMD in the Middle East, Beirut, Lebanon, 7-8 April 2009

2 تهامة 1976 م العترة A 1978 م O صنعاء 1973 م O م O MECO 1990 م sat2 في العام 1999 م 98 حدثت جاي حة في جميع المحافظات تهامة 1979 م A&O ذمارAsia1 المخاء 1984 م Sat O

3 Epidemiological Situation of FMD in Yemen It is endemic disease in Yemen. Occur in sporadic or big outbreaks form every 3-4 years. It was diagnosed since more than 30 years (1973). 1973, 1974, widely seen & virus type O was isolated severe outbreak was appeared in Tehama &virus type A was isolated.

4 Epidemiological Situation of FMD in Yemen In 1977,1978 sporadic cases with limited impact were recorded ( virus type O was isolated ). In1979 FMD recorded in Tehama region after introduction of imported live animals from Africa ( virus type A&O isolated ). At the end of 1979 severe outbreak was recorded in Dhamar region ( Asia 1 type F&M was isolated ). In fluctuated incidence has been seen in diff. region ( increased whenever, more animals imported rather than the seasonal activity of the virus ).

5 Epidemiological Situation of FMD in Yemen At the end of 1983 severe outbreak was occurred in the mountainous areas,spread to the Teham coastal plain after: The heavy rainfall. And Blowing of severe monsoon rains. Virus type O was isolated. In 1984 FMD was diagnosed in Al-mokha Quarantine in imported live animals & virus type sat1 was isolated FMD were recorded in diff. gov. & virus type O was isolated. In 1990 clinical signs were noticed in Sudanese cattle at the Military economic corporation : o Samples were collected. o Sent to Pirbright (WRL). o Virus type Sat2 was isolated.

6 Epidemiological Situation of FMD in Yemen During sporadic cases were recorded (virus type O was isolated ) severe outbreak with a big economic impact was occurred (virus type O was isolated ) an outbreak with similar pattern to that occurred in This outbreak occurred after the introduction of huge number of imported Somalian cattle. Virus type A&O were isolated.

7 Epidemiological Situation of FMD in Yemen During 2000 & in the wake off RVF outbreak occurrence all surveillance works directed towards this disease. Few cases were reported from occasional occurrence may due to : o The restriction of animal movement during the RVF outbreak. o Ban of live animal importation from Africa at that time.

8 Epidemiological Situation of FMD in Yemen 2004 cases of FMD were suspected : o 34 samples were collected. o Sent to Pirbright (WRL). o Virus type O was isolated. During 2005,2006, 2007&2008 sporadic cases were recorded. At the end of 2008 samples were collected from suspected cases. 82 samples for virus characterization were sent in March We are waiting for the results.

9 Epidemiological Situation of FMD in Yemen Generally the disease fluctuated according to the monsoon in which : The cases increased during January March. Decreased during April and September. As the usual activities & multiplication of most of the viruses ( increased during winter and decreased during summer season ).

10 Factors assisted in disease dissemination Difficulty in restriction of animal movement and the absence of monitoring and inspection points. The new direction towards increasing of stocking herd in rearing & limitation in veterinary services and its absence in remote areas. Introduction of huge number of imported animals from Somalia in which the epidemiological situation unknown. no reaction from abattoir side by immediate notification when recognize the clinical signs amongst imported animals.

11 Factors assisted in disease dissemination Limitation of quarantine roles with the existence of long cost ( smuggling ). Absence of veterinary extension with low disease awareness in producers & traders.

12 Surveillance

13 Mechanism of surveillance network 1 Regional surveillance unit Surveillance worker

14 Mechanism of surveillance network 2 Sa ada Al-Jawf Hadramawt Al-Maharah Amran Al-Mahwait Marib Shabwah Addali Abyan Regional surveillance unit Central epidemiological unit Aden

15 Surveillance The vet. Services were supported by British Government from After the civil war in 1994 all assistant were ceased & all vet. Servi. Negatively impact. In wake of RVF occurrence in Tehama coastal plain 2000 the surveillance were activated & supported by FAO (TCP) projects.

16 Surveillance Recently the surveillance works cover nearly all governorates and districts. 160 vet centers financed by the rain fed project &141 centers financed by the MAI.

