Essential. Oils. Copyright 2013 All Rights Reserved The Health Coach Group

Transcription

1 O Essential Oils 1

2 Index INDEX What are Essential Oils Top 12 Essential Oils Benefits of Essential Oils History of Essential Oils Application Methods Topical Application Internal Application Why Quality Matters Carrier Oils Blending Essential Oil Index Regulations Cooking Resources Aromatic Application Lifestyle Application Safety and Warnings Sources of Essential Oils Extraction Methods Properties of Essential Oils Aromatic Science 2

3 What Are Essential Oils? Benefits Essential oils are the volatile, evaporative, liquids which are extracted from aromatic plants, trees, and grasses. Oils are found in the sacs or secretory cells, within the fibers of the plant. They create the fragrances that one notices when encountering these plants. Essential oils come from all over the world, just as plants are specific to certain climates. When used for therapeutic purposes, only pure, certified, therapeutic grade essential oils should be used in order to achieve desired effect as well as prevent adverse reactions caused by possible impurities. Many essential oils are of light viscosity and clear although some are heavier. All essential oils are fat soluble only and will not dissolve in water. Essential oils are highly concentrated and potent, needing carrier oils in order to properly utilize them. There are many uses for essential oils, benefiting all human functioning, the mind, body, and spirit, in nature. Essential oils can be utilized in a vast variety of methods, ranging from oral consumption to cleaning solvents. 3

4 Top 12 Essential Oils Peppermint Lavender Eucalyptus Tea Tree Sandalwood Lemon Ylang-Ylang Frankincense Roman Chamomile Geranium Rose Bergamot Most Commonly Used Essential Oils 4

5 Top 12 Essential Oils Peppermint Refreshing, cooling, uplifting, and restorative Can be used internally, aromatically, and topically Bee Sting / Insect Bites Minor Burns Hay Fever Most Commonly Used Essential Oils Example of uses: Cold Sores Indigestion Colds/Congestion Headache Stress Energy, Increased Alertness Sore Muscles Lavender Versatile, uplifting, and healing Can be used internally, aromatically, and topically Eucalyptus Best known for respiratory benefits, has many more Can be used aromatically and topically Examples of uses: Congestion Oral Hygiene Headache Arthritis Pest Repellent Examples of uses: Calming / Anxiety Sleep Aid 5

6 Top 12 Essential Oils Tea Tree (Melaleuca) Most Commonly Used Essential Oils Antibacterial and Antimicrobial, effective at cleansing the mind, body, and home. Can be used internally, aromatically, and topically Example of uses: Skin Blemishes Yoga Mat Cleaner Pink Eye Razor Burn / Ingrown Hairs Cuts and Burns Viral Infection Insomnia Urinary Tract Infection Lemon Most commonly know for cleansing properties Can be used internally, aromatically, and topically Examples of uses: Disinfectant Mouthwash Sandalwood Best known for it s spiritual enhancement abilities Can be used internally, aromatically, and topically Energy Enhancement Fever Memory Booster Examples of uses: Anxiety / Stress Cancers 6

7 Top 12 Essential Oils Ylang-Ylang Most Commonly Used Essential Oils Antibacterial and Antimicrobial, effective at cleansing the mind, body, and home. Can be used internally, aromatically, and topically Example of uses: Skin Blemishes Yoga Mat Cleaner Pink Eye Razor Burn / Ingrown Hairs Cuts and Burns Sandalwood Best known for it s spiritual enhancement abilities Can be used internally, aromatically, and topically Examples of uses: Anxiety / Stress Cancers Viral Infection Insomnia Urinary Tract Infection Lemon Most commonly used as holistic treatment therapy and overall well-being Can be used internally, aromatically, and topically Examples of uses: Stress High Blood Pressure Lice Treatment Antibacterial Aphrodisiac 7

8 Top 12 Essential Oils Frankincense Most Commonly Used Essential Oils Best known for usage in religious ceremonies. Can be used internally, aromatically, and topically Example of uses: Scar Tissue Mood Enhancement Pain Warts Anti-inflammatory Skin Conditions ADHD Shock PMS Geranium Sometimes called the women s oil due to it s benefits with menstruation and menopause. Can be used internally, aromatically, and topically Roman Chamomile In Ancient Egypt was dedicated to the sun god, Ra, who restored wholeness to the self. Can be used internally, aromatically, and topically Examples of uses: Depression Examples of uses: Cellulite Bleeding (Hemostatic) Tonic Deodorant Antibacterial 8

