Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abscess, with diabetic foot ulcers, 472 Achilles tendon, in calcanectomy, for osteomyelitis, 473, 483 in calcaneus anatomy, in Syme ankle disarticulation, 489 incisions of, based on angiosomes, Adjuvant interventions, endovascular, for peripheral arterial disease, Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), 411 Agility ankle replacement, in diabetic patients, 412, Amputation, in diabetic patients, below knee, for chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis, impaired wound healing with, complications leading to, dysvascular indications for, 393, , 407. See also Peripheral arterial disease (PAD). foot infections and, foot risk identification for, gait abnormality following, forefoot, indications for, limitation considerations of, 503 midfoot, normal gait vs., summary overview of, 501, 506 Syme, 505 transmetatarsal, 504 transtibial, incisions based on angiosomes, 461 partial foot, See also Partial foot amputation. reulceration after, See also Reulceration. shoes, orthoses, and prostheses for, See also Orthoses; Prostheses; Shoes/shoe modifications. Syme ankle disarticulation vs., 488 Syme, , 505. See also Syme ankle disarticulation. Anastomotic arteries, angiosomes and, Angiography, in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, endovascular interventions with, Angioplasty, percutaneous, for peripheral arterial disease, iliac artery stenting with, 407 Angiosomes, diabetic foot wound care and, arterial sources of, arterial-arterial connections of, Foot Ankle Clin N Am 15 (2010) doi: /s (10) /10/$ see front matter ª 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. foot.theclinics.com

2 526 Angiosomes (continued) anatomic and clinical evaluation of, anterior tibial and peroneal arteries, 452, 454 anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries, around the heel, 452, cruciate anastomosis as, 449, 456 dorsalis pedis and lateral plantar arteries, 456 of plantar foot, on dorsum of foot, 448, 450, 456 peroneal and posterior tibial arteries, definition and principles of, , 478 in calcaneus anatomy, 478 incisions based on, along medial and lateral foot, 459 at Achilles tendon, at lateral calcaneus, at plantar medial midfoot, for amputations, 461 on dorsum of foot, 461 over plantar heel, 459 principles for, 457 of anterior tibial artery, dorsalis pedis artery of, dorsal metatarsal artery plantar patterns of, dorsal metatarsal artery toe patterns of, 450 lateral vs. medial branches of, to dorsum of foot, , 451 peroneal artery connections to, posterior artery connections to, of peroneal artery, anterior perforating branch of, anterior tibial artery connections to, calcaneal branch of, posterior tibial artery connections to, of posterior tibial artery, anterior artery connections to, lateral plantar branch of, plantar metatarsal arteries of, 446, 448 medial calcaneal branch of, medial plantar branch of, 442, deep branch of, superficial branch of, peroneal artery connections to, revascularization planning based on, summary overview of, 439, 462 Angle of Gissane, in calcaneus anatomy, 478 Ankle, angiosomes of, Ankle arthrodesis, in diabetic patients, impaired healing of, biophysical stimulation for, orthobiologics for, subtalar,

3 527 Ankle foot orthosis (AFO), for diabetic patients, with lower extremity amputation, 505 with partial foot amputation, Arizona, 521 molded thermoplastic, with filler, Ankle fractures, in diabetic patients, Bibbo protocol for, 418 fixation techniques for, open, impaired healing of, 412, 414, 424 infection risks with, 479 Ankle-brachial index (ABI), in calcaneal osteomyelitis evaluation, 480 in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, 391, for surgical revascularization surveillance, 407 Syme ankle disarticulation and, Ankle-to-arm pressures, in diabetic foot ulcer evaluation, 469 Anterior perforating branch, of peroneal artery, as angiosome, Anterior tibial artery, angiosomes of, dorsalis pedis artery and, dorsal metatarsal artery plantar patterns of, dorsal metatarsal artery toe patterns of, 450 lateral vs. medial branches of, to dorsum of foot, , 451 peroneal artery connections to, posterior artery connections to, Antibiotic resistance, of bacteria, in diabetic wound infections, 467 Antibiotic-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) beads, for calcaneal wounds, 482 Antibiotics, for diabetic foot wound infections, postoperative, 416 Syme ankle disarticulation and, 489 for open calcaneal fractures, 479 Arizona AFO partial foot orthosis, for diabetic patients, with partial foot amputation, 521 Arterial anatomy, of calcaneus, wound healing role of, 478 of foot and ankle, See also Angiosomes. Arterial-arterial connections, of angiosomes, anatomic and clinical evaluation of, anterior tibial and peroneal arteries, 452, 454 anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries, around the heel, 452, cruciate anastomosis as, 449, 456 dorsalis pedis and lateral plantar arteries, 456 of plantar foot, on dorsum of foot, 448, 450, 456 peroneal and posterior tibial arteries, Autonomic neuropathy, in diabetic patient, foot infections and, 466 B Bacteria, in diabetic foot infections, 467 antibiotic indications based on, Balloon angioplasty, percutaneous, for peripheral arterial disease, Base layer materials, for foot orthoses,

