MANTIS Redux. Surgical Technique. LITe. True percutaneous screw and rod system Direct visualization Precise rod contouring allows multiple levels

Transcription

1 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique True percutaneous screw and rod system Direct visualization Precise rod contouring allows multiple levels LITe Less Invasive Technologies

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3 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Key Design Features Markings Patient Positioning K-Wire Insertion Dilation Pedicle Preparation Screw Insertion To assemble the Polyaxial Screwdriver: Screw Adjustment Screw Alignment Rod Insertion Blocker Inserter Compression and Distraction Construct Tightening Closure Catalog Indications

4 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Acknowledgments Stryker Spine wishes to thank the following physicians for authoring this surgical technique. Dan Cohen, MD Nils Hansen-Algenstaedt, MD Terrence Julien, MD Reginald Knight, MD Jeffrey Roh, MD Introduction One primary objective of Stryker Spine's Less Invasive Technologies (LITe) is to replicate the clinical results of the corresponding open procedure. At the moment there is insufficient data to show that minimally invasive spine surgery provides any short and long term benefit to patients when compared to traditional spine surgery. Important This Surgical Technique sets forth detailed, recommended procedures for using the MANTIS Redux Spinal System. It offers guidance that you should heed but as with any such technical guide, each surgeon must consider the particular needs of each patient and make appropriate adjustments when necessary and as required. Always refer to the package insert, product label and/or instructions before using any Stryker implant or instrument. Note: No acid or alkaline solvents should be used in the cleaning of anodized components. Note: Upon the completion of each surgical procedure, use adequate suction and irrigation to ensure the removal of any existing non-implantable materials. Note: This is intended as a guide only. There are multiple techniques, and as with any surgical procedure, a surgeon should be thoroughly trained before proceeding.

5 Key Design Features Device Titanium Polyaxial Reduction Screws Xia 3 Bone Screw Intraoperative Rod Options Low Profile Spondy Reduction Guaranteed Rod Seating Comments 1) 4.5mm x 25-45mm 2) 5.5mm x 30-55mm 3) 6.5mm x 30-60mm 4) 7.5mm x 30-90mm 5) 8.5mm x 30-90mm Cannulated Xia 3 design offers a much more rigid connection to the screwdriver. Accepts Titanium and Vitallium rods in 5.5mm and 6.0mm diameters. The tulip is lower profile than the MANTIS screwhead when broken off. The surgeon should be able to reduce a spondy with the implant. Provides for a larger margin of error when introducing the rod. The surgeon can use the implant to fully seat the rod every time. Reduction Tab Removal Instrument Self guiding instrument that can be used to break off and remove tabs percutaneously.

6 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Patient Positioning Patient Positioning MANTIS Redux can be used under local, epidural, spinal or general anesthesia. General anesthesia is commonly used since it is the most comfortable for the patient and allows immediate postoperative neurological assessment. t The patient is prepped and draped in the usual sterile manner for posterior fusion with pedicle screw fixation. Figure 1 Markings t Using A/P imaging, place the K-Wire transversely across the mid-line of the cephalad pedicles. Figure 2A 6 Figure 2B

7 Instrument Bar Sharp Blunt K-Wire Patient Positioning Figure 3A Figure 3B t Repeat for additional pedicles. 7

8 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Patient Positioning K-Wire Insertion Carefully determine the appropriate entry point and trajectory for the MANTIS Redux Screw. t For pedicle screws, the entry point is approximately 4cm off mid-line with a more lateral trajectory. t Incise the skin. A fascial incision may be done to make tissue dilation easier. Note: If tissue dilation is difficult, increase the fascial incision. Figure 4 K-Wire Insertion t Insert the Jam Shidi through the skin incision to the intersection of the facet and transverse process. t Confirm that the appropriate pedicle starting place has been determined using both A/P and lateral images. Note: The diameter of the MANTIS K-Wire is 1.3mm. Note: The Radius K-Wire is not compatible with the MANTIS Spinal System. Figure 5 t Use the Jam Shidi needle to gain access to the pedicle. t After placing the Jam Shidi at the intersection of the facet and the transverse process, the needle may be advanced partially through the pedicle using the Slap Hammer. 8 Figure 6

9 Instrument Bar 10 Gauge, 9 inch Gauge, 5 inch Gauge, 5 inch Gauge, 5 inch Jam Shidi K-Wire Insertion Patient Positioning Slap Hammer Figure 7 Sharp Blunt K-Wire t As the pedicle is navigated with the Jam Shidi, it should approach the medial wall of the pedicle on the A/P view and should approach the base of the pedicle on the lateral view. Figure 8 t When the needle reaches the medial wall on the A/P view, verification needs to be performed in the lateral view to ensure that the needle is past the base of the pedicle. 9

