DISEASE DETECTIVES (Division C) Boyceville Invitational Tournament December 3, 2016

Transcription

1 DISEASE DETECTIVES (Division C) Boyceville Invitational Tournament December 3, 2016 TEAM MEMBERS: SCHOOL NAME: TEAM NAME: TEAM #:

2 PART I: Matching (30 points) Match each of the following 20 terms with its meaning. 1. Endemic disease 2. Epidemic 3. Pandemic 4 outbreak 5. Zoonosis 6. Vector 7. Reservoir 8. propagated outbreak 9. Point prevalence 10. Period prevalence 11. natural history of disease 12. incubation period 13. Passive immunity 14. Active immunity 15. Herd immunity 16. hyperendemic disease 17. Host 18. epidemiologic triad 19. Carrier 20. biologic transmission A. The habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows and multiplies. B. A period of subclinical or unapparent infection following an exposure, ending with the onset of symptoms of infectious disease. C. The resistance of a group to invasion and spread of an infectious agent, due to the resistance to infection of a high proportion of individual members of the group. D. A person or other living organism that can be infected by an infectious agent under natural conditions. E. Synonymous with epidemic. F. The amount of a particular disease present in a population at a single point in time. G. A disease that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate. H. An intermediary organism that transmits an agent from a reservoir to a host. I. Immunity produced by an antibody produced in another host and acquired naturally by an infant from its mother or artificially by administration of an antibody-containing preparation. J. The indirect vector-borne transmission of an infectious agent in which the agent undergoes biologic changes within the vector before being transmitted to a new host. K. The constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population group; may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease within such area or group. L. An infectious disease that is transmissible under normal conditions from animals to humans. M. An outbreak that does not have a common source, but instead spreads from person to person. N. A person or animal without apparent disease that harbors a specific infectious agent and is capable of transmitting the agent to others. O. Resistance developed in response to stimulus by an antigen and usually characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host. P. An epidemic occurring over several countries or continents and usually affecting a large proportion of the population. Q. The occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period of time. R. The amount a particular disease present in a population over a period of time. S. The course of disease from onset to resolution. T. The traditional model of infectious disease causation.

3 Determine which of the following 10 diseases are caused by bacterium (B), virus (V), fungus (F), parasite (P), protozoa (PZ), or protein (PR). 21. Tuberculosis 22. Typhoid 23. Measles 24. Tape worm 25. Candidiasis 26. Ringworm 27. Tetanus 28. Giardiasis 29. Mad Cow Disease 30. Stomach Ulcers PART 2: Public Health Problems 1. Earlier this year the CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control updated Prevention Status Reports, which ranks the biggest public health issues in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. List these biggest public health issues in any order: a. f. b. g. c. h. d. i. e. j. 2. What is Zika? a. Bacteria c. A mite b. A virus d. A plasmodium 3. Zika is transmitted to human through a. Aedes mosquito c. Culex mosquito b. Anopheles mosquito d. Culiseta mosquito 4. What are the symptoms of Zika infections? a. Headache, fever, rash c. Muscle pain, joint pain, and weakness b. Conjunctivitis (red eyes) d. All of the above 5. Zika may be transmitted from a pregnant mother to her baby. a. True b. False 6. What is the treatment for Zika fever? a. The Zika vaccine c. Antiviral medications b. Antibiotics d. There are no vaccines or medications for Zika fever. 7. What is Malaria? a. Bacteria c. A mite b. A virus d. A plasmodium 8. Malaria is transmitted to human through a. Aedes mosquito c. Culex mosquito b. Anopheles mosquito d. Culiseta mosquito

4 PART 3: Statistics 1. How many cases of foodborne diseases are reported in the US annually? a. about 18 millions b. about 28 millions c. about 38 millions d. about 48 millions 2. According to the Centers of Disease Control (CDC), the top five pathogens contributing to foodborne illnesses in US are Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella (nontyphoidal), Norovirus, Staphylococcus aureus (Staph). Number these pathogens from 1 to 5 with 1 being the most common and 5 being the least common. Campylobacter spp. Clostridium perfringens Salmonella (nontyphoidal) Norovirus Staphylococcus aureus (Staph). 3. Here are Epidemic (Epi) Curves showing different cases of disease arise from a single, shared or 'common' source, such as a batch of bad food, industrial pollution or a contaminated water supply. Write the names of the three Epi Curves with the type of outbreak. A. A. B. B. C. C. 4. What are the three components of the epidemiologic triad? a. b. c.

