PHYSICAL EDUCATION-12

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1 PHYSICAL EDUCATION-12 Mock Test Paper Answers SECTION-A 1. In Round Robin Tournament all the participating teams for the tournament will play against each other without results being taken into consideration, further, on the basis of result of all matches the winner & runners up are decided. Round robin tournaments can be of: (a) Single league (b) Double league 2. Proteins are long chains of amino acids that form the basis of all life. The structure and function of our bodies depend on proteins. It is also considered as the building block of life and is found in every cell of the body. The regulation of the body s cells, tissues, and organs cannot happen without them. 3. Urdhva hastasana is a standing asana and a key posture in Surya Namaskara sequences. 4. It can be a defined as the cessation of Menstrual cycle more than 3 months. Isometric literally means same length where iso means same and metric refers to length. The isometric contraction is the term used to refer to any contraction of muscle where length of muscle does not change. 5. Bending of legs in outward direction just like the bow is known as bow legs in other words legs end in convex shape. 6. A fracture in which the break is at an angle of the bone s axis. Adduction occurs when a joint moves apart of the body toward the midline in one plane. The opposite of adduction is abduction. 7. First aid is the provision of immediate care to a victim with an injury or illness, usually effected by a lay person, and performed within a limited skill range. First aid is normally performed until the injury or illness is satisfactorily dealt with (such as in the case of small cuts, minor bruises, and blisters) or until the next level of care, such as a paramedic or doctor, arrives. 8. Direct impact with blunt object which causes bleeding deep with muscles due to damage in cappillaries. Bluish color due to torn blood vessels is an essential symptom. Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure. During high blood pressure, the blood applies too much force against the walls of the blood vessels. 9. An axis is a straight line around which an object rotates. Movement at the joint take place in a plane about an axis. Types of axis: Sagital axis - passes horizontally from posterior to anterior and is formed by the intersection of the sagital and transverse planes. Frontal axis - passes horizontally from left to right and is formed by the intersection of the frontal and transverse planes. Vertical axis - passes vertically from inferior to superior and is formed by the intersection of the sagital and frontal planes. 10. The five factors identified as primary factors of personality are: 1. Extroversion: It is the reflection of people being social, fun-loving, energetic, friendly, which is contrary to introversion. 2. Agreeableness: This factor concerns how well people get along with others. 1

2 3. Conscientiousness: Conscientiousness is a trait that can be described as the tendency to control impulses and act in socially acceptable ways, behaviors that facilitate goaldirected behavior 4. Neuroticism: Refers to emotional instability and general temper. 5. Openness to experience: Openness to experience concerns an individual s willingness to try to new things, to be vulnerable, and the ability to think outside the box. The cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. Necessarily, the cardiac output is the product of the heart rate, which is the number of beats per minute, and the stroke volume, which is amount pumped per beat. CO = HR X SV. The cardiac output is usually expressed in liters/minute. 11. The general ability of institutions, systems, and individuals to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to cope with the consequences. 12. Causes of sports injury: Intrinsic Risk Factor Physical preparation Lack of proper training fitness level Improper warming up & cooling down Over use of muscles Muscles imbalance Individual variables: a. Gender & age b. Nutrition c. Fatigue d. Posture deformities Fracture SECTION-B A hard tissue injury is also called a fracture and is defined as a loss of continuity in the substance of a bone. Signs & Symptoms feeling the bone break (in the case of the casually himself/herself) hearing the sound of a breaking bone abnormal body shape in the affected area e.g. a finger or toe at an obviously unusual angle - that is not normal for that person. pain and tenderness in the immediate vicinity of the injury. Swelling in the vicinity of the injury. Visible protruding broken bone - in the case of a severe open fracture. Coaching a. Poor techniques b. Lack of knowledge Skill Rules regulation Surrounding Environment Equipment Facilities 2 Extrinsic Risk Factors Environmental Factors a. Climate b. Playing Surfaces c. Preventive Measures d. Medical facilities Dislocation A dislocation is a separation of two bones where they meet at a joint. Joints are areas where two bones come together. A dislocated joint is a joint where the bones are no longer in their normal positions. Signs and Symptoms A dislocated joint may be: Accompanied by numbness or tingling at the joint or beyond it Intensely painful, especially if you try to use the joint or put weight on it. Limited in movement. Swollen or bruised. Visibly out of place, discoloured, or misshapen.

