Evaluation of Yellow Rectangles for Capturing Rhagoletis Flies
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1 Evaluation of Yellow Rectangles for Capturing Rhagoletis Flies Western Cherry Fruit Fly, R. indifferens Apple maggot, R. pomonella Both flies are quarantine pests in the PNW; WCFF of cherries and AM of apples; Detection of flies, esp. of AM, is a main component of fly management.
2 About this PowerPoint These are supporting slides used by Wee Yee (USDA-ARS) in a January, 2011 presentation in Portland, Oregon. It focuses on Cherry Fruit Fly and has been accepted by the Journal of Economic Entomology for publication. An Apple Maggot version is coming. This slide show is provided as is without edits or script.
3 Reasons for evaluating yellow rectangle traps: 1. Pest boards use these traps for CFF; WSDA depends on these traps in their annual survey AM program, deploying 5,000-8,500 traps statewide. No commercial yellow rectangles have been compared for their attractiveness to flies. Researchers and regulatory agencies alike have assumed there is little/no work left in this area and that one yellow trap performs as well as any other. 2. Standard sticky material used on traps can adhere to hands and are not pleasant to handle; less messy sticky materials available. 3. Users of traps are unlikely to ever switch to red spheres on a large scale because they are more difficult to work with.
4 Sticky Yellow Rectangles Evaluated 1. Alpha Scents Yellow Card, UV stable hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive (HMPSA) 2. Phercon AM, tanglefoot (sticky gel) 3. Multigard, tanglefoot (sticky gel) 4. Olson (intermediate material) All baited with the same ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate lure, so only visual cues tested
5 Alpha Scents (HMPSA) Pherocon Multigard Olson
6 Color Space Values L*a*b* L* a* b* Alpha Scents Pherocon AM Multigard Olson ALL TRAPS DIFFERED IN COLOR (also Delta E)
7 1.0 8 Hemispherical Reflectance Factor Alpha Scents Pherocon AM
8 Relative Fluorescence 1.965e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e A. Alpha Scents Yellow Card B. Pherocon AM Trap
9 Retention of CFF on HMPSA and SG, Lab (n = 120) Proportion Caught A A A A HMPSA SG HMPSA SG Females Males
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13 Cherry Fruit Fly: Paired Tests of: Alpha Scents vs. Pherocon AM trap Trap Yakima Site # 1 (3 d) Yakima Site # 2 (3 d) Vancouver (1 d) Alpha Scents 17.8 (6.6)a (19.9)a 8.2 (2.4)a Pherocon 10.0 (3.8)b 83.6 (6.4)b 1.5 (0.5)b Times >
14 Modified Alpha Scents vs. Modified Pherocon AM trap (1) Alpha Scents coated with sticky gel (over the HMPSA) (2) Pherocon traps were cut to match size of Alpha Scents (3) Sticky gel was added to borders of the Pherocon trap so that sticky surface area was the same as of Alpha Scents This left yellow color and fluorescence as only major differences
15 Cherry Fruit Fly: Paired Tests of: Modified Alpha Scents vs. Modified Pherocon AM trap Trap Yakima Site # 1 (4 d) Yakima Site # 2 (4 d) Yakima, Site # 3 (3 d) Modified Alpha Scents 33.8 (7.4)a (37.0) 82.0 (14.4) Modified Pherocon 22.0 (6.5)b (21.9) (P = 0.057) 58.2 (6.5) (P =0.240) Times>
16 Apple Maggot Fly 1. Alpha Scents vs. Pherocon 2. Alpha Scents vs. Multigard 3. Pherocon vs. Multigard 4. Alpha Scents vs. Olson
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18 Apple Maggot Fly: Paired Tests of Alpha Scents YC vs. Pherocon AM trap Trap Woodland (28 d) St. Cloud (25 d) Alpha Scents 40.0 (7.7)a (20.7)a Pherocon Times > 11.0 (4.6)b (19.1)b 1.3
19 Apple Maggot Fly: Paired Tests of: Alpha Scents vs. Multigard and of Pherocon vs. Multigard Trap St. Cloud (25 d) Trap St. Cloud (25 d) Alpha Scents (63.9)a Pherocon 80.6 (17.1)a Multigard 74.0 (21.6)b Multigard 56.6 (10.4)b Times > 3.1 Times > 1.4
20 Apple Maggot Fly: Paired Tests of: Alpha Scents vs. Olson (two sizes) Trap St. Cloud (35 d) Trap St. Cloud (35 d) Alpha Scents 95.4 (14.0)a Alpha Scents (1.3)a Short Olson 44.2 (7.7)b Long Olson (2.0)b Times > 2.2 Times > 1.5
21 CONCLUSIONS Not all commercial yellow rectangles perform equally Alpha Scents Yellow Card captures more flies than the other two (CFF) or three yellow traps (AM) tested. The Alpha Scents is less messy to use because of the HMPSA. A disadvantage of HMPSA is that it is difficult to remove flies from it compared with SG (TangleFoot). Some evidence suggests the yellow color and not the HMPSA is responsible for the greater fly captures on the Alpha Scents trap Overall, the Alpha Scents Yellow Card is a viable alternative to other yellow rectangles for monitoring cherry fruit fly and apple maggot Cost: $1.20 per Alpha Scents trap (100 traps); $1.10 Pherocon.
22 Acknowledgments Darek Czokajlo (Alpha Scents, Inc.) Peter Chapman (USDA-ARS) Robert Goughnour (WSU-Vancouver)
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
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