10 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique t Remove the inner trocar of the Jam Shidi. K-Wire Insertion Figure 9 t The removal of the Jam Shidi inner trocar allows the K-Wire to be inserted into the pedicle. t Caution should be practiced with regard to the position of the K-Wire in order to avoid the advancement of the K-Wire. Note: The K-Wire is a single use instrument. Note: The Radius K-Wire is not compatible with MANTIS products. Figure 10 Use the K-Wire Guide Tube to prevent the K-Wire from bending or moving during insertion. t Place the K-Wire Guide Tube over the K-Wire and dock on the Jam Shidi. t Use the Slap Hammer to impact the K-Wire. 10 Figure 11

11 Instrument Bar 10 Gauge, 9 inch Gauge, 5 inch Gauge, 5 inch Gauge, 5 inch Jam Shidi Sharp Blunt K-Wire K-Wire Insertion Figure K-Wire Guide Tube t Once the K-Wire is inserted, remove the outer shaft of the Jam Shidi Slap Hammer t Hold the K-Wire in position when removing the Jam Shidi. 11

12 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Dilation t Place the Slim Dilator over the K-Wire, through the incision. t Advance the Slim Dilator, over the K-Wire, through the tissue twisting clockwise while directing it toward the pedicle. Dilation t The Slim Dilator is advanced through the lumbodorsal fascia. t Location of the Slim Dilator is confirmed using imaging. Figure 13 t Note the depth marking of the Slim Dilator in relation to the skin. Note: Feel, fluoroscopy, anatomical knowledge, review of preoperative images and partial visualization may all contribute towards desired instrument placement accuracy. Note: The dilators have depth markings laser etched which correlate to the blade lengths. t Choose a Redux Blade length based on where the top of the skin meets the Slim Dilator. Note: If the skin is exactly on the marking on the Slim Dilator, choose the longer blade size. Figure 14 t Sequentially slide Dilator 2, Dilator 3 and the Hollow Dilator over the Slim Dilator to sequentially penetrate and gently dissect soft tissue down to the pedicle. t Twist the dilators clockwise during insertion to engage the thread features. 12 Figure 15

13 Instrument Bar Slim Dilator Sharp Blunt K-Wire Size 1 3-5cm Size 2 5-7cm Size 3 7-9cm Size cm Size cm Redux Blade Dilation Figure 16 t Remove the initial dilators after inserting the Hollow Dilator. t The Hollow Dilator remains in place as the working channel for pedicle preparation Dilator Dilator Hollow Dilator 13

14 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Pedicle Preparation t With the Hollow Dilator still in place, prepare the pedicle by placing the Cannulated Modular Awl over the K-Wire and impact into the pedicle with a twisting motion. t Hold the K-Wire in position when removing the awl. Dilation t Use the cannulation of the Slap Hammer to impact the awl. Note: The awl has a stop at 12mm. Figure 17 t If the bone is too hard, the appropriate tap may be used to prepare the pedicle. t The Cannulated Modular Taps are designed to be used with the Tap Sleeve and laser etched with 5mm intervals to help indicate the depth at which the tap has been inserted. This is designed to help determine proper screw length. Note: The length of the taps thread is 25mm. Note: The Cannulated Modular Taps are intended to be used with the MANTIS Tap Sleeve. This technique will not work with the Xia Precision Tap Sleeve, as it is shorter. Figure 18 Note: The Tap Sleeve is not compatible with the 8.5mm Tap. t As an instrument advances into the pedicle, the proximal end of the instrument will move relative to the markings on the K-Wire. If this does not occur, the surgeon should stop and fluoroscopy should be used to verify the position of the K-Wire. Note: 1cm interval markings on the K-Wire provide the cannulated instruments change in depth in the pedicle. Note: Cantilevering the Awl and Taps while in the pedicle may damage the instrument. 14 Figure 19

15 Instrument Bar Hollow Dilator Cannulated Modular Awl Sharp Blunt K-Wire Dilation Figure 20 t Check pedicle depth with either fluoroscopy or read the depth from the Tap Sleeve as it moves along the proximal edge of the tap. There are markings at 30mm, 40mm and 50mm. Note: The Tap Sleeve is made of radiolucent Ultem Poly Ether Imide. Note: Slide the Tap Sleeve proximal to the tap shaft to engage the friction fit. This prevents the Tap Sleeve from sliding off the tap Slap Hammer 4.5mm mm mm mm mm Cannulated Modular Tap Tap Sleeve Figure 21 t Hold the K-Wire in position when removing the tap. The Hollow Dilator can now be removed. Hold the K-Wire in position when removing the Hollow Dilator. 15