4 528 Below knee amputation, for chronic osteomyelitis, of calcaneus, impaired wound healing with, in diabetic patients, Bibbo protocol, for ankle fracture management, in diabetic patients, 418 Biophysical stimulation devices, for bone and wound healing, in diabetic patients, 412, electrical bone stimulation as, LIPUS as, Blood pressure (BP), ankle-to-arm, in diabetic foot ulcer evaluation, 469 segmental recording of, in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, Blucher opening, on shoes, for diabetic patients, with partial foot amputation, 511 Bohler s angle, in calcaneus anatomy, Bone anatomy, of calcaneus, Bone grafts/grafting, for total ankle replacement, in diabetic patients, Bone healing, in diabetic patients, as impaired, clinical considerations of, impaired wound healing vs., intraoperative management of, fixation techniques in, orthobiologics in, bone morphogenetic proteins as, 420, current trends of, 420, platelet-rich plasma as, perioperative management of, biophysical stimulation in, electrical bone stimulation as, LIPUS as, glucose control in, oxygen in, risk factors influencing, 412 Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), for bone and wound healing, in diabetic patients, 420, Bone scan, 99m Technetium phosphonate, of calcaneal wounds, 481 Buerger test, for peripheral arterial disease, 396 Bypass conduits, prosthetic, of peripheral arterial disease, 407 C Calcaneal branch, medial, of posterior tibial artery, as angiosome, of peroneal artery, as angiosome, Calcaneal infections, anatomy review of, bone, vascular, 478 chronic osteomyelitis and, below knee amputation for, calcanectomy for, 483 treatment spectrum for, clinical evaluation of, etiologic perspectives for, 480 imaging studies in, 481 laboratory studies in, 481

5 soft-tissue coverage options for, fasciocutaneous/neuro-fasciocutaneous flaps as, 484 free flaps as, local muscle flaps as, 484 skin grafts as, , 484 summary overview of, 477, 485 wound healing risks with, for chronic pressure-related calcaneal wounds, for open fractures, 479 for operatively treated fractures, wound issues and treatment options with, acute full thickness wound dehiscence, acute partial wound dehiscence, 482 inability to achieve primary wound closure, Calcanectomy, for hindfoot osteomyelitis, chronic, 480, 483 in diabetic foot, Calcaneus, lateral incisions of, based on angiosomes, wounds of. See Calcaneal infections. Callus formation, in diabetic foot, partial foot amputation and, 495, Cardiovascular history, in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, 395 Cellulitis, postoperative, impaired wound healing related to, in diabetic patients, with diabetic foot ulcers, Center of pressure (CoP), of body, ankle foot orthosis and, 519 forefoot amputations and, 504 in normal gait, 502 midfoot amputations and, 505 Rocker soles and, 513 Charcot arthropathy, diabetic foot vs., osteomyelitis and, 472 Chicago boot, 518 Choke vessels, angiosomes and, Chopart amputation, in diabetic patient, gait abnormality following, partial foot prostheses for, Claudication, intermittent, with peripheral arterial disease, 392, 394 treatment of, Complete blood count with differential, in calcaneal wound evaluation, 481 Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) system, for custom foot orthoses, 517 Cork composite base layer, for foot orthoses, C-reactive protein (CRP), in calcaneal wound evaluation, 481 in diabetic foot ulcer evaluation, 469 Cruciate anastomosis, as arterial-arterial connection, 449, 456 CTA, of peripheral arterial disease, 395, Cultures, of diabetic wound infections, 467 antibiotic indications based on, Syme ankle disarticulation and, 489 Custom-made shoes, short vs. full-length, for diabetic patients, with partial foot amputation, 512 Custom-molded orthoses, for diabetic patients, with partial foot amputation,