9 Top 12 Essential Oils Rose Most Commonly Used Essential Oils Used throughout history in aromatherapy, as a healing tonic, and for mood elevation Can be used internally, aromatically, and topically Herpes Addictions Infection Example of uses: Antidepressant Antibacterial Aphrodisiac Skin Irritation Pain Bergamot Gives Earl Grey tea it s flavor Can be used internally, aromatically, and topically Stress Immune Booster 9

10 Benefits of Essential Oils Enriching your life with essential oils Essential Oils can enrich your life through enhancing mind, body, and spirit. They are easily absorbed through the skin due to the small molecular size Powerful antioxidants, preventing mutation, fungus, and oxidation in cells Have antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, anti-infectious, antimicrobial, antitumor, antiparasitic, antiviral, antispasmodic, and antiseptic nature May detoxify cells and blood Contain sesquiterpenes and can pass the blood-brain barrier assisting in relief from degenerative brain disease Aromatic in nature, purifying air by removing toxins, increasing oxygen, destroying odors, and inhibiting bacterial growth Promotes emotional, physical, and spiritual healing Suppresses symptoms of illness holistically Natural, allowing relief without harmful side effects common in pharmaceutical drugs Prevents illness 10

11 History of Essential Oils Essential oils have been used for centuries in religious ceremonies, marriage ceremonies, courtship, cosmetics, burial services, medicines, and other areas. Through trial and error, ancient civilizations found that essential oils served useful purposes in all areas of mental, physical, and spiritual wellbeing. Essential Oils usage can date as far back 4500 BC in Egypt. Each deity had it s own fragrance as well as using the oils in the process of embalming. In Egypt oils served as both medicines as well as perfumes. Greeks believed all aromatic plants were of divine origin. Hippocrates believed that the key to good health is found in taking a daily aromatic bath and massage utilizing essential oils. Ancient Hindu medicine, Ayurveda, used plant extracts and essential oils in their healing potions. The use of essential oils and aromatherapy can also be found referenced to in the bible. In Israel, oils were used in religious ceremonies, in healing, and were highly valued. Early civilizations learned that by ingesting certain roots, flowers, berries, and other natural materials, certain ailments were alleviated. They also found that certain psychological and physiological effects occurred when burning different twigs and leaves. 11

12 Application Methods Essential oils can be used in a multitude of ways Topical Aromatically Internally Daily Uses 12

13 Topical Direct Application Essential oils are very potent so use caution to not use too much and dilute when called for. Areas on the feet, wrists, and behind the ears absorb oils quickly due to large pores. Layering through applying each individual oil one at a time is preferred over mixing oils for topical use. Massage Stimulates the muscles, skin, and connective tissues, increasing blood flow and allowing oils to be more effectively absorbed and delivered within the body. Use care to only use light to medium massage strokes unless trained as a professional message therapist. Reflex Therapy Application of essential oils to contact points in feet or hands. Allows oils to enter neuro-electrical pathways through vibration. Particularly of benefit when trying to pinpoint a certain system or organ. Use caution when using massage with those who have certain illnesses or are pregnant. 13

14 Topical Auricular Similar to reflex therapy, using specific areas on the ear to create effects in specific systems or organs. Compresses Through using water mixed with essential oils and absorbing into a towel to apply to the body. Can be used either hot or cold. Place towel or cloth on the surface of the water to saturate. Oils will collect at the surface. When using a hot compress, cover saturated towel with a dry towel and hot water bottle. When using a cold compress, cover with plastic wrap. Cold compresses are best for inflammation, fever, and sprains. Warm compresses are best for aches and pains. Allow compress to stay in contact with area for 1-2 hours minimum for best results. Hot compresses are especially effective after massage. Bath Apply desired amount of oil (usually 3-6 drops) directly into bathwater. Add to bathwater after filling to preserve more volatile essential oils. Can be added to shower gels and bath salts to allow it to be more evenly dispersed. Apply directly to washcloth and rub into body. After bathing, can be added to body spray and applied. 14