16 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Screw Insertion With the pedicle pathways prepared and proper screw length and diameter selected, the screw is prepared for insertion. Screw Insertion Figure 22 Assemble each pair of Redux Blades into the Redux Screw. t Orient the screw so that the tulip posts are pointing up. t Insert the appropriate size blade into each side of the tulip posts and spread apart. Note: Blade size is chosen from the measurement taken from the dilator. Figure 23 t Orient the Sliding Ring with the flat side down. t Insert the blades through the bottom of the Sliding Ring. t Repeat this process for additional screws. Note: If a lower profile is desired, the Slim Ring may be used as an alternative to the Sliding Ring. Note: The MANTIS Redux Blades are not compatible with the MANTIS Persuader. 16 Figure 24

17 Instrument Bar The MANTIS Redux Screws have 3 cutting flutes to allow a surgeon to eliminate the tapping step. The screws may be inserted immediately after the K-Wire is introduced. However, in most cases, tapping is recommended. See Catalog Long Arm PA Screw Size 1 3-5cm Size 2 5-7cm Size 3 7-9cm Size cm Size cm Redux Blade Slim Ring Screw Insertion Sharp Blunt K-Wire Figure 25 The 6 point star Screw head is designed: t For faster and intuitive engagement with the Screwdriver. t To prevent screwhead stripping. t For reengagement for screw adjustments. 17

18 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique The Polyaxial Screwdriver allows for a rigid connection between the screws and the screwdriver. T-Handle Inner Shaft Outer Shaft A primary design goal of the MANTIS Redux system is to improve the connection between the screwdriver and screws. The screwdriver is improved to decrease toggle at 2 integral points of connection: T-Handle Ratchet t Screwdriver to Screw Interface Screw Insertion t Screwdriver to Shaft Interface The locking feature provides tactile, visual and audible confirmation that the screwdriver is securely locked. Round Handle Sleeve for Screwdriver Round Handle Ratchet The Polyaxial Screwdriver can be connected to the following Handles: T-Handle Ratchet Round Handle Ratchet T-Handle Non-Ratchet Round Handle Non-Ratchet 18

19 Instrument Bar Polyaxial Screwdriver Shaft for Polyaxial Screwdriver Figure 26 To assemble the Polyaxial Screwdriver: Step 1 Press the UNLOCK button on the outer shaft T-Handle Non-Ratchet T-Handle Ratchet Screw Insertion Round Handle Non-Ratchet Figure Round Handle Ratchet Step 2 Insert the Shaft for Polyaxial Screwdriver down the outer shaft. Figure 28 Step 3 Slide the sleeve for the screwdriver up the inner shaft. Verify the sleeve for screwdriver is completely bottomed out. 19

20 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Step 4 Align the tabs and fully insert the quick connect mechanism into the shaft. Figure 29 Screw Insertion Step 5 Hold the screw by the threads and engage the tabs on the inner shaft onto the saddle of the screw head. Figure 30 Step 6 Fully seat the inner shaft into the screwhead. Turn the outer shaft clockwise using the LOCK button until the threads are fully engaged. Figure 31 Step 7 (Optional) If the ratchet sound is not present, confirm locking by pressing the LOCK Button. 20 Figure 32

21 Instrument Bar Polyaxial Screwdriver Shaft for Polyaxial Screwdriver Sharp Blunt K-Wire Figure 33 Place the screwdriver over the K-Wire and insert into the pedicle. Screw Insertion Figure 34 After driving the screw into the pedicle, remove the K-Wire to prevent it from advancing. 21

22 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Be certain that the screw is not inserted too far. If the polyaxial head of the screw is driven to forcefully against bone, it will lose its polyaxial capabilities making it difficult to connect the assemblies during subsequent steps. Note: Use imaging and monitoring, as preferred, for added information during bone screw insertion. To disengage the screwdriver from the screw, press and release the UNLOCK button. Rotate outer shaft counter-clockwise while firmly holding the handle. Repeat the process for additional screws. Screw Insertion Figure 35 Screw Alignment t Insert the Rod Contouring Shafts into the screw head. The Rod Contouring Shafts should be firmly seated into the screw heads. Note: The laser markings on the Rod Contouring Shafts correspond to the blades to indicate that the shafts are properly seated. Note: It is recommended to use the Rod Contouring Shafts when manipulating the screw heads. Figure 36 Note: The polyaxial bone screws may provisionally lock upon insertion. With the Rod Contouring Shafts in place, rotate the blades to unlock the heads before introducing the rod. Screw Adjustment The screw heights may be adjusted as needed using the Poly Adjustment Driver. Use fluoroscopic images to confirm. The Poly Adjustment Driver can be inserted through the cannulas of the Rod Contouring Shafts. 22 Figure 37