6 530 D DC electrical bone stimulation, for bone and wound healing, in diabetic patients, Débridement, of chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis, 482 of diabetic foot infections, serial indications for, surgical indications for, Syme ankle disarticulation and, 489, 492 of open calcaneal fractures, 479 Deep branch, of medial plantar branch, of posterior tibial artery, as angiosome, Diabetes mellitus (DM), atherosclerotic disease related to, 392. See also Peripheral arterial disease (PAD). bone and wound healing with, clinical considerations of, impaired osseous healing, impaired wound healing, intraoperative management of, fixation techniques in, orthobiologics in, bone morphogenetic proteins as, 420, current trends of, 420, platelet-rich plasma as, perioperative management of, biophysical stimulation in, electrical bone stimulation as, LIPUS as, glucose control in, oxygen in, risk factors influencing, 412 summary overview of, , 432 economic impact of, 465 pathophysiology of, 411 Diabetic foot, amputation of. See Amputation. heel wounds of, infections of. See Calcaneal infections. related to peripheral neuropathy, infections of, amputation considerations with, clinical evaluation of, imaging studies in, laboratory studies in, 469 microbiology of, 467 pathophysiology of, 466 signs and symptoms of, 467, 471 summary overview of, 465, 473 treatment of, preventive examinations for, 467 trauma to. See Trauma. wound care for. See also Wound entries. angiosomes and, See also Angiosomes. Diabetic ulcers, clinical evaluation of, leading to amputation, 496

7 531 peripheral arterial disease presenting as, risk and prevention of, examination recommendations for, 467 following partial foot amputation, See also Reulceration. shear and plantar pressure as, Wagner classification of, 468 Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), intra-arterial, of peripheral arterial disease, 395, endovascular interventions with, Doppler ultrasound, in diabetic foot ulcer evaluation, 469 in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, 396, Syme ankle disarticulation and, Dorsal metatarsal artery plantar patterns, of dorsalis pedis artery, in anterior tibial artery angiosome, Dorsal metatarsal artery toe patterns, of dorsalis pedis artery, in anterior tibial artery angiosome, 450 Dorsalis pedis artery, anterior tibial artery angiosomes and, dorsal metatarsal artery plantar patterns of, dorsal metatarsal artery toe patterns of, 450 lateral vs. medial branches of, to dorsum of foot, , 451 lateral plantar artery connections to, 456 Dorsum, of foot, arterial-arterial connections on, 448, 450, 456 dorsalis pedis artery to, as anterior tibial artery angiosome, , 451 incisions based on angiosomes, 461 DSA. See Digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Dysvascular disease, lower extremity. See Peripheral arterial disease (PAD). E Economic impact, of diabetes mellitus, 465 Electrical bone stimulation, for bone and wound healing, in diabetic patients, 412, Endovascular interventions, for peripheral arterial disease, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), in calcaneal wound evaluation, 481 in diabetic foot ulcer evaluation, 469 Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), as base layer, for foot orthoses, as shoe sole, 510 Extended shank shoes, for diabetic patients, with partial foot amputation, , 518 Extensor hallucis brevis (EHB), forefoot amputation and, in diabetic patient, External fixation, for ankle fractures, in diabetic patients, 418 F Fasciocutaneous/neuro-fasciocutaneous flaps, for calcaneus infection coverage, 484 Femoral-popliteal artery bypass, for peripheral arterial disease, 407 Fibula-to-tibia tetra-cortical screw fixation, for ankle fractures, in diabetic patients, 418, 420 Filler, for ankle foot orthosis, TMA, with carbon fiber plate, for partial foot prostheses, Fishmouth incision, for Syme ankle disarticulation, Fixation techniques, for diabetic patients, with ankle fractures, , 424 with open calcaneal fractures, 479

