Heart and Circulation

Transcription

1 Heart and Circulation Lesson aim To act as an introductory lesson to the heart and circulation, familiarising students with the function and structure of the human heart and circulatory system. Lesson objectives Students will be expected to: Work in pairs to construct and improve a heart and circulation simulator. Design and deliver a 0 minute lesson on the heart and circulation using the simulator. Lesson Outcomes By the end of this lesson: All students must be able to understand the basic structure and function of the heart and the basic structure of the circulatory system. They should also understand the role that the circulatory system plays in transporting oxygen and other substances around the body. Most students should be able to understand why blood pressure which is either excessively high or excessively low can cause problems. Some students may be able to compare graphs of aortic, atrial and ventricular pressure and understand the main features of the graph and why they might differ from a graph showing pressure variation in their heart and circulation simulator. Time Required Approximately three hours. This will be best split over two lessons on separate days to allow students to carry out some of the research as homework. Specification links Board Unit Spec. AQA Biology AQA Human Biology Edexcel (concept approach) Edexcel (context approach) OCR Biology OCR Human Biology 3.. (heart disease) 3..5 (heart structure and function, heart disease) (the circulatory system) 3..6 (heart structure and function, heart disease) F2 F22 F222 Topic Lifestyle, health and risk (structure and function of the heart and circulation system, heart disease) Topic Lifestyle, health and risk (structure and function of the heart and circulation system, heart disease).2.2 (structure and function of the heart and circulatory system).2. (structure and function of the heart).2.2 (the circulatory system) 2.4. (coronary heart disease)

2 Key Stage 5 BIoLogy LeSSon plan 8 - HeaRt CIRCuLatIon Materials and equipment required Per student Resource Sheet 8. The Human Heart Resource Sheet 8.2 Heart Disease Resource Sheet 8.3 Circulation Per pair of students A basic heart and circulation kit see Technician Notes for details Resource Sheet 8.4 Build Your Own Heart and Circulation Simulator Note: All components used in this activity are readily available. Specific suppliers and part numbers are given in the Technician Notes at the end of this lesson plan. 2

3 Lesson structure Intro activity: 20 mins approx Without the aid of text books or other references give students 3 minutes to work in pairs and attempt to draw an outline diagram of the heart and circulation system. It will help if the diagram is done on large (A3 or bigger) sheet of paper. Choose several pairs to show their diagrams to the class and explain them. This exercise will allow students prior knowledge to be assessed and will also act as an introduction to the subject matter of the lesson. Discuss the basic structure and function of the heart. Practical: 20 mins approx In this practical, students will build a heart and circulation simulator. They will be given a basic kit and it will then be up to them to add further refinements to make it as realistic as they can. They will then use their simulator to deliver a short lesson on the heart and circulation system. The practical is designed to deliver a set of specific subject related learning outcomes and to also allow students to learn about some aspects of the role of cardiologists and associated healthcare professionals working in the NHS. Students can find out more about these roles at Issue the students with the following resource sheets: m Resource Sheet 8. The Human Heart m Resource Sheet 8.2 Heart Disease m Resource Sheet 8.3 Circulation m Resource Sheet 8.4 Build Your Own Heart and Circulation Simulator If time allows, students can be given access to a range of different bore tubing and suitable adapters to allow them to add more blood vessels of differing sizes to their simulator. They could also think about how they might simulate organs, such as the liver etc. Plenary activity: Students can present their lessons back to the group. 40 mins approx Presentations should be no more than 0 minutes in length and should clearly explain the following points: m The mammalian double circulation system. m Why heart muscle is able to work without fatigue. m The names of the major blood vessels and the organs or parts of the body that they serve. m The passage of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. m Diastolic and systolic pressure. m The effect of atherosclerosis and other diseases of the heart and circulatory system. m The role of healthcare professionals in caring for patients with diseases of the heart and circulatory system. If time allows at the end of the lesson discuss any interesting points that may have arisen. 3

4 Key Stage 5 BIoLogy LeSSon plan 8 - HeaRt CIRCuLatIon Extension/Homework Students could film the rise and fall of blood in the pressure gauge with a stop clock in the background and plot a graph of how pressure varies with time during a series of simulated heart beats. They could then compare this with a graph showing real aortic, atrial and ventricular pressure and discuss the similarities and/or differences. Searching for the term aortic pressure will find a large number of websites displaying these graphs. Risk assessment It is the responsibility of the supervising teacher to carry out all risk assessments with regard to this activity and to make sure that any such risk assessment complies with the requirements of the particular institution in which it is being conducted. 4

5 Technician Notes Preparation Please read Resource Sheet 8.4 Build Your Own Heart and Circulation Simulator. Each heart and circulation kit will require the following components 2 diesel priming tools Approximately 3 metres of 8mm bore PVC tubing Approximately 3 centimetres of red rubber Bunsen burner tubing long modelling balloon solid rubber bung with bottom diameter 8 mm A selection of tubing connectors to comprise minimum 3 straight, 6 T shape, 3 Y shape Hoffman clip 0 or more 2 mm tool clips or slightly smaller if you can find them Small screws for use with tool clips or more large sheets of paper enough to cover the MDF board thin MDF backing board to measure approximately m by 0.5 m with a hole cut as in the diagram below 30cm 5cm 20cm 5cm 50cm Please note that the dimensions of all of the parts mentioned above are designed to work with the diesel priming tools specified in the parts table below. If you source these from a different supplier you will need to check the dimensions of the necessary tubing etc are still compatible. 5

6 Students will also require the following: A plastic washing up bowl Gloves Plastic jug and funnel A few drops of red food colouring and a plastic pipette A screw driver to fit tool clip screws A bradawl to help fit the screws 2 retort stands with clamps and bosses A roll of electrical tape A wooden metre rule The retort stands are intended to hold the completed heart and circulation simulator upright. It will be useful to check prior to the lesson that they will do this as some thicker grades of MDF and smaller retort stands may not be stable. A photograph of a partially constructed kit is shown to the right for reference. A heart and circulation kit under construction. Note that the pulse demonstrator is fitted on an artery. Also note that, in this model, the lungs have been placed above the heart andthe right ventricle and right atrium have been inverted to make the pipe work less complicated. Sourcing the Parts All of the parts necessary for this lesson are readily available. For convenience, the table below gives part numbers for Screwfix and Timstar Laboratory Supplies. It is possible to source the same or equivalent components from other suppliers. Component Supplier Supplier website Part No. Amount required per H&C Kit Diesel priming tool Screwfix mm bore PVC tubing Timstar TU6856 (30 m roll) TU6855 (per metre) 3 metres approx Bunsen burner tubing Timstar TU6766 (0 m roll) TU6765 (per metre) 3 centimetres approx Solid rubber bung 8 mm bottom diameter Timstar ST4608/S (pack of 0) bung Straight tubing adapters 7/2/ x 7/2 mm Timstar AD00085 (pack of 5) 3 adapters 8 mm T shape tubing adapters Timstar AD0005 (pack of 5) 6 adapters 8 mm Y shape tubing adapters Timstar AD0007 (pack of 5) 3 adapters Hoffman clip Timstar CL04320 (pack of 5) clip 2 mm tool clips Screwfix (pack of 0) 0 or more clips 6