23 Instrument Bar Rod Contouring Shaft Poly Adjustment Driver Rod Contouring Linkage Figure 38 t Align the Rod Contouring Shafts so that they are parallel. t Attach the Rod Contouring Linkage to the Rod Contouring Shafts. As needed, attach additional Rod Contouring Linkages, alternating sides Extended Rod Contouring Linkage Screw Insertion Figure 39 t Lock the Rod Contouring Linkages into place by twisting the wing nut clockwise. The indicator should be flush on top. Note: By locking the Rod Contouring Shafts in parallel, the top of the shafts reproduce the relative spacing of the screws above the skin. Note: If the distance between screws is too great, use the Extended Rod Contouring Linkage 23

24 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Rod Insertion The MANTIS Spinal System offers a comprehensive selection of Rods and Rod Inserters. The MANTIS Hex End Rods allow for a rigid connection between the Rod and Rod Inserter for easy insertion and manipulation. There are three types of Rod Inserters available: 90 degree fixed Rod Inserter 110 degree fixed Rod Inserter Adjustable Rod Inserter Figure 40 Rod Insertion t Choose the appropriate length Rod and desired Rod Inserter. t Insert the Rod Inserter Shaft into the Rod Inserter. t Attach the appropriate Rod to the Rod Inserter. The Rod should be attached from the side of the Rod Inserter that has a groove in the handle. Note: The MANTIS Hex End Rods are laser marked with a dotted line to indicate their orientation. Ensure that the line is facing up when attached to the Rod Inserter. t Lock the Rod into position by twisting the knob on the handle clockwise. Figure 41 Note: When using the Adjustable Rod Inserter, attach the Rod in the 0 position. The angle of the Rod may be changed intraoperatively by turning the distal knob under the handle. The Rod can be angled up to 20 degrees. Note: The Rod Inserter should be disassembled before cleaning. To disassemble, press the button on the handle and rotate the knob counter-clockwise. 24 Figure 42 t Insert the rod percutaneously from either the cephalad or caudal side through the blades. Using direct visualization, guide the rod through each pair of blades. Note: The rod is to be inserted from the open side of the Sliding Ring.

25 Instrument Bar Adjustable Rod Inserter Slim Ring Rod Gripper Figure 43 Note: Ensure that the Rod overhangs the distal screwhead. Rod Insertion Figure 44 t The Rod Gripper may be used for adjustment of the rod. t Insert the Rod Gripper down the blades. Squeeze the handle to engage the rod. t Manipulate the rod as needed. 25

26 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Blocker Inserter t Use the Counter Torque Tube as an insertion tube to facilitate alignment of the Blocker with the tulip. Note: The laser markings on the Counter Torque Tube correspond to the blades to indicate that the instrument is properly seated. t Slide the Blocker Inserter and Blocker through the Counter Torque Tube and into the screw head. Note: It is recommended to insert the most distal Blocker first. Figure 45 t Rotate the Blocker clockwise to seat the blocker. t Repeat for other bone screws. Note: The Blocker Inserter is not intended to be used for final tightening. Blocker Inserter Compression and Distraction Figure 46 t Once the rod is sufficiently captured in the screws, detach the Rod Inserter from the rod by turning the knob on the Rod Inserter counter-clockwise. Note: There is a mechanical stop to indicate that the Rod Inserter is fully disengaged. Note: The Adjustable Rod Inserter should be lubricated between use. Note: The Rod Inserter is to be removed along the axis of the rod. Compression and Distraction t To achieve compression and distraction, insert the Compression & Distraction Shaft and Compression & Distraction Hinge through the blades and into the screw heads. t Note the laser marking on the shafts to ensure that the shafts are fully seated. Note: The Compression & Distraction Shaft and Hinge are to be oriented so that the eyelets are located on the outside. 26 Figure 47

27 Instrument Bar Counter Torque Tube LITe Blocker Blocker Inserter Figure 48 t Mate the tops of the Compression & Distraction Shaft and Hinge using the connecting feature Adjustable Rod Inserter Compression & Distraction Shaft Blocker Inserter Compression & Distraction Hinge Reduction Helper Compression and Distraction Figure 49 t To distract, insert the Distractor into the eyelets of the Compression & Distraction Shaft and Hinge. Squeeze the Distractor to apply the appropriate distraction. In case of challenging blocker seating, a Reduction Helper may be used. Remove the ring and replace with the Reduction Helper. It strengthens the Redux tulip arms during blocker insertion. Distraction/compression and construct tightening steps can be performed using the Reduction Helper in place. 27