5 PART 4: Case Study 1. Genesee County, Flint, Michigan, Water Problem: Legionnaires (Bacterial Infection) Cases in Genesee County, Flint, Michigan, Reported by Month from 2010 to 2015 The cases of Legionnaires (a pneumonia caused by any type of Legionella bacteria) have risen in Flint, Michigan in 2014 and In August 15-17, 2015, Dr. Marc Edwards and his team carried a study to determine the cause(s). Here are their findings: The River had detectable levels of fecal bacteria as is expected, but none of the samples collected from the Flint distribution system had any detection. The city also correctly reported that the POSITIVE CONTROL SAMPLE had high levels of fecal bacteria. To keep the water safe and prevent bacteria growth as it is transported to consumer s homes, it is necessary to maintain a Cl 2 (chlorine) level of 0.2 mg/l or higher throughout the distribution system. Of the 17 locations Dr. Edwards sampled for free chlorine, 7 samples (41%) did not have any detectable chlorine at all. The high rates of iron corrosion found in Flint water destroy the chlorine that was present in the water. a. How did the number of Legionnaires cases change after the city of Flint switched to Flint River for water supply? b. Give a plausible explanation of the cause of the change. c. What could have caused the drop in the Legionnaires cases after September 2015? d. During what month(s) do Legionnaires cases peak? e. Why is that? Give a plausible reason.

6 2. The Strange Case of BeriBeri In 1887 a strange nerve disease attacked the people in the Dutch East Indies. The disease was beriberi. Symptoms of the disease included weakness and loss of appetite, victims often died of heart failure. Scientists thought bacteria might have caused the disease. They injected chickens with bacteria from the blood of patients with beriberi. The injected chickens became sick. However, so did a group of chickens that were not injected with bacteria. One of the scientists, Dr. Eijkman, noticed something. Before the experiment, all the chickens had eaten whole-grain rice, but during the experiment, the chickens were fed polished rice. Dr. Eijkman researched this interesting case and found that polished rice lacked thiamine, a vitamin necessary for good health. a. State the Problem b. What was the hypothesis? c. How was the hypothesis tested? d. Should the hypothesis be supported or rejected based on the experiment? Why. e. What should be the new hypothesis and how would you test it?

7 PART I: Matching (30 points) Match each of the following 20 terms with its meaning. 'r r\,/ q z-) r /--/ t/ 1J II,1 h l"l -r 1. Endemic disease 2. Epidemic 3. Pandemic 4 outbreak 5. Zoonosis 6. Vector 7. Reservoir B. propagated outbreak 9. Point prevalence f<- rc. Period prevalence C,., -r) l- q ;\ t,, T,I A,l < 'J \ 11. natural history of disease 12. incubation period L4, Passive immunity Active immunity Herd immunity hyperendemic disease 17. Host epidemiologic triad 19. Carrier 20. biologic transmission A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. t. K. M. N. 0. P. a. R. S. T. The habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows and multiplies. A period of subclinical or unapparent infection following an exposure, ending with the onset of symptoms of infectious disease. The resistance of a group to invasion and spread of an infectious agent, due to the resistance to infection of a high proportion of individual members of the group. A person or other living organism that can be infected by an infectious agent under natural conditions. Synonymous with epidemic. The amount of a particular disease present in a population at a single point in time. A disease that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate. An intermediary organism that transmits an agent from a reservoir to a host. Immunity produced by an antibody produced in another host and acquired naturally by an infant from its mother or artificially by administration of an antibody-containing preparation. The indirect vector-borne transmission of an infectious agent in which the agent undergoes biologic changes within the vector before being transmitted to a new host. The constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population group; may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease within such area or group. An infectious disease that is transmissible under normal conditions from animals to humans. An outbreak that does not have a common source, but instead spreads from person to person. A person or animal without apparent disease that harbors a specific infectious agent and is capable of transmitting the agent to others. Resistance developed in response to stimulus by an antigen and usually characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host. An epidemic occurring over several countries or continents and usually aftecting a large proportion of the population. The occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a pafticular period of time. The amount a particular disease present in a population over a period of time. The course of disease from onset to resolution. The traditional model of infectious disease causation. i '-' ' r''' t

8 Determine which of the following 10 diseases are caused by bacterium (B), virus (V), fungus (F), parasite (P), protozoa (PZ), or protein (PR). 'i) {2 21. Tuberculosis r 26. Ringworm 1 L!: zz. Typhoid ll 23. Meastes Tape worm 'a 25. Candidiasis -\L 1)-) 1: n./1 l't-- ".7-> 27. retanus 28. Giardiasis 29. Mad Cow Disease 30. Stomach Ulcers PART 2: Public Health Problems 1. Earlier this year the CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control updated Prevention Status Reports, which ranks the biggest public health issues in all 50 - states and the District of Columbia. List these biggest public health issues in any Z'.0"1,',..,,l lk.t,l fu-,,,,.i r. Ml(Tru'\ti.\i 'l-- (bt)t1,", l') 2. What is Zika? a. Bacteria b. A virus c. A mite d. A plasmodium {+,.Zika is transmitted to human through l,) ^ a. Aedes mosquito b. Anopheles mosquito 4. What are the symptoms of Zika infections? c. Culex mosquito d. Culiseta mosquito a. Headache, fever, rash c. Muscle pain, joint pain, and weakness b. Conjunctivitis (red eyes) d. All of the above k/ ' 5. Zika may be transmitted from a pregnant mother to her baby. a. True b. False?1 f,t D 6. what is the treatment for Zika fever? + D b a. The Zika vaccine b. Antibiotics 7. What is Malaria? a. Bacteria b. A virus 8. Malaria is transmitted to human through a. Aedes mosquito b. Anopheles mosquito c. Antiviral medications d. There are no vaccines or medications for Zika fever. c. A mite d. A plasmodium c. Culex mosquito d. Culiseta mosquito atfs

