PPR in Asia. History and Distribution PPR DISTRIBUTION PPR DISTRIBUTION PPR DISTRIBUTION Zhiliang Wang Prof. Dr.

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1 PPR in Asia Zhiliang Wang Prof. Dr. History and Distribution The OIE reference lab for PPR China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center Qingdao , PR China Cote d Ivoire

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3 Ali, Tibet

4 Ali, Tibet Global Distribution >60 Report to OIE Scientific Publication Africa: Benin, Cote d Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo, Gambia,Sudan, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Gabon, Somalia, Chad, Congo(DR), Kenya, Congo(Rep), Uganda, Morocco, Rwanda(?), Tanzania, Tunisia, Sierra Leone, Comoros, Sao Tome and Principe(?), Zambia, Algeria, Angola Near East: UAE, Bahrain, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Palestinian Authority, Iraq, Syria, Turkey Asia: India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, China, Maldives, Bhutan PPR Free Countries 2015 What are the statuses for the rest? ( ) = 68 Chinese Taipei Korea Rep. Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Affected or Not?

5 20 PPR IN ASIA more? Fig. 5.4 Number of outbreaks recorded across Asia and the Middle East. Frequency of outbreaks over each reporting period is coloured according to the key. Total number of outbreaks reported for each time period are tabulated below the map. The most recent data set is used for the colouration (WAHID interface) (Muhammad Munir, PPRV,2015) 1.Israel 2.Palestinian 3.Jordan 4.Saudi Arabia 5.Yemen 6.Oman 7.UAE 8.Iraq 9.Kuwait 10.Iran 11.Afghanistan 12.Pakistan 13.India 14.Bangladesh 15.Tajikistan 16.Uzbekistan 17.Kazakhstan 18.China 19.Nepal 20.Turkey,Asian? 21.Bahrain 22.Lebanon 23.Qatar 24.Iraq 25.Syria 26.Maldives, Bhutan, Laos,1998? 29.Vietnam,2008? Spreading Patterns Transboundary pasturing without SR trade without Migration of wild SR? SR Sharing the same Introduction of new Wild SR? SR-small ruminant PPR in China First wave from 2007 to 2008 EAST Lessons from China Geographical location of the first infected village, field investigation information and phylogenetic analysis of virus isolates indicated that the disease was most likely from India.. India WEST Discovery of PPRV infection in wildlife (bharal) Herds mixture Wildlife? Pasture Sharing Ram introduction 在一定地域范围内突然出现多只野羊异常死亡

6 Critical control points No outbreak in 2009 Destruction of all infected herds Vaccination in whole Tibet (Nigeria 75/1), 2008 Ring vaccination along the neighboring counties Movement control of live goats and sheep Tibet goat infection on Sino-Indian border near Rutog, Ngari, Tibet in May 2010? No outbreak from June 2010 to November 2013 PPR in China Second wave Dec 2013 to May 2014 N Where was the virus from? First reported on Dec 3 rd,2013 Phylogenic Analysis Close to the central Asian and middle east strains, but different from the Tibet strain outbreaks from a single contaminated market High traceability based on electronic records

7 Pathways transmitting to Xinjiang? Outbreaks in Tajikistan Since Sept 2013 Tajikistan 喀什 Pakistan 克州巴楚 伊犁霍城 伊犁 拜城柯坪轮台巴州库车阿克苏 米东市场 哈密五堡 driving illegal introduction of live sheep and movement of livestock from summer-autumn ranch to winter driving movement of livestock among districts PPR in China Second wave Dec 2013 to May 2014 Critical control measures First reported on Dec 3 rd, outbreaks from a single contaminated market High traceability based on electronic records Destruction of all infected herds Vaccination campaign in most provinces Temporarily ban the movement of live goats and sheep, except for slaughter Temporarily close all live goats and sheep markets PPR outbreaks in China from 2013 to 2014 Ban of movement The ideal way to control PPR Number of outbreaks per week Stamping out + Movement Control + Vaccination

8 Global Small Ruminant Distribution in Density Threats to Other Countries in Our Region World total number of Sheep and Goats: ~ 2.14 billion Global Sheep and Goats Distribution by Country (2013) 8 out of the world top 20 countries are located in Asia and occupies 47% of the world total number. World total number of Sheep and Goats: ~ 2.14 billion 1.China 2.India 3.Nigeria 4.Sudan 5.Pakistan 6.Australia 7.Iran 8.Bangladesh 9.Ethiopia 10.Kenya 11.Mongolia 12.Turkey 13.Indonesia 14.UK 15.Mali 16.Algeria 17.S.Africa 18.NZ 19.Morocco 20.Brazil Live Sheep and Goats Distribution by Continent B World Total = 2.14 Billions 0.68B 0.15B 0.12B 0.11B Million Asia Africa Europe Americas Oceania Source: Number of Sheep and Goats in Asian Countries Country Total Country Total China Jordan 3.41 India UA Emirates 3.35 Pakistan Oman 2.20 Iran Viet Nam 1.35 Bangladesh Lebanon 1.00 Mongolia Palestine 0.95 Turkey Georgia 0.74 Indonesia Armenia 0.67 Syrian Kuwait 0.65 Afghanistan Israel 0.64 Yemen Malaysia 0.61 Kazakhstan Qatar 0.53 Uzbekistan Thailand 0.46 Turkmenistan Laos 0.45 Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka 0.34 Nepal R Korea 0.26 Iraq 9.85 Timor-Leste 0.20 Azerbaijan 8.63 Bahrain 0.06 Kyrgyzstan 5.64 Bhutan 0.05 Myanmar 4.79 Japan 0.03 Tajikistan 4.73 Brunei 0.01 DPR Korea 3.85 Singapore Philippines 3.72

9 Estimated Annual Global Impact of PPR production losses and vaccination costs only Countries at Risk Estimated impact is between US$ 1.4 and 2.1 billion Africa: 40% Asia: 60% (South Asia 27%; East Asia 20%; Middle East 7%; West Eurasia 6%) High Report to OIE At risk Medium to Low: Myanmar 4.8M Mongolia 39.3M DPRK 3.9M Vietnam 1.4M Laos 0.5M RK 0.3M Thailand 0.5M Malaysia 0.6M Unlikely: others in east and southeast Asian 49 Looking into the Future Global Control and Eradication Strategy -Component 1: Control and eradication of PPR - Eradicated by Component 2: Strengthening Veterinary Services - Higher PVS Level -Combining 3: Combining control activities with other diseases -Better 19 The Progressive Step-wise Approach for the prevention and control of PPR -4 stages Fast-track procedure

10 55 3 levels of intervention to achieve the goal -National, Regional, Global 9 regional/sub-regional roadmaps SAARC A PPR Roadmap Advisory Group (RAG) is assigned to each Regional Roadmap. CONCLUSIONS PPR has been in Asia for almost 30 years and caused significant economic loss in the affected countries. It is still expanding its territory through the transboundary movement of small ruminants. Poor control practice in affected countries will always present potential risks to neighboring countries. To eradicate this disease timely and efficiently, countries in our region should work together to harmonize the approach to the FAO/OIE Global PPR Eradication Strategy. 56 Thank you for your attention