28 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique t To compress, insert the Compressor into the eyelets of the Compression & Distraction Shaft and Hinge. Squeeze the Compressor to apply the appropriate distraction. Note: The Compression & Distraction Shaft and Hinge are cannulated to allow for Blocker introduction. Figure 50 Compression and Distraction Construct Tightening Tab Removal Figure 51 Construct Tightening Once the correction procedures have been carried out and the spine is fixed in satisfactory position, the final tightening of the Blocker is done by utilizing the Counter Torque Tube and Torque Wrench. t Dock the Counter Torque Tube on the screw. t Note the depth markings on the Counter Torque Tube to ensure that it is fully engaged with the screw. t Insert the Torque Wrench into the Counter Torque Tube to engage the Blocker. t Line up the two arrows on the Torque Wrench to achieve the best possible torque of 12Nm for final tightening of the implants. Note: The Counter Torque Tube must be used for final tightening. The Counter Torque Tube performs two important functions: 1. It allows the Torque Wrench to align with the axis of the tightening axis. 2. It allows one to apply the torque needed to lock the implant assembly without applying the torque to the rest of the construct. Note: If the Counter Torque Tube cannot be easily removed from the implant head, the rod may not be fully seated. Note: The Xia Torque Wrench is not compatible with MANTIS Redux. 28

29 Instrument Bar Compression & Distraction Shaft Compression & Distraction Hinge Distractor Figure 52 Tab Removal Once final tightening has taken place, the MANTIS Redux screw tabs are broken off. A snap line allows a clean and easy break Compressor t Remove the Sliding Ring from the blades by pulling up Counter Torque Tube Torque Wrench Compression and Distraction Slim Ring Construct Tightening Figure Tab Breaker Tab Removal Slide the Tab Breaker over the blades and over the MANTIS Redux screw tabs. 29

30 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique t The Tab Breaker is rocked in a back and forth motion to break the screw tab. t The Tab Breaker will retain both the blades and the screw tab. 1 2 Figure 54 t The Tab Breaker is removed from the incision. t Remove the blade and screw tab from the Tab Breaker. t Repeat for all other screws. Note: The tab breaker has a large window to hold the blade during removal. Tab Removal Figure 55 30

31 Instrument Bar Tab Breaker Figure 56 Closure Examine the site for bleeding. If accessible, close the fascia with one or two interrupted sutures. The subcutaneous tissue is closed in an inverted manner. A subcuticular closure is performed. Cover the skin edge with clear waterproof dressing. Tab Removal 31

32 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Catalog # Description Implant Part Numbers Catalog Long Arm PA Screw 4.5mm x 25mm Long Arm PA Screw 4.5mm x 30mm Long Arm PA Screw 4.5mm x 35mm Long Arm PA Screw 4.5mm x 40mm Long Arm PA Screw 4.5mm x 45mm Long Arm PA Screw 5.5mm x 30mm Long Arm PA Screw 5.5mm x 35mm Long Arm PA Screw 5.5mm x 40mm Long Arm PA Screw 5.5mm x 45mm Long Arm PA Screw 5.5mm x 50mm Long Arm PA Screw 5.5mm x 55mm Long Arm PA Screw 6.5mm x 30mm Long Arm PA Screw 6.5mm x 35mm Long Arm PA Screw 6.5mm x 40mm Long Arm PA Screw 6.5mm x 45mm Long Arm PA Screw 6.5mm x 50mm Long Arm PA Screw 6.5mm x 55mm Long Arm PA Screw 6.5mm x 60mm Long Arm PA Screw 7.5mm x 30mm Long Arm PA Screw 7.5mm x 35mm Long Arm PA Screw 7.5mm x 40mm Long Arm PA Screw 7.5mm x 45mm Long Arm PA Screw 7.5mm x 50mm Long Arm PA Screw 7.5mm x 55mm Long Arm PA Screw 7.5mm x 60mm Long Arm PA Screw 7.5mm x 70mm Long Arm PA Screw 7.5mm x 80mm Long Arm PA Screw 7.5mm x 90mm Long Arm PA Screw 8.5mm x 30mm Long Arm PA Screw 8.5mm x 35mm Long Arm PA Screw 8.5mm x 40mm Long Arm PA Screw 8.5mm x 45mm Long Arm PA Screw 8.5mm x 50mm Long Arm PA Screw 8.5mm x 55mm Long Arm PA Screw 8.5mm x 60mm Long Arm PA Screw 8.5mm x 70mm Long Arm PA Screw 8.5mm x 80mm Long Arm PA Screw 8.5mm x 90mm LITe Blocker 32

