Dr. F Javier Belda Dept. Anesthesiology and Critical Care Hospital Clinico Universitario Valencia (Spain) Pulsion MAB

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1 State of the Art Hemodynamic Monitoring III CO, preload, lung water and ScvO2 The winning combination! Dr. F Javier Belda Dept. Anesthesiology and Critical Care Hospital Clinico Universitario Valencia (Spain) Pulsion MAB ISICEM Brussels, March 26 th 2009

2 Hemodynamic failure-hypodynamic early phase Circulatory insufficiency: Hipovolemia Miocardial depression Vasoregulatory alteration Hypoperfusion Tisular ischemia Macrocirculation O2 Supply O2 Demand Flow maldistribution Tissue hypoxia Microcirculation

3 Ideal hemodynamic monitoring Monitoring tool: Diagnostic Therapeutic guide Results Low perfusion: Increase in oxygen delivery = oxygen demands DaO2 = CO x CaO2 = CO x [(Hb x 1,39 x SataO2)

4 Consensus Conference Baja California, Mexico 2008

5 Ideal hemodynamic monitoring Monitoring tool: Diagnostic Therapeutic guide Results Low perfusion: Increase in oxygen delivery = oxygen demands DaO2 = CO x CaO2 = CO x [(Hb x 1,39 x SataO2) Cardiac output Preload Afterload Contractility Hemoglobin Effect on Tissue hypoxia Lactate SvO2

6 However, what many people do is... Diagnosis by the effects Clinical signs: Hypotension (SBP<90, MAP<65 or BPdrop >40 mmhg) or Hypoperfusion: altered mental status, delayed capilary refill, decreased urine output and cooled skin or extremities Confirmation: BGA-Metabolic Acidosis Central venous line + arterial line Give fluids ml Apply EGDT protocol

7 2001 EGDT Algorithm Increase Preload: Fluids ml/kg Protocol: 1. Fluid infusion to CVP Vasoactive drugs to MAP>65 <90

8 Problems with the significance of CVP No correlation between CVP or PCWP and Stroke Volume Kumar et al, Crit Care Med 2004;32: Lichtwarck-Aschoff et al, Intensive Care Med 18: , 1992 Magder, Sheldon MD Central venous pressure: A useful but not so simple measurement. Critical Care Medicine 2006;34: Central venous pressure monitoring Current Opinion in Critical Care 2006;12: Conclusions: the pathophysiological significance of the CVP should be considered only with a corresponding measurement of cardiac output.

9 PiCCO hemodynamic monitoring Central venous catheter Injectate cold sensor housing PULSIOCATH Arterial thermodilution catheter (femoral, axillar, brachial) Measurements: Cardiac Index Preload: GEDV

10 Crit Care Med 2009 [Epub ahead of print] 15 swine 60 Kg

11 Crit Care Med 2009 [Epub ahead of print] 15 swine 60 Kg Release NP Baseline NP ml HES NP 25 p

12 Crit Care Med 2009 [Epub ahead of print] 15 swine 60 Kg Release NP Baseline NP ml HES NP 25 p

13 Crit Care Med 2009 [Epub ahead of print] 15 swine 60 Kg Release NP Baseline NP ml HES NP 25 p Responsiveness GEDV <963 ml sensitivity 87% specificity 83%.

14 Crit Care Med 2008; 36: A. Initial Resuscitation Hemodynamic support: Early Goal-Directed Therapy

15 2001 EGDT Algorithm Protocol: 1. Fluid infusion to CVP Fluids 1000 crystalloids colloids 2. Vasoactive drugs to MAP>65 <90 Early phase of supply dependency ScvO2 is a surrogate to detect global tissue hypoxia SvO2<70% increased extraction / limited O2O supply

16 EGDT: Results Restored SvO2>70% Fluid resucitation: 35,9% patients Blood transfusion: 50,4% patients Inotropic therapy: 13,7% patients Critical Care 2008; 12: 223 Critical Care 2008; 12: 130 Early goal-directed therapy and outcome in septic shock. Michael Bauer et al. International J Intens Care 2007