8 532 Flap coverage, for infected calcaneal wounds, fasciocutaneous/neuro-fasciocutaneous, 484 free, local muscle, 484 Focal pressure keratosis, partial foot amputation and, in diabetic patients, shoes and, Foot, angiosomes of, arterial-arterial connections of, on dorsum, 448, 450, 456 plantar, configuration of, for weight bearing, 487 dorsalis pedis artery to dorsum of, as anterior tibial artery angiosome, , 451 examinations of, for diabetic patients, 467 incisions based on angiosomes, along medial and lateral, 459 on dorsum, 461 plantar pressure, as diabetic ulcer risk, peak gradient, 513 Foot pressures, focal, partial foot amputation and, outpatient management of, in calcaneal osteomyelitis, 480 in diabetic foot ulcer evaluation, 469 shear and plantar, in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, 395 plantar, as diabetic ulcer risk, peak gradient of, in TMA, 504 in TTA, 506 Forefoot amputation, in diabetic patient, gait abnormality following, Fractures, of ankle. See Ankle fractures. of calcaneus, infection risks with, open, 479 operatively treated, Free flaps, for calcaneus infection coverage, G Gait abnormality, following amputation, diabetic and other indications for, forefoot, limitation considerations of, 503 midfoot, normal gait vs., summary overview of, 501, 506 Syme, 505 transmetatarsal, 504 transtibial, Gait cycle, amputation impact on, 503. See also Gait abnormality. difficulties in diabetic patients, 503 orthopedic assessment of, 467 events and phases of, foot configuration and, 487 Rocker soles and, Syme ankle disarticulation and, 488 Gangrene, peripheral arterial disease presenting as, Glucose control (GC), in diabetic patients, calcaneal wounds and, 481

9 533 foot ulceration and, neuropathy related to, 466 wound healing and, impairment factors of, 411, 416 perioperative management of, Ground reaction force (GRF), in amputee gait, 503 midfoot amputation and, 505 Syme amputation and, 505 Growth factors, bone and wound healing role of, 421 H Hallux amputation, in diabetic patient, gait abnormality following, partial foot prostheses for, 518 Heel, arterial-arterial connections around, 452, plantar incisions of, based on angiosomes, 459 wounds of, infections of. See Calcaneal infections. related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy, Heel pad, Syme ankle disarticulation and, 488, Hemoglobin A1C, in calcaneal wound evaluation, 481 Hindfoot, osteomyelitis of, in diabetic patient, Hindfoot arthrodesis, LIPUS for healing of, History taking, in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, 395 Hyperglycemia, in diabetic patients. See Glucose control (GC). Hyperlipidemia, atherosclerotic disease related to, 392 Hypertension, atherosclerotic disease related to, 392 with diabetes, leading to amputation, Hypoxia, in diabetic patients, impaired wound healing related to, 416 I Iliac artery stenting, for peripheral arterial disease, 407 Imaging, of calcaneus infections, 481 of diabetic foot ulcers, 469 of peripheral arterial disease, 395, endovascular interventions with, other options for, Incisions, based on angiosomes, in diabetic foot wound care, along medial and lateral foot, 459 at Achilles tendon, at lateral calcaneus, at plantar medial midfoot, for amputations, 461 on dorsum of foot, 461 over plantar heel, 459 principles for, 457 In-depth shoes, for diabetic patients, with partial foot amputation, 511 Infections, of calcaneus, anatomy review of, bone, vascular, 478