33 Catalog # Description Instrument Part Numbers Screwdriver Shaft for Polyaxial Screwdriver T-Handle Ratchet Round Handle Ratchet T-Handle Non-Ratchet Round Handle Non-Ratchet Blade Size Blade Size Blade Size Blade Size Blade Size Contouring Shaft Tab Breaker Counter Torque Tube Compression Shaft Compression Hinge Reduction Helper Poly Adjustment Driver Tray Catalog MANTIS Torque Wrench Slim Ring mm Tap 33

34 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Indications and Contraindications Indications MANTIS Spinal System The MANTIS & MANTIS Redux Spinal Systems are intended for percutaneous, posterior, noncervical pedicle and non-pedicle fixation of the spine to provide immobilization and stabilization of spinal segments in skeletally mature patients as an adjunct to fusion for the following indications: degenerative disc disease (DDD) (defined as back pain of discogenic origin with degeneration of the disc confirmed by history and radiographic studies); spondylolisthesis, trauma (i.e., fracture or dislocation), spinal stenosis, curvatures (i.e.,scoliosis, kyphosis, and/or lordosis), tumor, pseudoarthrosis and failed previous fusion. The Titanium & VITALLIUM rods from the Stryker Spine RADIUS Spinal System are intended to be used with the other components of MANTIS & MANTIS Redux Spinal Systems. Indications Contraindications Contraindications may be relative or absolute. The choice of a particular device must be carefully weighed against the patient s overall evaluation. Circumstances listed below may reduce the chances of a successful outcome: t Any abnormality present which affects the normal process of bone remodeling including, but not limited to, severe osteoporosis involving the spine, bone absorption, osteopenia, primary or metastatic tumors involving the spine, active infection at the site or certain metabolic disorders affecting osteogenesis. t Insufficient quality or quantity of bone which would inhibit rigid device fixation. t Previous history of infection. t Excessive local inflammation. t Open wounds. t Any neuromuscular deficit which places an unusually heavy load on the device during the healing period. t Obesity. An overweight or obese patient can produce loads on the spinal system which can lead to failure of the fixation of the device or to failure of the device itself. t Patients having inadequate tissue coverage of the operative site. t Pregnancy. t A condition of senility, mental illness, or substance abuse. These conditions, among others, may cause the patient to ignore certain necessary limitations and precautions in the use of the implant, leading to failure or other complications. t Foreign body sensitivity. Where material sensitivity is suspected, appropriate tests should be made prior to material selection or implantation. t Other medical or surgical conditions which would preclude the potential benefit of spinal implant surgery, such as the presence of tumors, congenital abnormalities, elevation of sedimentation rate unexplained by other diseases, elevation of white blood cell count (WBC), or marked left shift in the WBC differential count. These contraindications can be relative or absolute and must be taken into account by the physician when making his decision. The above list is not exhaustive. 34

35 General Conditions of Use The implantation of pedicle screw spinal systems must be performed only by experienced spinal surgeons having undergone the necessary specific training in the use of such systems because this is a technically demanding procedure presenting a risk of serious injury to the patient. The information contained in the Package Insert is necessary but not sufficient for the use of this device. This information is in no sense intended as a substitute for the professional judgment, skill and experience of the surgeon in careful patient selection, preoperative planning and device selection, knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics of the spine, understanding of the materials and the mechanical characteristics of the implants used, training and skill in spinal surgery and the use of associated instruments for implantation, securing the patient s cooperation in following an appropriately defined post-operative management program and conducting scheduled post-operative follow-up examinations. Information for Patients The surgeon must discuss all physical and psychological limitations inherent to the use of the device with the patient. This includes the rehabilitation regimen, physical therapy, and wearing an appropriate orthosis as prescribed by the physician. Particular discussion must be directed to the issues of premature weight bearing, activity levels, and the necessity for periodic medical follow-up. The surgeon must warn the patient of the surgical risks and made aware of possible adverse effects. The surgeon must warn the patient that the device cannot and does not replicate the flexibility, strength, reliability or durability of normal healthy bone, that the implant can break or become damaged as a result of strenuous activity or trauma, and that the device may need to be replaced in the future. If the patient is involved in an occupation or activity which applies inordinate stress upon the implant (e.g., substantial walking, running, lifting, or muscle strain) the surgeon must advise the patient that resultant forces can cause failure of the device. Patients who smoke have been shown to have an increased incidence of non-unions. Surgeons must advise patients of this fact and warn of the potential consequences. For diseased patients with degenerative disease, the progression of degenerative disease may be so advanced at the time of implantation that it may substantially decrease the expected useful life of the appliance. In such cases, orthopaedic devices may be considered only as a delaying technique or to provide temporary relief. Infection Transient bacteremia can occur in daily life. Dental manipulation, endoscopic examination and other minor surgical procedures have been associated with transient bacteremia. To help prevent infection at the implant site, it is advisable to use antibiotic prophylaxis before and after such procedures. Implant Selection and Use The choice of proper shape, size and design of the implant for each patient is crucial to the success of the surgery. The surgeon is responsible for this choice which depends on each patient. Patients who are overweight may be responsible for additional stresses and strains on the device which can speed up metal fatigue and/or lead to deformation or failure of the implants. The size and shape of the bone structures determine the size, shape and type of the implants. Once implanted, the implants are subjected to stresses and strains. These Indications 35