17 Surveillance process Reporting system. Collection and collation of data. Analysis. Information. Dissemination.

18 Reporting system Veterinarians ( staffs & privates ). Farmers. Cooperative farmers societies. Veterinary faculties. All the people in relation with the animals.

19 National Animal disease surveillance Passive data collection (p.surveillance) - gathering and reporting of the casual information through routine activities of veterinarian and veterinary workers. - passive data is generated spontaneously e.g. Mandatory notification of diseases,activity reports, laboratory results.

20 National Animal disease Active data collection surveillance Active disease surveillance and disease search is targeted at higher risk areas.

21 Data management TADinfo ( the main storing and analysing programme). Exile EPIinfo GIS

22 Data collection Reporting forms. Telephone. Fax Electronic post.

23 Surveillance analysis & coordinator Animal Health Department Strategy Unit. 23

24 Data flow Strategy Unit Peripheral Strategy Unit Official veterinarians Privet veterinarians 24

25 Information flow International Orgs. Strategy Unit Peripheral Strategy Unit Official veterinarians Privet veterinarians 25

26 communication Information Feedback : Director General of Animal Res. Animal Heath Dep. & others Provincial Vets. Private veterinarians. Farmers cooperative societies International organizations(oie,fao, ) 26

27 Surveillance procedures Coding of epidemiological units. Daily Regular Reporting of outbreaks based on the units. Computerization. Rapid analysis 27

28 Success in eradication Scientific surveillance. Vaccination of all the animals in the units in a especial time. Achieving the identical immunity level in the units vaccinated( protective & herd) Sufficient financial support. Motivated personals. Regular education. Quarantine 28

29 Success in eradication Scientific surveillance. Vaccination of all the animals in the units in a especial time. Achieving the identical immunity level in the units vaccinated( protective & herd) Sufficient financial support. Motivated personals. Regular education. Quarantine 29

30 FMD Control in Yemen FMD endemic disease in Yemen. Some occurred outbreaks led to big economic losses such as that occurred in The individual own ( stocking rate ) is not that big numbers. The local breed cattle,sheep & goats of low production of milk with slow growth rate as meat productive animals.

31 FMD Control in Yemen For that the disease impact on productivity of animals that rearing in individual form in villages not constitute a big economic significant. Additionally there is no export of live animals & animal products to be protected The farmers in general smallholders & the cost of protection is higher than the economic loss from the disease

32 FMD Control in Yemen The economic significant represent a problem only in dairy farms & fattening farms and these units protect the animals regularly by vaccination. Generally the suitable methods for The prophylaxis it depend on several reasons such as : * The economic conditions of the countries. * The economic input from the prophlaxsis process.

33 FMD Control in Yemen * This means the comparison between the prophylaxis cost and the economic loss due to the disease spread. the disease endemic since 30 years the polices which carry out by MAI are:- Local breed ( at the smallholders level ) - Encouragement of smallholders in vaccination their animals against exist strains.

34 FMD Control in Yemen - Intensification of field surveillance and emergency visiting the areas according to The notifications and the location of animals and markets. - Samples collection in case of suspicion for strains identification and determination of the vaccine. - Regular reporting to the MAI. - Extension and education of the farmers. -

35 FMD Control in Yemen - Control of animal movement. - Communication with international organization. At the intensive animal rearing level: Vaccination of local breed at the intensive animal rearing ( farms of commercial natures for milk production and fattening of calves and lambs ). Application of veterinary sanitary measures in farms and surrounding envi.

36 FMD Control in Yemen Imported breed: * European breed: This animals located in dairy farms & in the fact these is modern commercial dairy farms follow and apply all sanitary measures including 2-3 times annual vaccination. * African breed (imported for slaughtering ). All strains in the country entered through these imported animals.

37 FMD Control in Yemen * The MAI try to apply the veterinary quarantine and controlling all ports from which all animals and animal products enter to the country to prevent the introduction of new strain which may worse the condition and led to prophylaxis difficulty. * The imported animals usually marketing weekly & in definite big markets the MAI intensify the surveillance works in these markets.

38 thank you for your attention