Muscles Unit TEST and Final Exam Study Guide May 2017

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1 Muscles Unit TEST and Final Exam Study Guide May 2017 Part 1 of final exam is pictures, see bottom of the study guide Part 2 of the final exam is only going to cover muscles unit. If you do this study guide in your own handwriting, you may use it on the NON PICTURE PORTION day 2 of the final exam. YOU MAY NOT PRINT OUT THE FIGURES AND BRING TO FINAL EXAM PART 1 1. Ligaments connect 2. About what percentage of the mass of the human body is made up of muscle? 3. Where is cardiac muscle tissue located in the body? 4. Where is the protein called actin located in the body? 5. In addition to myosin, what other protein is involved in skeletal muscle contraction? 6. What happens when the thin filaments in a muscle fiber slide over the thick filaments? 7. Myosin and actin make up 8. According to the sliding-filament model, which of the following steps does NOT occur in muscle contraction? 9. What tough connective tissues join skeletal muscles to bones? 10. Which of the following types of muscle generally remains in a state of partial contraction when your legs are straight? 11. Which of the following is NOT true about muscle tone? 12. The elbow joint bends when the 13. Which of the following is NOT true about the effects of exercise on muscles? 14. Skeletal muscles 15. Which of the following statements about skeletal muscle fibers is false? 16. Functionally, what is the muscle fiber's fundamental unit of contraction? 17. Structurally, what is a sarcomere? 18. A thick filament consists of 19. According to the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, a sarcomere contracts when its 20. During muscle contraction, within a sarcomere the 21. Contraction causes 22. Which of the following choices best describes the molecular basis of muscle shortening? 23. The sequence of events that cause a muscle to contract can be summed up as 24. Which of the following choices best describes the power stroke of muscle contraction? 25. What is the neurotransmitter at the synapse between nerves and human skeletal muscle cells? 26. The cell bodies and dendrites of motor neurons are located in the

2 27. The synapses between neurons and muscle fibers are called 28. Which one of the following would have the greatest number of muscle cells per motor unit? 29. What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction? 30. Which one of the following will not cause a muscle to fatigue? 31. Which of these levels of skeletal muscle organization includes the others? 32. What are the functional units of muscle contraction? 33. Before myosin heads bind to a thin filament, myosin-binding sites are opened up when bind(s) to the thin filament. 34. The large whitish object on the ventral surface of the chin on the mink is 35. In order to see the external jugular vein in the mink which muscle needs to be reflected? 36. The large triangular muscle in the lateral shoulder girdle of the minx is 37. What muscle did you have to cut in order see the entire nasopharynx in the minx? 38. Muscle tissue that has involuntary regulation of contraction: 39. The muscle tissue type that consists of single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with very obvious striations is: 40. Which one of the following groupings is INCORRECT: 41. Which one of the following connective tissue sheaths surrounds an individual skeletal muscle cell: 42. Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system: 43. A sarcomere is: 44. Which one of the following is composed of myosin protein: 45. Which one of the following groups of skeletal muscle connective tissue terms is placed in order from largest to smallest: 46. A motor unit consists of: 47. Which one of the following functions do calcium ions perform during skeletal muscle contraction: 48. The mechanical force of contraction is generated by: 49. Acetylcholine is: 50. At the neuromuscular junction, the muscle fiber membrane is invaginated (folded) to form a: 51. Neurotransmitters are stored within: 52. An elaborate and specialized network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that function in calcium storage is the: 53. During skeletal muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to active sites of: 54. The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction is to: 55. The striations that give skeletal muscle its characteristic striped appearance are produced, for the most part, by: 56. After nervous stimulation of a skeletal muscle cell has ceased, the calcium: 57. A skeletal muscle twitch differs from a tetanic contraction in that: 58. The condition of skeletal muscle fatigue can be best explained by: 59. Which one of the following muscle actions would NOT be classified as an ISOTONIC contraction: 60. Muscle tone can best be described as:

3 61. Which of the following muscles enables raising of the eyebrows and horizontal wrinkling of the forehead: 62. Which one of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other while in a sitting position and upward kicking of a hacky sack by the medial surface of the foot: 63. Which one of the following muscles inserts at the heel by the calcaneal (achilles) tendon: 64. Which one of the following does NOT compress the abdomen: 65. A muscle located on the dorsal side of the body is the: 66. A nursing infant developes a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling or blowing a trumpet called the: 67. Spasms of this straplike muscle often results in toricollis (kinked neck): 68. A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a(n): 69. While flexing the forearm at the elbow joint, the: 70. Which one of the following is the action of the orbicularis oris: 71. Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh: 72. Which one of the following muscles is involved in abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint: 73. Which one of the following muscles flexes the thigh at the hip joint: 74. While doing jumping jacks during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called: 75. Which one of the following muscles is involved in dorsiflexion and inversion at the ankle joint: 76. Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the knee: 77. Which one of the following in NOT a criteria generally used in naming muscles: 78. What naming criteria is used for Superior Serratus Posterior muscle? 79. Pronator teres: from the name of this muscle, what does it do? 80. Flexor digiti minimi brevis: from the name of this muscle, where is it located? 81. Subscapularis: from the name of this muscle, what is it s origin and insertion? 82. Which of the following groups are correctly listed for their agonistic ( AG) and antagonistic ( AN) roles 83. In regards to the speed of muscle contraction, which of the following is true. 84. Which of the following are considered essential properties of muscles? 85. Some of the factors that go into naming skeletal muscles are 86. Which of the following is isometric contraction Match the following: This is a picture a. A band d. I band b. filaments e. sarcomere c. actin filaments f. myosin filaments

4 Match the following: a. aerobic respiration e. calcium ions b. acetylcholine f. creatine phosphate c. potassium ions g. sodium ions d. enzymes h. anaerobic respiration Match the following: a. antagonist h. orbicularis oculi b. prime mover i. platysma c. orbicularis oris j.sternocleidomastoid d. masseter k. trapezius e. synergist l. buccinator f. latissimus dorsi m.fixator g. zygomaticus Match the muscular diseases with the symptoms and descriptions. a. Muscular dystrophy e. Fibromyalgia b. Cerebral Palsy f. Myositis c. Myasthenia Gravis g. Parkinson s Disease d. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis h. Huntington s Disease Matching: put the steps of muscle contraction in order beginning with the nerve impulse in the brain and ending with the relaxation of the muscle. Pictures to study for the Final Exam. These will all be on one test. Friday May 19 Fig 1.5 pg 12 region terms Fig 5.2 pag 133 structure of long bone Fig 5.6 page 140 human skeleton Fig 6.3 page 183 skeletal muscle fiber cellular level Fig 6.21 and 6.22 pages 210 and 212 superficial muscles anterior and posterior Matching See the picture.answers may be used more than once! a. myofibril e. T tubule b. muscle fiber f. Blood vessel c. sarcolemma g. Sarcoplasmic reticulum d. mitochondria h. Nucleus

5 Matching See the picture, Answers may be used more than once. a. I band g. sarcomere flexed b. sarcomere h. z- line c. Myosin filament i. cross bridge d. Actin filament j. Calcium e. M- line k. ATP f. sarcomere at rest