36 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique repeated stresses on the implants should be taken into consideration by the surgeon at the time of the choice of the implant, during implantation as well as in the postoperative follow-up period. Indeed, the stresses and strains on the implants may cause metal fatigue or fracture or deformation of the implants, before the bone graft has become completely consolidated. This may result in further side effects or necessitate the early removal of the osteosynthesis device. Improper selection, placement, positioning and fixation of these devices may result in unusual stress conditions reducing the service life of the implant. Contouring or bending of rods or plates is recommended only if necessary according to the surgical technique of each system. Rods or plates should only be contoured with the proper contouring instruments. Incorrectly contoured rods/plates, or rods/plates which have been repeatedly or excessively contoured must not be implanted. The surgeon is to be thoroughly familiar with the surgical procedure, instruments and implant characteristics prior to performing surgery. Refer to the Stryker Spine surgical protocols for additional procedural information. Periodic follow-up is recommended to monitor the position and state of the implants, as well as the condition of the adjoining bone. Post-Operative Care Prior to adequate maturation of the fusion mass, implanted spinal instrumentation may need additional help to accommodate full load bearing. External support may be recommended by the physician from two to four months postoperatively or until x- rays or other procedures confirm adequate maturation of the fusion mass; external immobilization by bracing or casting be employed. Surgeons must instruct patients regarding appropriate and restricted activities during consolidation and maturation for the fusion mass in order to prevent placing excessive stress on the implants which may lead to fixation or implant failure and accompanying clinical problems. Surgeons must instruct patients to report any unusual changes of the operative site to his/her physician. The physician should closely monitor the patient if a change at the site has been detected. Indications 36 Adverse Effects t While the expected life of spinal implant components is difficult to estimate, it is finite. These components are made of foreign materials which are placed within the body for the potential fusion of the spine and reduction of pain. However, due to the many biological, mechanical and physicochemical factors which affect these devices but cannot be evaluated in vivo, the components cannot be expected to indefinitely withstand the activity level and loads of normal healthy bone. t Bending, disassembly or fracture of any or all implant components. t Fatigue fracture of spinal fixation devices, including screws and rods, has occurred. t Pain, discomfort, or abnormal sensations due to the presence of the device. t Pressure on skin from components where inadequate tissue coverage exists over the implant, with the potential extrusion through the skin. t Dural leak requiring surgical repair. t Loss of proper spinal curvature, correction, height and/or reduction. t Delayed Union or Nonunion: Internal fixation appliances are load sharing devices which are used to obtain alignment until normal healing occurs. In the event that healing is delayed, does not occur, or failure to immobilize the delayed/nonunion results, the implant will be subject to excessive and repeated stresses which can eventually cause loosening, bending or fatigue fracture. The degree or success of union, loads produced by weight bearing, and activity levels will, among other conditions, dictate the longevity of the implant. If a nonunion develops or if the