9 PART 3: Statistics 1. How many cases of foodborne diseases are reported in the US anually? a. about 18 millions b. about 28 millions c. about 38 millions about According to the Centers of Disease Control (CDC), the top five pathogens contributing to foodborne illnesses in US are Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella (nontyphoidal), Norovirus, Staphylococcus aureus (Staph). Number these pathogens from 1 to 5 with 1 being the most common and 5 being the least common. It + Campytobacter spp.? Clostridium perfringens * Salmonella (nontyphoidal) Norovirus I 5 Staphytococcus aureus (StaPh). 3. Here are Epidemic (Epi) Curves showing different cases of disease arise from a single, shared or 'common' source, such as a batch of bad food, industrial pollution or a contaminated water supply. Write the names of the three Epi Curves with the type of outbreak. t B. t "fi &ti B. t,,t,tt S r,rrrrr, 0rotb/ -!,r- f ' li.,hr,'*-r flhe I tase ^,1, HfiflSES - '.fl-ffigffgi.s-,., un,oo,r* t C, I nhro, itvnl O,,,il,ro/tu!li t*!r E r[ etr,,,, TJ [,!I,8,, EEEtrE. EEE, Jll ue 4. What arp the three cor a. ktt' 1t7'*/J,- t7?: :F e Pi de m i o I o sic triad? 1 () (/ rfdtrc d1_tc{ /ZoR I

10 PART 4: Case Study 1. Genesee County, Flint, Michigan, Water Problem: Legionnaires'(Bacterial Infection) Cases in Genesee County, Flint, Michigan, Reported by Month from 2010 to 2015 bjc *fficial link hxs,lrt brr:n d*nertrd betweet'r the city's v"';rtt. lupqly swit*iri*g tr: tl:* i:lint Sir,'*r "rnrj tir* x;:lie 1." in r:ssel, br:t d*:ens hrv* b*en ri':ktl*d since tpril tii14. legioln.rir*s'tt*esintrtnes*rt Flir:i:"r,itrhtriit:;'-'*rltii'i > Coulty lry rrrnrrth r*pr:rt*d ll:i':piy' t'.: tht l linl ilit*r r, :.,,,,il. -tlj I cas& xil$ u1 ir *t $t'e i! :: i\1t f l,.!1:: 4 E $g s te is$ i )tlt l0l ) )u1.1 )$ l{ j s c g + g E $ $ i $ :t $ *$ EE $,i! $B $, (iry's wat*r":upply *..1s sv..itchtcj b*ch t* L*lic Huron. Y E s & #$$ ESS Ii:.ltlt{i ti*illlj ria;f?itiij{:i *ff, 6a}I}r}rrr:.il*d l*r ltl;iyljut* :{tii *rr* Alriq*ii:\t$!*ltlluf X}XI The cases of Legionnaires (a pneumonia caused by any type of Legionella bacteria) have risen in Flint, Michigan in 2014 and In August!5-L7, 2015, Dr. Marc Edwards and his team carried a study to determine the cause(s). Here are their findings:. The River had detectable levels of fecal bacteria as is expected, but none of the samples collected from the Flint distribution system had any detection, The city also correctly reported that the POSITIVE CONTROL SAMPLE had high ievels of fecal bacteria.. To keep the water safe and prevent bacteria growth as it is transported to consumer's homes, it is necessary to maintain a Clz (chlorine) level of 0.2 mg/l or higher throughout the distribution system, Of the 17 locations Dr. Edwards sampled for free chlorine, 7 samples $lo/o) did not have any detectable chlorine at all.. The high rates of iron corrosion found in Flint water destroy the chlorine that was present in the water. a. _t b,,/ \;J),J l\- )' :;.*71'!, uring what month(s),do tionnaires' cases peak? 'a_,:. t* ) r.',--.1 l" 1,.t.,- i t.t

11 2. The Strange Case of BeriBeri In 1887 a strange nerve disease attacked the people in the Dutch East Indies. The disease was beriberi. Symptoms of the disease included weakness and loss of appetite, victims often died of heaft failure. Scientists thought bacteria might have caused the disease. They injected chickens with bacteria from the blood of patients with beriberi. The injected chickens became sick. However, so did a group of chickens that were not injected with bacteria. One of the scientists, Dr. Eijkman, noticed something. Before the experiment, all the chickens had eaten whole-grain rice, but during the experiment, the chickens were fed polished rice. Dr. Eijkman researched this interesting case and found that polished rice lacked thiamine, a vitamin necessary for good health. a. State the Problem lh b. What was the hypothesis 7 '-S U (it"t.8e elotu-u Z l- -/rct!l't.t'';/rt v --- -* "l \t.jr.\ \. c. How was the hypothesis tested?! {, h;c/<, ",-, d. Should the hypothesis be supported or rejected based on the experiment? Why. -)r^^r- t- ( '1,\-t_ b J- fztl-s l* Cltt'.e a-ls o e. What should be the new hypothesis and how would you test it? tto- [*cl - nl r[) WL I lrt?n /\- \- {4- c,,\-, nj - rrh