10 534 Infections (continued) chronic osteomyelitis and, below knee amputation for, calcanectomy for, 483 treatment spectrum for, clinical evaluation of, etiologic perspectives for, 480 imaging studies in, 481 laboratory studies in, 481 soft-tissue coverage options for, fasciocutaneous/neuro-fasciocutaneous flaps as, 484 local muscle flaps as, 484 skin grafts as, , 484 summary overview of, 477, 485 wound healing risks with, for chronic pressure-related calcaneal wounds, for open fractures, 479 for operatively treated fractures, wound issues and treatment options with, acute full thickness wound dehiscence, acute partial wound dehiscence, 482 inability to achieve primary wound closure, of diabetic foot, amputation considerations with, clinical evaluation of, imaging studies in, laboratory studies in, 469 microbiology of, 467 partial foot amputation and, shoes, orthoses, and prostheses for, pathophysiology of, 466 postoperative, impaired wound healing related to, , signs and symptoms of, 467, 471 summary overview of, 465, 473 treatment of, Syme ankle disarticulation and, , 492 Intermittent claudication, with peripheral arterial disease, 392, 394 treatment of, Intraoperative management, of bone and wound healing, in diabetic patients, fixation techniques in, orthobiologics in, bone morphogenetic proteins as, 420, current trends of, 420, platelet-rich plasma as, Invasive testing, for peripheral arterial disease, Ischemia, with peripheral arterial disease. See Limb ischemia. K Keratotic lesions, in diabetic foot, partial foot amputation and, 495, outpatient management of, K-wire fixation, for ankle fractures, in diabetic patients, 418

11 535 L Laboratory studies, for calcaneus infections, 481 in diabetic foot ulcer evaluation, 469 Lange prosthesis, 519 Lateral branch, of dorsalis pedis artery, in anterior tibial artery angiosome, Lateral foot incisions, based on angiosomes, 459 Lateral plantar artery, dorsalis pedis artery connections to, 456 Lateral plantar branch, of posterior tibial artery, as angiosome, plantar metatarsal arteries of, 446, 448 Limb ischemia, with peripheral arterial disease, acute, chronic, critical limb, 392, treatment of, LIPUS (low-intensity pulsed ultrasonography), for bone and wound healing, in diabetic patients, 412, Lisfranc amputation, in diabetic patient, gait abnormality following, partial foot prostheses for, Local muscle flaps, for calcaneus infection coverage, 484 Lower extremity dysvascular disease. See Peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Low-intensity pulsed ultrasonography (LIPUS), for bone and wound healing, in diabetic patients, 412, M Macrovascular complications, of diabetes, 411 leading to amputation, 496 Malleoli, Syme ankle disarticulation and, Medial branch, of dorsalis pedis artery, in anterior tibial artery angiosome, Medial calcaneal branch, of posterior tibial artery, as angiosome, Medial foot incisions, based on angiosomes, 459 Medial midfoot incisions, plantar, based on angiosomes, Medial plantar branch, of posterior tibial artery, as angiosome, 442, deep branch of, superficial branch of, Metatarsal arteries, plantar, of lateral plantar branch, of posterior tibial artery, 446, 448 Metatarsal head resection, for osteomyelitis, with diabetic foot ulcers, 472 Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint amputation, in diabetic patients, , 506 with osteomyelitis, 472 Microbiology, of diabetic foot infections, 467 antibiotic indications based on, Syme ankle disarticulation and, 489 Microvascular complications, of diabetes, 411 leading to amputation, Midfoot amputation, in diabetic patient, complications of, 496 gait abnormality following, osteomyelitis and, 472 Midfoot incisions, plantar medial, based on angiosomes, Molded thermoplastic ankle foot orthosis (MAFO), for diabetic patients, with partial foot amputation, Morbidity reduction, with partial foot amputation,

