Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Public Health Applications

Transcription

1 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Public Health Applications Philip Pittman, MS, MPH, IDPH GIS Coordinator Marilyn O Hara, PhD, Professor, University of Illinois Darren Shea, Graduate Student, University of Illinois 1

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3 Agenda Introductions GIS at IDPH GIS at local health departments Discussion - Cost, obstacles and opportunities Wrap-up and review discussion 3

4 Why is Geography Important in Public Health? Human health is related to factors affected by common location or geo-spatial relationships The human mind can understand some explanations more readily when they are presented cartographically Analysis based on spatial attributes often reveals patterns, trends or anomalies that are otherwise undetected

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6 Public Health Uses for GIS Policy Analysis Disease Tracking Case Management Strategic Planning Routing Health Workers Clinical (ICD9 & 10) Data Visualization Environmental Health Monitoring Site Location Analysis Facility Care Management Birth/Death/Tumor/Immunization/STD Registries Cancer Analysis Service/Provider Network Analysis Bio-terrorism Preparedness 6

7 Examples of GIS usage at IDPH 7

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23 April 2009: Declaration of public health emergency Strategic National Stockpile of Pharmaceuticals (SNS) Activated to deliver Tamiflu to hospitals and LHDs across Illinois

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25 Providing LHDs with names of potential providers Physician & Surgeon 43,277 Temporary Visiting Resident 36 Physician Assistant 2,319 Dentist 10,153 Pharmacist 16,531 Registered Nurse 166,029 Licensed Practical Nurse 28,905 Advanced Practice Nurse 6,671 TOTAL 273,921

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27 H1N1 Vaccines Shipped through October 30, Analysis of Shipments to LHD Jurisdictions using U.S. Census Data LHD Population % of Total Population Number of Shipments Number of Vaccines Shipped Equitable Number Vaccines Shipped Surplus or Deficit Actual Shipped vs. Equitable Shipped Percent Surplus or Deficit Multiplier - Shipped vs Equitable Percent of LHD Population Potentially Vaccinated Adams County Health Department % % % Bond County Health Department % % % Boone County Health Department % % % Brown County Health Department % % % Bureau County Health Department % % % Calhoun County Health Department % % % Carroll County Health Department % % % Cass County Health Department % % % Champaign County Public Health Department % % % Champaign-Urbana Public Health District % % % Christian County Health Department % % % Clark County Health Department % % % Clay County Health Department % % % Clinton County Health Department % % % Coles County Health Department % % % Cook County Department of Public Health % % % Crawford County Health Department % % % Cumberland County Health Department % % % DeKalb County Health Department % % % DeWitt-Piatt Bi-County Health Department % % % Douglas County Health Department % % % DuPage County Health Department % % % East Side Health District % % % Edgar County Public Health Department % % % Effingham County Health Department % % % Egyptian Health Department % % % Evanston Health Department % % % Fayette County Health Department % % %

28 Geographic disparities in vaccine distribution

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31 Precise understanding of the consumer is the key to making the right decisions

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50 ArcGIS Online DEMO

51 Using GIS to improve health in rural counties Marilyn O Hara GIS and Spatial Analysis Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana moruiz@illinois.edu

52 Why use GIS at a small local health department? Local health departments have a large stock of data about the local area. Vital records Food inspection Client lists Well water reports BMI and obesity LHDs can access INEDSS for their county and get data on reportable diseases over time. All can be mapped for more strategic and efficient public health practice and policy development.

53 Examples that follow Map clinic clients to plan for new facility Mapping of diseases Mosquito control Vaccine program evaluation Creation of spatial data and Health Map Online

54 Evaluate new clinic location in Champaign County, Illinois # Clients # Clients Distance Option 1 Option 2 5 miles 3,842 3,603 2 miles 2,311 1,387 Surface map interpolated from census block level 1 mile 1, miles Numbers by census block group Public Health Clinic Clients by residential location in 2005

55 Chlamydia incidence by census tract in the Champaign-Urbana area in 2007 and 2008 for males and females. Maps show cases reported to the Illinois Department of Public Health during the years in question, with the rate calculated from census data from More recent census data were not available for this area at the time of this report.