37 implants loosen, bend or break, the device(s) should be revised or removed immediately before serious injury occurs. t Loosening of spinal fixation implants can occur. Early mechanical loosening may result from inadequate initial fixation, latent infection, premature loading of the prosthesis or trauma. Late loosening may result from trauma, infection, biological complications or mechanical problems, with the subsequent possibility of bone erosion, migration and/or pain. t Peripheral neuropathies, nerve damage, heterotopic bone formation and neurovascular compromise, including paralysis, loss of bowel or bladder function, or foot-drop may occur. t Serious complications may be associated with any spinal surgery. These complications include, but are not limited to: genitourinary disorders; gastrointestinal disorders; vascular disorders, including thrombus; bronchopulmonary disorders, including emboli; bursitis, hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, infection, paralysis or death. t Neurological, vascular, or soft tissue damage due directly to the unstable nature of the fracture, or to surgical trauma. t Inappropriate or improper surgical placement of this device may cause distraction or stress shielding of the graft or fusion mass. This may contribute to failure of an adequate fusion mass to form. t Decrease in bone density due to stress shielding. t Intraoperative fissure, fracture, or perforation of the spine can occur due to implantation of the components. Postoperative fracture of bone graft, the intervertebral body, pedicle, and/or sacrum above and/or below the level of surgery can occur due to trauma, the presence of defects, or poor bone stock. Adverse effects may necessitate reoperation or revision. Removal of Implants These implants are temporary internal fixation devices designed to stabilize the operative site during the normal healing process. After healing occurs, these devices serve no functional purpose and can be removed. Removal may also be recommended in other cases, such as: t Corrosion with a painful reaction t Migration of the implant, with subsequent pain and/or neurological, articular or soft tissue lesions t Pain or abnormal sensations due to the presence of the implants t Infection or inflammatory reactions t Reduction in bone density due to the different distribution of mechanical and physiological stresses and strains t Failure or mobilization of the implant Standard ancillaries provided by Stryker Spine can be used to remove the implants. Any decision by a physician to remove the internal fixation device must take into consideration such factors as the risk to the patient of the additional surgical procedure as well as the difficulty of removal. Removal of an unloosened spinal screw may require the use of special instruments to disrupt the interface at the implant surface. This technique may require practice in the laboratory before being attempted clinically. Implant removal should be followed by adequate postoperative management to avoid fracture or re-fracture. Removal of the implant after fracture healing is recommended. Metallic implants can loosen, bend, fracture, corrode, migrate, cause pain or stress shield bone. Indications 37

38 MANTIS Redux Surgical Technique Pre-operative Precautions Anyone using Stryker Spine products can obtain a Surgical Technique brochure by requesting one from a distributor or from Stryker Spine directly. Those using brochures published more than two years before the surgical intervention are advised to get an updated version. Stryker Spine devices can only be used by doctors who are fully familiar with the surgical technique required and who have been trained to this end. The doctor operating must take care not to use the instruments to exert inappropriate stress on the spine or the implants and must scrupulously comply with any operating procedure described in the surgical technique provided by Stryker Spine. For example, the forces exerted when repositioning an instrument in-situ must not be excessive as this is likely to causes injury to the patient. To reduce the risks of breakage, care must be taken not to distort the implants or nick, hit or score them with the instruments unless otherwise specified by the applicable Stryker Spine Surgical Technique. Extreme care must be taken when the instruments are used near vital organs, nerves or vessels. Unless otherwise specified on the label, the instruments can be reused after decontamination, cleaning and sterilization. Caution Federal law (U.S.A) restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a licensed physician. Warning (U.S.A.) The safety and effectiveness of pedicle screw spinal systems have been established only for spinal conditions with significant mechanical instability or deformity requiring fusion with instrumentation. These conditions are significant mechanical instability or deformity of the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine secondary to spondylolisthesis (grades 3 and 4) of the L5-S1 vertebrae, degenerative spondylolisthesis with objective evidence of neurological impairment, fracture, dislocation, scoliosis, kyphosis, spinal tumor, and failed previous fusion (pseudoarthrosis). The safety and effectiveness of these devices for any other conditions are unknown. The Mantis Spinal System has not been tested for heating or migration in the MR environment. Precautions (U.S.A.) The implantation of pedicle screw spinal systems should be performed only by experienced spinal surgeons with specific training in the use of this pedicle screw spinal system because this is a technically demanding procedure presenting a risk of serious injury to the patient. Indications 38

39 Notes

40 325 Corporate Drive Mahwah, NJ t: A surgeon must always rely on his or her own professional clinical judgment when deciding whether to use a particular product when treating a particular patient. Stryker does not dispense medical advice and recommends that surgeons be trained in the use of any particular product before using it in surgery. The information presented is intended to demonstrate the breadth of Stryker product offerings. A surgeon must always refer to the package insert, product label and/or instructions for use before using any Stryker product. Products may not be available in all markets because product availability is subject to the regulatory and/or medical practices in individual markets. Please contact your Stryker representative if you have questions about the availability of Stryker products in your area. Stryker Corporation or its divisions or other corporate affiliated entities own, use or have applied for the following trademarks or service marks: MANTIS and Stryker. All other trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners or holders. Literature Number: TLMANRST10082 MS/GS 7/11 Copyright 2011 Stryker Printed in USA