12 536 Motor neuropathy, in diabetic patient, foot infections and, 466 MRA, of peripheral arterial disease, 395, MRI, in diabetic foot ulcer evaluation, , 472 of calcaneal wounds, 481 Multidisciplinary team approach, to diabetic foot infections, 470 Muscle flaps, local, for calcaneus infection coverage, 484 N Necrotizing fasciitis, with diabetic foot infections, 471 Neuropathy, in diabetic patient. See Peripheral neuropathy; specific type. Noninvasive studies, for peripheral arterial disease, Nonweight-bearing period, of normal gait, 502 Nuclear medicine imaging, of calcaneal wounds, 481 O Open fractures, of ankle, impaired healing of, in diabetic patients, 412, 414, 424 of calcaneus, infection risks with, Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), for ankle fractures, in diabetic patients, , 424 Orthobiologics, for bone and wound healing, in diabetic patients, bone morphogenetic proteins as, 420, current trends of, 420, platelet-rich plasma as, Orthopedic assessment, for diabetic foot disorders, 467 Orthoses, for chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis, 483 for diabetic patients, foot ulceration and, 498 with lower extremity amputation, ankle foot, 505 partial foot, 495 with partial foot amputation, ankle foot, Arizona AFO partial foot, 521 molded thermoplastic, with filler, custom-molded, TMA foam impressions for, 517 summary overview of, Osseous healing, in diabetic patients, See also Bone healing. Osteomyelitis, chronic, of calcaneus, below knee amputation for, calcanectomy for, 480, 483 foot pressures and, 480 treatment spectrum for, with diabetic foot ulcers, 467, 469 imaging of, treatment of, 472 Osteopenia, ankle fracture healing and, in diabetic patients, , 422 Outpatient care, for partial foot amputation, Oxygen/oxygenation, perioperative, for bone and wound healing, in diabetic patients,

13 537 P Partial foot amputation, in diabetic patient, gait abnormality following, shoes, orthoses, and prostheses for, ankle foot orthoses, foot orthoses, partial foot prostheses, proper shoe selection and fit, shear and plantar pressure, shoe modifications, summary overview of, statistics on, 509 reulceration after, diabetes complications and, diabetic foot indications for, foot risk identification for, outpatient care and morbidity reduction, summary overview of, 495, 499 Syme ankle disarticulation and, 488 Partial foot prostheses, for diabetic patients, with partial foot amputation, , 521 Patient history, in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, 395 Pedorthist, role of, PEMF electrical bone stimulation, for bone and wound healing, in diabetic patients, 430, 432 Perioperative management, of bone and wound healing, in diabetic patients, biophysical stimulation in, electrical bone stimulation as, LIPUS as, glucose control in, oxygen in, Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), decision making in, clinical presentation of, acute limb ischemia as, 393 chronic limb ischemia as, 393 critical limb ischemia as, intermittent claudication as, 394 evaluation of, invasive testing in, noninvasive studies in, other imaging options for, physical examination in, pathogenesis of, 392 scope of problem, summary overview of, 391, 407 treatment of, algorithm for, for critical limb ischemia, for intermittent claudication, 403 revascularization options for, 405 endovascular intervention as, surgical techniques as,

14 538 Peripheral (continued) in diabetic patient, as amputation indication, 488, , 501 foot risk identification and, 497 Syme ankle disarticulation and, 488, 493 Peripheral neuropathy, in diabetic patient, ankle fracture fixation techniques and, failed ankle fusions and, foot infections and, 466 foot orthoses and, foot ulceration and, 466, 468, gait difficulties with, 501, 503 heel wounds related to, Peroneal artery, angiosomes of, anterior perforating branch of, anterior tibial artery connections to, calcaneal branch of, posterior tibial artery connections to, calcaneal wound healing role of, 478 Peroneal tendons, in calcaneus anatomy, Physical examination, for diabetic foot care, 467 for peripheral arterial disease, Pin fixation, for ankle fractures, in diabetic patients, 418, 421 for open calcaneal fractures, 479 Plantar artery, lateral, dorsalis pedis artery connections to, 456 Plantar branches, of posterior tibial artery, lateral, as angiosome, plantar metatarsal arteries of, 446, 448 medial, as angiosome, 442, deep branch of, superficial branch of, Plantar foot, arterial-arterial connections of, Plantar heel incisions, based on angiosomes, 459 Plantar medial midfoot incisions, based on angiosomes, Plantar metatarsal arteries, of lateral plantar branch, of posterior tibial artery, as angiosome, 446, 448 Plantar pressure, as diabetic ulcer risk, peak gradient of, in TMA, 504 in TTA, 506 Plastazote base material, for foot orthoses, Plate fixation, for ankle fractures, in diabetic patients, , 422 Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), for bone and wound healing, in diabetic patients, Posterior tibial artery, angiosomes of, anterior artery connections to, lateral plantar branch of, plantar metatarsal arteries of, 446, 448 medial calcaneal branch of, medial plantar branch of, 442, deep branch of, superficial branch of, peroneal artery connections to, in Syme ankle disarticulation, 489 Primary wound closure, inability to achieve, with calcaneus infections,

