Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDv), Delta corona and variants

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDv), Delta corona and variants"

Emily Hunter
5 years ago
Views:

1 Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDv), Delta corona and variants April 22 nd Heartland Animal Manure Management Workshop

2 Something new coronaviruses from Asia PEDv entered the US in April, source unknown Virus genetically closely related to Asian strains Later in the year a genetic variant to PEDv was identified, differed from classic PEDv Now a third coronavirus, delta coronavirus, has infected pigs, some of these the same herds All are similar to known Asian viruses

3 Basic PEDv information TGE (transmissible gastroenteritis) well-known US coronavirus of pigs The viruses do not affect people PEDv and delta are not food safety concerns They do not affect other species, just pigs PEDv is NOT a new virus - Europe and Asia for some years; delta also previously known Clearly some portal or fomite is open into the US, globalizing these swine diseases

4 Pathology of PEDv Highly infectious and pathogenic, brief incubation period ~24 hours Destroys the cells lining the small intestine -> severe watery diarrhea and dehydration All ages of pigs are affected, adults become immune, temporarily, after recovery Death loss of ~100% in nursing pigs; little death loss in weaned and older pigs but morbidity, suffering, weight loss

5 Impact of acute infection Farrowing infection spreads rapidly, death within 24 hours for baby pigs Farrowing 100% of piglets die for 3 weeks and then slow improvement as recovered, immune sows farrow. Survival back to roughly normal levels in 5 weeks Some abortions and a few sow losses To estimate losses roughly 5 weeks of piglets or 10% of annual production

6 Cases confirmed in 30 states

7 Transmission of virus High virus levels in diarrhea, feces are the principal vector. A fecal-oral disease. Can survive in manure storage, damp manure for at least 28 days (Goyal) Very small amount needed to infect (one thimbleful of diarrhea has enough virus to infect entire US pig population!) Contaminated transport, even aerosol Survival increases dramatically in cold weather

8 Vectors are of great concern Transporting dead animals believed to be high transmission risk i.e. rendering (push for onfarm composting!) Manure application and contamination are a considered high risk Contaminated vehicles, people tracking virus especially a concern with ice/snow/mud if contaminated with manure Aerosol of manure dust appears possible

9 Risk management Cleaning and disinfection some disinfectants are highly effective (but not Lysol.)

10 Characteristics of Selected Disinfectants against PEDv and PRRSv Disinfectant Category Aldehydes Biguanides Hyopchlorite Iodine Oxidizing agents Phenols Quaternary ammonium Sample Trade Names Synergize, DC&R Chlorhexadine, Nolvasan, Virosan Bleach Betadyne, Providone Virkon S, Accel Tek-Trol, One- Stroke Roccal, DiQuat, D- 256 PEDv and PRRS viruses Effective Variable Effective Effective Effective Effective Variable Efficacy with organic matter Reduced? Rapidly reduced Rapidly reduced Variable Effective Inactivated Efficacy with Hard Water Reduced? Effective?? Effective Inactivated Efficacy with Soap, Detergents Reduced Inactivated Inactivated Effective? Effective Inactivated

11 Risk management Cleaning and disinfection most disinfectants are highly effective (but not Lysol.) Heat and drying F for 20 minutes; trailer baker technology (Holtkamp)

13 Risk management Cleaning and disinfection most disinfectants are highly effective (but not Lysol.) Heat and drying F for 20 minutes; trailer baker technology Contamination dead stock removal, transport, service personnel and equipment, animal collection points, harvest plants

14 Dead stock compost? bury? render?

15 Risk management Cleaning and disinfection most disinfectants are highly effective (but not Lysol.) Heat and drying F for 20 minutes; trailer baker technology Contamination dead stock removal, transport, service personnel and equipment, animal collection points, harvest plants Workers, staff, service (vets, regulators, etc)

16 Rules vary general themes are: Down time requirements & specific rules Shower in and out, clothing changes or Danish entry methods

19 Downtimes for PIC operations

20 Rules vary, general themes are: Down time requirements & specific rules Shower in and out, clothing changes or Danish entry methods Other: Oral temperature, all entering farm influenza Pre-approval centrally especially breeding stock Face masks and protective eyewear

21 Entry protocols for PIC farms

22 Rules vary general themes are: Down time requirements & specific rules Shower in and out, clothing changes or Danish entry methods Other: Oral temperature, all entering farm influenza Pre-approval centrally especially breeding stock Face masks and protective eyewear Logging in and documenting presence at farm Equipment fumigation chambers, cannot enter items

23 Fumigation chamber tools, supplies, equipment, materials Additionally, some now have UV light boxes for personal items and other material approved to enter the farm.

24 Biosecurity processes that impact us all ANIMALS source, status, v-v communication, monitoring w/ testing (Federal Order story) TRAFFIC personnel, people in the team i.e. vets, regulators, service Fomites, downtime, showers, clothes, boots, disinfection chambers INPUTS feed (plasma story), supplies and materials TRANSPORTATION sanitation, drivers, routes SEGREGATION location, animals, wastes, people MONITORING logs, day sheets, permission forms, reviews

25 The daily how-to details. Our Life and Yours? Notification at worst even if immediately before visit One-a-day no more than one farm daily Biosecurity acknowledge, understand and comply Sanitation - vehicles, clothing and footgear Disinfection clean then disinfect Equipment know what is allowed Shower-in etiquette - and what to expect Document for you and for the farm

26 What makes farm interactions work the best? (How to make the day less stressful!) KNOWLEDGABLE let people know you understand the concerns (today s purpose) SELF-CONFIDENT assures people you know biosecurity is critical. But ask times and rules change. SUPPORTIVE regulatory support strengthens the swine economy and citizens PROFESSIONALISM authority with respect

27 Information on the PEDv crisis Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Information For reference from web site: Disinfectants Market Biosecurity Transportation Biosecurity Manure Hauling Biosecurity Guidelines Exhibition Recommendations

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus. PED variant (PDCoV)

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDv), Delta corona (SDCv) and PED variant (PDCoV) September 20 th 2014 Madras Workshop Dr. Steve Henry, Abilene Animal Hospital PA, Abilene KS Something new. porcine coronaviruses