FAO influenza surveillance and control in animals Strategy and its implementation

Transcription

1 FAO influenza surveillance and control in animals Strategy and its implementation Sophie von Dobschuetz, Lidewij Wiersma (FAOHQ), Kachen Wongsathapornchai (FAORAP) EMPRES-AH, FAO, Rome, Italy Folorunso Fasina(FAOURT)

2 FAO-promoted influenza surveillance strategy Value Chain - Analysis Results - Surveillance - Passive / Planning participatory surveillance Risk Mitigation, Control Risk Assessment Risk-based surveillance Risk factors (multi-factorial) Targeted, risk-based AI Control surveillance (early detection): In most likely points of introduction Increased frequency during high-risk period (e.g. November to April)

3 Implementation (1/2) > FAO s role as Risk Mitigation Agency (goal: to improve food security, health and livelihoods) Guidance and tools : surveillance design, implementation and evaluation; laboratory diagnosis and quality assurance; value chain analysis; risk assessment and risk mitigation; risk communication; outbreak investigation; disease control; socio-economic and cost-benefit analysis; etc. Capacity building through national and regional projects : training of trainers; provision of PPE, sampling material and lab supplies; laboratory strengthening; etc. Upon country request: emergency missions by the FAO-OIE Crisis Management Centre (CMC) or the Emergency Prevention System for transboundary animal diseases (EMPRES-AH); stockpile of PPE and reagents for emergency use

4 Example: FAO H7N9 guidance documents Available at Surveillance (2 guidelines) Risk assessment (2 assessments) Risk management Laboratory protocols and algorithms Risk communication Biosecurity in LBMs

5 Implementation (2/2) > FAO s role as Risk Mitigation Agency (goal: to improve food security, health and livelihoods) Networking (sample referral, harmonisation of protocols, information sharing) Cross-sectoral collaboration and RA under One Health umbrella Continuous tracking, analysis and risk assessment for animal influenza outbreak and surveillance events in EMPRES-i (esp. H5N1, H7N9, zoonotic influenzas) Daily data entry and quality check

6 Comprehensive AI Surveillance Testing Algorithm -Emergence and co-circulation of diverse AI subtypes >> Need for a comprehensive approach Sample -Expanded the scope of previous strategies to cover several subtypes of interest: H5Nx, H7Nx and H9Nx >risk-based, active surveillance for early detection -HI using ferret sera at Reference Laboratories -Lessons learned and expertise from subtype-specific surveillance projects (H5N1, H1N1, H7N9) If sample is negative for H5, H7 and H9 Full or partial genome sequencing Sample is H5, H7 or H9 positive N-typing

7 Laboratory Capacity Building Infrastructure (e.g. electrical power supply) Equipment Equipment calibration and maintenance Quality assurance Biosafety, biosecurity Laboratory leadership and policy Laboratory networks Onsite technical assistance Training and e-learning Protocols, guidelines Consumables, reagents Tools (e.g. LMT) etc. Laboratory capacities Data collection, storage, linkage and management QA Lab Mapping tools One Health collaboration Lab policy Biosafety/ biosecurity

8 LBM surveillance as AI monitoring tool Allows for monitoring of AI circulation in live bird market (LBM) catchment area and identification of high and low seasons Risk-based: Targeting well-connected markets with high throughput Focus on environmental samples (from different areas and objects) and dead/sick birds Highly cost-effective! Samples from each area of a market are pooled

9 Success Story: Indonesia Participatory Disease Search (PDS): actively looking for the disease FAO-supported, now ownership by the government (i-sikhnas) Regulatory framework for vaccine production and use Government in charge of vaccine approval: only select vaccines are released on the market, following standard quality control Vaccine strain selection >> VCM for animals? FAO engages on technical as well as policy and legislation aspects > prerequisite for making control measures both acceptable and sustainable

10 Linking epidemiological and sequence data Linking EMPRES-i with OpenFluDB and IRD Webservices (terminology - query) Algorithm created based on 3 criteria Exchange of data (no transfer) Collection date, location, species EMPRES-i - FAO s Global Animal Disease Information System

11 IT solutions for interoperability and data exchange

12 FAO Capacity Evaluation Tools Group of FAO tools available to Vet Services / Ministries Level EMT: Epidemiology Mapping Tool of Veterinary Service s capacity SET: Surveillance Evaluation Tool for the whole animal surveillance system LMT: Laboratory Mapping Tool for the individual laboratory Mapping to / aligned with JEE indicators EMT LMT SET

13 OIE FAO WHO Tripartite! Risk assessment at the human-animal interface: 4-way linking Sharing and assessment of information from the four information streams Improve disease control and reduce risks In 2010, Egypt was the first country to successfully implement the project, followed by Vietnam, Indonesia and Bangladesh.

14 OIE FAO WHO Tripartite! Risk assessment at the human-animal interface: Joint risk assessment (JRA) Animal Health and Human Health counterparts assess risks from zoonotic influenzas jointly (qualitative) 1. Ensure stakeholder involvement and commitment 2. Systematically gather, assess and document information focused on the interface (each sector comes prepared with their own, unilateral assessment) 3. Iterative: regular meetings and updates Leads to informed decision making (risk management) on both sides Successfully piloted in Indonesia this month! (March 2018)

15 Future prospects for HPAI control Endemic situation in domestic poultry is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future Increasingly identified as one of many other endemic poultry disease Multi-dimensional problem Approach should move beyond technical (> holistic, all society approach) Farming systems and value chains need transformation Socio-economics, poverty, communication, behaviour, tradition Recognized as a global problem No one country can tackle the disease alone/in isolation Regional and international public good A concerted global action of all players with significant financial and political commitment is needed