15 539 Prostheses, for lower extremity amputation, in diabetic patients, 503 midfoot, 505 partial foot, 495, 505 Syme ankle disarticulation and, 488, 493 for partial foot amputation, in diabetic patients, for Syme amputation, 519 orthoses vs., partial foot, , 521 TMA filler with carbon fiber plate for, shoes and shoe modifications vs., summary overview of, Prosthetic bypass conduits, for peripheral arterial disease, 407 Prosthetist, role of, 510 Pulse examination, for Syme ankle disarticulation, 488 in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, 396 with diabetic foot ulcers, Pulse volume recordings (PVRs), in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, 395 segmental, R Radiographs, of calcaneal wounds, 481 weight-bearing, of diabetic foot ulcers, 469 Ray resections, in diabetic patient, complications of, 496 gait abnormality following, Retrograde tanscalcaneal-talar-tibial fixation, for ankle fractures, in diabetic patients, 418, 421 Reulceration, after partial foot amputation, diabetes complications and, diabetic foot indications for, foot risk identification for, outpatient care and morbidity reduction, summary overview of, 495, 499 Revascularization options. See also Flap coverage. for diabetic foot wound care, angiosome principles for, for peripheral arterial disease, endovascular intervention as, surgical techniques as, Rocker soles, for diabetic patients, with partial foot amputation, S Salvage, of foot and limb, vascular anatomy importance to, 439. See also Angiosomes. with diabetic foot ulcers, 471, 473 Screw fixation, for ankle fractures, in diabetic patients, Segmental blood pressure recording, in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, Segmental pulse volume recordings, in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, Sensory neuropathy, in diabetic patient, foot infections and, 466 foot orthoses and, foot ulceration and, 466, 468, gait difficulties with, 501, 503

16 540 Shear Ban, 513 Shear pressure, as diabetic ulcer risk, Shoes/shoe modifications, for diabetic patients, focal pressure keratosis and, orthopedic assessment for, 467 with lower extremity amputation, 503, 505 with partial foot amputation, extended shank, , 518 foot gear options, orthoses vs., prostheses vs., Rocker soles, selection and fit, shear and plantar pressure, summary overview of, Skin grafts, for calcaneus infection coverage, , 484 Slip-on shoes, for diabetic patients, with partial foot amputation, 511 Smoking, atherosclerotic disease related to, 392, 403 Soft tissue healing, impaired, in diabetic patients, See also Wound healing. Soft-tissue coverage, for calcaneus infections, fasciocutaneous/neuro-fasciocutaneous flaps as, 484 free flaps as, local muscle flaps as, 484 skin grafts as, , 484 Soles, of shoes, for diabetic patients, with partial foot amputation, 510 Stance phase, of normal gait, 502 Staphylococcus aureus, in diabetic wound infections, 467 Stents/stenting, of iliac artery, for peripheral arterial disease, 407 Study on the Effect of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC), postoperative infection results of, in diabetic patients, , Subtalar arthrodesis, impaired healing of, in diabetic patients, Superficial branch, of medial plantar branch, of posterior tibial artery, as angiosome, Surgical revascularization, for peripheral arterial disease, 404, Surgical treatment, of calcaneus fractures, infection risks with, Surveillance protocols, post-surgical revascularization, for peripheral arterial disease, 407 Swing phase, of normal gait, Syme amputation. See Syme ankle disarticulation. Syme ankle disarticulation, complications of, 492 discussion perspectives for, 493 functional advantages of, 488 in diabetic patient, gait abnormality following, 505 indications/contraindications for, perioperative advantages of, 488 postoperative management of, 493 preoperative planning for, 489 prosthesis for, 519 summary overview of, 487 technique for, one-stage, transtibial amputation vs., 488, 493