3 13. (i) Values of Rajiv: Respect; Values; Determination and Persistence (ii) Major Fault: Technique - Improper angle of projection of the implement. (iii) Observation; Communication; knowledge and experience. 14. Specific Sports Programme Sports and games programmes are arranged in the world as well as in our country to promote the games and sports for a specific cause. Every country in the world has some or other cause for promoting specific sports programmes. The programmes motivate and create the feeling to take part in these sports programmes. People become healthconscious and try to remain fit and stay healthy for as long as possible. These specific sports programmes are usually organized by the federations, state government, NGO etc. to create health consciousness among the people and take part in health related sports programmes. More and more people of all age groups should take part in such sports programmes. The various important specific programmesare: 1. Sports Day A. School - Annual Sports Day B. National Sports Day 2. Health Run 3. Run for Fun 4. Run for Specific Cause 5. Run for Unity. Type of Joint Movement Example Pivot Hinge Condyloid Saddle Plane Ball-and-socket Uniaxial joint; allows rotational movement Uniaxial joint; allows flexion/ extension movements Biaxial joint; allows flexion/ extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements Biaxial joint; allows flexion/ extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements Multiaxial joint; allows inversion and eversion of foot, or flexion, extension, and lateral flexion of the vertebral column Multiaxial joint; allows flexion/ extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, and medial/ lateral rotation movements 3 Atlantoaxial joint (C1 C2 vertebrae articulation); proximal radioulnar joint Knee; elbow; ankle; interphalangeal joints of fingers and toes Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints of fingers; radiocarpal joint of wrist; metatarsophalangeal joints for toes First carpometacarpal joint of the thumb; sternoclavicular joint Intertarsal joints of foot; superior-inferior articular process articulations between vertebrae Shoulder and hip joints

4 15. Type of Disabilities: Physical Disability Not able of perform the Normal human life activities due to the any physical Disadvantage Cognitive Disability Non able to perform the Normal human life mental activities due to any mental Disadvantage Intellectual Disability Not able to perform the normal human life mental activities and adaptative behavior skills due to any mental Disadvantage. 16. Fat percentage of children, i.e. boys & girls can be easily calculated with the help of sloughter Lohmon children skin fold formula. A. Triceps and calf skin fold males 6 to 17th years) Body fat percentage = (0.735 sum of skin foid) B. Triceps &caif of skin fold (formulas 6 to 17 years) Body fat percentage = (0.610 sum of skinfold) The thickness of the skin folds is common known as fat folds thickness. 17. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen-rich blood to the working muscle tissues and the ability of the muscles to use oxygen to produce energy for movements. (a) Harvard Step Test. It is a cardiovascular fitness test. It is also called aerobic fitness test. It used to measure the cardiovascular fitness or aerobic fitness by checking the recovery rate. Durationof Exercise inseconds 10 Fitness Index (F.I) = 2 sum ofthree pulsecountsafter exercise 18. P: Protection is meant to prevent further injury. Partially immobilizing the injured area by using a sling, splint, or brace may also be a means of protection. R: Rest is important to allow for healing. A person should avoid activities that stress the injured area to the point of pain or that may slow or prevent healing. I: Ice refers to the use of cold treatments, also known as cryotherapy, to treat acute injuries. Ice is recommended with the intent to minimize and reduce swelling as well as to decrease pain. C: Compression is the use of a compression wrap, such as an elastic bandage, to apply an external force to the injured tissue. This compression minimizes swelling and provides mild support. E: Elevation is recommended to help reduce the pooling of fluid in the injured extremity or joint. Controlling swelling can help decrease pain and may limit the loss of range of motion, possibly speeding up recovery time. 1. Muscle size: Muscle strength directly depends on the crosssectional area of muscle. It is well known that bigger and larger muscle can produce more force. The force produced by the same size of muscles in males and females is approximately the same but males are found to be stronger because they have larger and bigger muscles in comparison to females. 2. Body weight: There is a positive correlation between the body weight and strength individuals with then heavier body weight are stronger than the individual with the lighter weight. 3. Muscle composition: The muscle composition is genetically determined and can not be changed by any type of training. 4