17 The final key factor: EVLW Central venous catheter Injectate cold sensor housing PULSIOCATH Arterial thermodilution catheter (femoral, axillar, brachial) Measurements: Cardiac Index Preload: GEDV SVO2 EVLW

18 Hemodynamic response to fluid loading Patients Definition of Responders N Challenge Responders Preisman S (2005) Cardiac surgery > 15% SV ml colloids 32/70 VLS (46%) Hofer CK (2005) Cardiac surgery > 25% SVI ml/kg (IBW) 6% HES 21 (60% ) Swensen CH (2006) Abdominal surgery Increase in CO ml/kg of Ringer 4 (40%) Pulmonary edema may occur as a Tavernier Pulmonary B (1998) Sepsis w. circulatory edema > 15% SVI may 15 occur ml HES as a failure 21/35 VLS (60%) complication of fluid resuscitation. Michard complication F (2000) Sepsis w. circulatory > 15% CI ml HES failure 16 of fluid resuscitation. (40%) Michard F (2003) Septic shock > 15% SVI ml HES 32/66 VLS (48%) Practice parameters for hemodynamic support of sepsis in adult patients in sepsis Feissel M (2005) Septic shock Monnet X (2005) Critically ill w. circulatory failure > 15% CI 20 8 ml/kg HES 13/22 VLS (59%) Task Force of the ACCCM and the SCCM, CCM 2004 > 15% increase in ABF (Doppler) ml NS 20 (53%) Vallee F (2005) Critically ill w. circulatory failure Heenan S (2006) Critically ill w. circulatory failure > 10% increase in SVI 51 4 ml/kg colloid X 2 > 15% in CO 21 1 L Ringer or 500 ml HES 20 (39%) 9 (43%) Lafanechère A Critically ill w. > 15% increase in ABF 22 PLR and 500 ml NS (2006) circulatory failure 10 (45%) 300 / 631 = 47.5% (Doppler) respondersr Osman D (2007) Sepsis > 15% in CO ml HES 65/150 VLS (43%)

19 Comparison of Two Fluid-Management Strategies in Acute Lung Injury The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network* NEJM 2006; 354 (15 June): patients with 24 h. ALI/ARDS 503 Conservative strategy 497 Liberal strategy Based on BP, CVP/PAOP, diuresis Cumulative fluid balance (7 days): Conservative: -136±491 ml Liberal: +6992±502 ml

20 Crit Care Med 2008;36: patients sepsis-induced induced ARDS MV: ARDSnet protocol Measurements (3 days) LIS, SOFA, P/F, VD/VT EVLW (Predicted body weight) Non survivors Ο Survivors EVLWp>16 ml/kg 100% Specificity 86% Sensitivity Sakka SG et al. Chest 2002;122:2080 Kirov MY et al. Anesteziol Reanimatol 2003;4:41 Martin GS et al. Crit Care 2005;9:R74

21 Ideal hemodynamic monitoring Monitoring tool: Diagnostic Therapeutic guide Results Low perfusion: Increase in oxygen delivery = oxygen demands DaO2 = CO x CaO2 = CO x [(Hb x 1,39 x SataO2) Cardiac output: TPTD/PC Preload: GEDV Afterload: RVS Contractility: GEF Hemoglobin Effect on Tissue hypoxia - Lactate clearance -SvO2 (continuous) Effect on lung edema - EVLW

22 Intensive Care Med CABG surgical patients vs historical control group Routine clinical practice: CVP, MAP and clinical evaluation Goal-directed therapy

23 MV duration: 12.6±3.6 vs15.4±4.3 h Time for ICU discharge: 25±13 vs 33±17 h

24 Proposed EGDT Systolyc BP<90 mmhg Lactate>4 mmol/l SvO2<70% Normalize Preload (GEDV) while avoiding lung edema EVLW Normalize Perfusion Pressure Normalize CI Increase TrO2 Monitor SvO2

25 Proposed EGDT Systolyc BP<90 mmhg Lactate>4 mmol/l SvO2<70% Normalize Preload (GEDV) while avoiding lung edema EVLW Normalize Perfusion Pressure Normalize CI Increase TrO2 The winning combination! Monitor SvO2

26 Another winning combination: HOME, FAMILY, DOG, WINE, MUSIC Thank you very much for your attention

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