56 Retrieve data from INEDDS for your county. Can make local maps. For example Hepatitis Rabies Exposure Salmonellosis E Coli Shigellosis Giardiasis Campylobacteriosis

57 Mapping for mosquito control The maps include Champaign County CGIS High Flight imagery, municipal boundaries, and catch basin location information. Positive mosquito trap location with ½ mile buffer

58 Field map for mosquito treatment of catch basins Depth: Shallow or Deep (marked with an "S" or a "D"). Water Presence: Yes or No (marked as wet by circling the catch basin point). Was there standing water in the basin? Observed: Was the basin examined? Here is where the workers stated if the basin was in fact a covered manhole (X-ed out), if they were able to reach it (unmarked if unable), or if it was blocked by a vehicle or debris (shown by drawing a square around the point).

59 H1N1 vaccine penetration rates with Target Areas identified as having low rates, relatively low income, and not in area with high % of U of Illinois students

60 Now, how to share these maps and data and make them more accessible? Accessible to whom?? Public at large Other area agencies with health / human service missions Personnel at the CUPHD First responders during a emergency situation Online Health Database is an ongoing data outreach project of the CUPHD, and it would be enhanced by maps

61 Health Map Online The goal of Health Map Online is to enhance preparedness and improve public health in Central Illinois through better access to digital maps about our community. It combines mapping and information in all areas of concern to public health, extending the use of mapping to all people at the CUPHD and to the community at large

62 Front Page Public Information Section The goal of Health Map Online is to better integrate maps with other rich information sources in Central Illinois

63 Scope of Health Map Online Families and Children WIC, Day Care Centers, Schools Our Community Vital Statistics, Demographics, Restaurants and Food. Health and Wellness Resources Health Clinics, Immunizations, Mental Health, Nutrition, Obesity Natural Environment Parks, Lead Poisoning, Water Quality, Radon Emergency Preparedness Disease Surveillance West Nile Virus, STDs, Chronic Disease, Cause of Death Flu shots, earthquakes, floods, tornados and power outages Safety Crime, Motor Vehicle Accidents

64 Health-related facilities Hospitals Medical Clinics Eye Clinics Dental Clinics Nursing Homes Mental Health Facilities Veterinary Clinics Demographic characteristics Percent over 65 Median age Percent of families with children under 18 in poverty Total population Percent linguistic isolation Percent college students

65 Schools and other education-oriented facilities or boundaries Public Elementary, Middle and High Private Elementary, Middle and High School District Office Alternative Education Special Education Vocational or Technical Early Childhood Higher Education School District Boundaries Child Care facilities Homeless shelters Food pantries

66 Example of Content Area Families and Children... caters to health needs of all age groups but with an emphasis on those items related to a specific age or gender - children, infants, adults, mothers, men and senior members. It involves maps related to day care centers, schools, links to safe walk to school maps and health programs like WIC (Women Infant Children) programs.

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68 Online live schools map

69 Example of Content Area Natural Environment... involves all health aspects related to the environment. It deals with environmental contaminants (radon detection, lead poisoning), quality assessment of available water sources and location of recreational spaces.

70 Generalized view radon test results received from home test kits returned between Jan 2007 to June 2008

71 Adoption of GIS requires Computer infrastructure Leadership buy-in Base data for area of interest Technical skills to use specialized mapping software to collect or create data with spatial location manage databases

72 Thank You! Philip Pittman, GIS Manager Illinois Dept. of Public Health 422 S 5 th St 2 nd Floor Springfield, IL (217) phil.pittman@illinois.gov Marilyn O Hara, Ph.D. Clinical Associate Professor Director of GIS and Spatial Analysis Lab Dept. of Pathobiology, Room South Lincoln Ave, VMBSB University of Illinois Urbana, IL (217)