17 541 T 99m Technetium phosphonate 3- phase bone scan, of calcaneal wounds, 481 Tissue necrosis, peripheral arterial disease presenting as, TMA filler with carbon fiber plate, for partial foot prostheses, Toe amputation, in diabetic patient, complications of, 496 gait abnormality following, 503 with osteomyelitis, 472 Toe pressures, in diabetic foot ulcer evaluation, 469 in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, 395, 399 Toe-brachial index (TBI), in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, 399 Total ankle replacement (TAR), in diabetic patients, 412, Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcp 02 ), in diabetic foot ulcer evaluation, 469 in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, 395, Syme ankle disarticulation and, Transmetatarsal amputation (TMA), in diabetic patient, gait abnormality following, 504 glucose control for healing of, TMA filler with carbon fiber plate prostheses for, Transtibial amputation (TTA), in diabetic patient, gait abnormality following, glucose control for healing of, partial foot prostheses for, 519 Syme ankle disarticulation vs., 488, 493 Trauma, to diabetic foot, bone and wound healing with, 411 leading to amputation, Syme ankle disarticulation and, , 493 U Ulceration, in diabetic foot. See Diabetic ulcers. Ultrasound. See also Doppler ultrasound. Duplex, of peripheral arterial disease, Syme ankle disarticulation and, V V2/V1 ratio, in peripheral arterial disease evaluation, 399 Vacuum-assisted closure (V.A.C.), of calcaneal wounds, of infected diabetic foot wounds, 473 Vascular anatomy, of calcaneus, 478 of foot and ankle, See also Angiosomes. Vascular status, assessment of, for diabetic foot ulcers, compromised, in diabetic patients. See Peripheral arterial disease (PAD). preoperative mapping of, for peripheral arterial disease revascularization, 407 Venous mapping, for revascularization, of peripheral arterial disease, 407 W Wagner classification, of diabetic ulcers, 468 Wagner technique, for Syme ankle disarticulation, Walking capacity and performance, in diabetic patients, 503

18 542 Walking capacity (continued) with amputations, See also Gait abnormality. with peripheral arterial disease, 392, 394 Syme ankle disarticulation and, 488, 493 Walking regimens, supervised, for peripheral arterial disease, Weight-bearing period, of normal gait, 502 ankle fracture fixation techniques and, foot configuration for, 487 partial foot amputation impact on, 495, 497 foot orthoses and, Syme ankle disarticulation and, White blood cell (WBC), in diabetic foot ulcer evaluation, counts, 469 scans, 469, 481 Wound care, for diabetic foot, angiosomes and, See also Angiosomes. Wound closure, inability to achieve primary, with calcaneus infections, vacuum-assisted, of calcaneal wounds, of infected diabetic foot wounds, 473 Wound dehiscence, in diabetic patients, 415 of calcaneus wounds, acute full thickness, acute partial, 482 Wound healing, faulty in diabetic foot, leading to amputation, successful predictors vs., 489 Syme ankle disarticulation and, , 492 in diabetic patients, as impaired, clinical considerations of, impaired osseous healing vs., intraoperative management of, fixation techniques in, orthobiologics in, bone morphogenetic proteins as, 420, current trends of, 420, platelet-rich plasma as, perioperative management of, biophysical stimulation in, electrical bone stimulation as, LIPUS as, glucose control in, oxygen in, risk factors influencing, 412 with calcaneus infections, issues and treatment options of, acute full thickness wound dehiscence, acute partial wound dehiscence, 482 inability to achieve primary wound closure, risks for, in chronic pressure-related calcaneal wounds, in open fractures, 479 in operatively treated fractures,