5 4. Nerve impulses: The nervous system also play a role in muscle strength. The brain and nervous system has power to activate more motor units when they need to generate larger amount of force. Through the strength training, the body learns to recruit more motor units and increase these units. 5. Age and gender: Age and gender is a factor which effects the muscle strength. Muscle strength decline with the age but it is primarily due to a decrease in muscle cross sectional area and decline in the amount of contractil tissues within the muscle fibres. Regular strength training limits loss of muscle strength with ageing. Men has greater absolute muscle strength than women. 19. (i) Diabetes (ii) Obesity (iii) Hypertension (iv) Bad cholesterol SECTION-C 20. Food Myth/ Dieting Myths are wrong notions about the disadvantages of different eating patterns, types of food and quantity of food, due to which wrong eating habits are developed. (i) Myth: Low fat or no fat diet are good. Fact: Body needs fats for energy, tissue repair and to transport vitamin A.D, E.K. Just cut down on salivated fat eating unsaturated fats. (ii) Myth Crash: Dieting or Fasting may loose weight. Fact: it may be true in short term but ultimately it hinder weight loss. Loosing over the long term burns off fat whereas crash dieting or fasting not only removes fat but who leans muscles. (iii) Myth: Food eaten late night is more fattening. Fact: it doesn t make much change. (iv) Myth: Low fat milk has less calcium that full fat milk. Fact: Skimmed and semi skimmed actually have more calcium because it is in watery part and not in creamy part of milk. (v) Myth: Vegetarian cannot build muscles. Fact: Vegetarian can built muscles as meat eaters by getting their proteins from vegetables such as cheese nuts pulses. (vi) Myth: Healthy food is expensive. Fact: Tinned, stored, packed food is expensive, whereas local & seasonal food is inexpensive. 21. Diabetes is a dangerous disease, if diabetes is not controlled it is afraid to have kidney failure, reduce the viscosity of the eyes and fear of cardiovascular disease. Diabetes is a disease that increase the level of sugar in our blood. To control the level of sugar in the blood a hormone called insulin is used. Due to diabetes, people feel too much of fatigues. Feeling the need to urinate frequently, having numbness of hands and feet, blurred vision, emissive weight of the body and no filling of wounds. The main reason for diabetes is that people relinquish exercise and walk from their lifestyle. By doing the following asanas, diabetes can be controlled: bhajangasan, paschimottanasana, powanmutkt asana and ardhmatsyandrasana 22. Physical benefits: reduce your risk of a heart attack manage your weight better have a lower blood cholesterol level lower the risk of type 2 diabetes and some cancers 5

6 have lower blood pressure have stronger bones, muscles and joints and lower risk of developing osteoporosis lower your risk of falls recover better from periods of hospitalisation or bed rest feel better with more energy, a better mood, feel more relaxed and sleep better. Healthier state of mind: Exercise may block negative thoughts or distract you from daily worries. Exercising with others provides an opportunity for increased social contact. Increased fitness may lift your mood and improve your sleep patterns. Exercise may also change levels of chemicals in your brain, such as serotonin, endorphins and stress hormones. Disability Etiquettes: These are guidelines which are to be followed when deals with any disabled person. Disability Etiquettes Use person with Disability rather any thing for a Disabled person Shake hand In case of Visual Disability always identity him self first Conversation at eye level Address person with Disability as address to other people Never Patronize the people on wheel chair Do not interact through a companion Attentively Walt unit offer for help is accepted Treat Adult as Adult Never lean on wheel chair Advantage of physical Activities for children with special needs Physical Improvement Mental Improvement Self Esteem Good Health Enhance Productivity Improve co-ordination Flexibility Improve Improve strength Improve Endurance Improve Cardiovascular efficiency Low Risk of obesity Maintain Bone Density Better over all fitness Control Joint Swelling Improve mood Improve wellness Improve working of Nervous system Reduce anxiety Depression Feeling of greater self efficiency 6 Sociological Gains New Experience New friendship Feel of Independence Countering of Stigmatization How Risk of chronic Disease

7 23. The steps to improve women participation in the field of sports and games:- A. Motivation and inspiration to women for participation. B. Support from family and parents. C. To organise camp, seminar and workshops. D. To provide knowledge and media coverage. E. Educating women at grass route level and participation. F. Provide better infrastructure and facilities. G. Ensuring safety and security of women. H. More opportunity for competition I. Develop new techniques and environments. J. To build physical and psychological strength. K. Healthy and balance food. L. Better incentives and awards. M. Culture in domestic constrains. N. Change in attitude and perception in village level O. Equality and community mobilizing. P. Development of self Confidence Q. Financial help R. Employment and career S. Designing and implementing government policies 24. Aerodynamics: Sport aerodynamics constitutes the science of aerodynamics coupled to the human activity of sports, i.e. the bio-mechanics of the human body under the influence of aerodynamic forces. It also encompasses the use of various equipments (or aids) in performing the individual sport activity. The aerodynamic interaction often implies the task to minimize a drag force which must be overcome by the human power output or a gravity force acting on the body. In the sport of soccer, the lift force also plays an important role. Racket games, ball games, water sports, air sports are examples where sports equipment s are essential in performing the art of exposing the human body to the air environment. Hence, three fundamental areas of subjects will be covered such as Basic aerodynamics (lift, drag, friction etc.); Basic bio-mechanics (sport medicine, performance analysis etc.); Sport equipment design (suits, helmets, parachutes etc.). Adduction: Adduction occurs when a joint moves a part of the body toward the midline in one plane. The midline is an imaginary line running from the top of the head to between the feet while standing up straight, traveling through the abdominal cavity along the way. In contrast, abduction is the opposite of adduction, or a movement away from the midline. Examples of Adduction: Adduction of the shoulder/arm: The upper arm (humerus bone) moves from a position straight out from the body in towards the body. Because of the large range of motion of this ball-and-socket joint, the shoulder is also capable of horizontal adduction. In this case, the upper arm moves from a position straight out from the body and moves toward the midline with the arm remaining parallel to the floor. 7

8 Adduction of the hip/leg: The upper leg (femur bone) moves from an outward, inverted-v position inward towards the other leg. Adduction of the fingers: The fingers (metacarpals) start in a splayed out position and move together. 25. Self-Esteem: Self-esteem relates to how much a person like herself or himself, and how we recognize or appreciate our individual character, qualities, skills, and accomplishments. Like body image, self-esteem can also be based on how we think other people look at us as a person. People who have low self-esteem may not always feel confident about themselves or how they look. It is often hard for them to see that they are an important and capable person. People with positive self-esteem often have a confident attitude about their body and mind, and can recognize their strengths as well as personal value and worth. Body Image: Body image is based on our thoughts and feelings about the way our body looks. Sometimes the way wethink other people are judging our appearance can affect our body image. Poor body image comes from negative thoughts and feelings about our appearance, and a healthy body image is made up of thoughts and feelings that are positive. Body image is a major factor in self-esteem; which is the way we think and feel about ourself as a person. 26. Ability to sustain a physical activity over a longer period of time resisting fatigue is called endurance. Methods of Endurance development are: (i) Continuous Training: Continuous training is a type of sports training that involves activity of moderate intensity with a duration of more than 18 minutes with resting interval. (ii) Interval Training: Interval training involves periods of hard work followed by a timed period of rest. (iii) Fartlek Training: This is a training method that blends continuous training with interval training. The mechanical analysis of walking helps to improve the techniques of players and it also instrument for better performance. Mechanical analysis of walking divided into two phases: A. Stance Phase: This is the phase, when the foot is on the ground. The stance phase of walking is divided into five stages. (i) Heel strike (ii) Early flat foot (iii) Late flat foot (iv) Heel rise (v) Toe off B. Swing Phase: It occurs when one foot is on the ground and other one is in the air swing phase in walking is than the stance phase. It is divided into three phase. (i) Initial swings (ii) Mid swing (iii) Terminal swing 8

Types of Body Movements

Types of Body Movements Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Synovial joints allow the body a tremendous range of movements. Each movement at a synovial joint results from the contraction or relaxation of the muscles