15 Aromatic Diffusion Most effective through a nebulizing diffuser, oils are misted into the air for inhalation and cleansing of air. Other diffusers may us cool air to bring the oils into the air. Diffusers that use a strong heat source are not recommended since they may damage the molecular integrity of the oil. For most effective therapeutic value, diffuse for 15 minutes out of each hour. Hot Water Vapor Heat water, adding 1-3 drops of essential oil and inhale. Heat may reduce therapeutic benefits Vaporizer/Humidifier Add oil into vaporizer or humidifier to introduce into air. Most effective with cool mist versions. Ultrasonic vibration vaporizers especially effective, allowing suspension of oil in air for longer periods of time. Direct Inhalation Hold oil close to face and inhale. Easiest method of inhalation of essential oils. Fan/Vent Place oil source on or behind fan or in vent to introduce into the air. May apply 1-3 drops onto cloth, cotton, towel, or Burner otherwise, placing close to face and inhaling. Use tea light candle under basin containing oil. Fill top basin ½ way with water and add 8-10 drops essential oil. 15

16 Aromatic Perfume/Cologne Wear 1-2 drops of oil directly on wrists or neck. For mist, dissolve drops essential oil in 20 drops alcohol and 1 tsp distilled water. Apply to wrists or neck. Steam Room Special steam head attachments aroma oil pumps are available for purchase to use essential with Mist essential oil and water mixture directly into the steam room once steam has set in. Room Spray Use glass container to prevent essential oils from reacting with plastic. Fill bottle with a 1 tsp water to 3 drop essential oil ratio. Sauna Add essential oil to water to pour over rocks. 16

17 Internal Sublingual Place 1-2 drops directly underneath tongue. Oils are rapidly delivered to blood stream. Capsule Place 1-10 drops of essential oil in either an empty capsule or capsule filled with ingestible carrier oil and swallow. Good way to apply essential oils internally that have unpleasant taste. Cooking Add to recipes and ingest through eating Keep in mind oils are concentrated and only a very small amount is require to achieve desire results. Vaginal Insertion Dilute oil in carrier oil and apply through vaginal syringe, holding in place with tampon or soak directly into tampon. Alternative vaginal method, mixing oil with warm water and applying as a douche. Beverage Add desired dosage to beverage to drink. Rectal Insertion Deposit oils into rectum using a rectal syringe. Alternative rectal method, placing essential oil into a capsule and inserting the capsule into rectum. *Caution* When applying essential oils internally, use only pure, therapeutic grade oils. 17

18 Daily Life Application Cooking Sleep and Relaxation Diffuse into air Apply directly to pillow Apply as a linen spray Bathe before rest Increase Energy Diffuse into air Add into morning beverage or meal Incorporate into morning bathing Bathing Add essential oils into bathwater Use as bath oil Mix into shower gel/bath salts Use in body sprays Foot/hand soaks Air Freshener Toothpaste Mix oil with baking soda to brush teeth and gums. Cleaning Disinfectant Trash can deodorizer Dishes Mildew spray Mirror Cleaner Eliminate mold Laundry Degreaser Cleansing wash Use in dryer 18

19 Daily Life Application Furniture Polish Clothing Deodorizer, using satchel with essential oil on it placed in drawers or closet. Toothpaste Mix oil with baking soda to brush teeth and gums. Eliminate paint fumes Carpet Carpet cleaner Carpet deodorizer Grease remover Gum remover Place cotton ball with 4-6 drops oil into collection area of vacuum to freshen room while vacuuming. Insect/Pest Repellent Bug Repellent Lavender, lemongrass, patchouli, basil Mice Repellent 19

20 Safety and Warnings Caution Whenever using essential oils, take care to research the proper ways to use them as well as potential adverse reactions and contraindications. Skin-Patch Test If you have any allergies or sensitive skin, perform a skin-patch test prior to using essential oils. Use a clean area on the inside of you lower arm and apply 2 drops to an antiseptic-free plaster and leave on forearm for 48 hours, or apply oil directly to skin and cover with bandage. Avoid use of the oil if any redness, swelling, or blistering occurs. Adverse Reactions Immediately wash skin with fragrance-free soap to remove the oil. Expose skin to air to promote evaporation. Keep out of sunlight Apply a mild corticosteroid if needed Double Check Possible Reactions if These Apply: If you are taking aspirin, heparin, warfarin, paracetamol During pregnancy With high blood pressure, fever, epilepsy, liver problems, skin sensitivity, or allergies If using on an infant or small child 20

21 Safety and Warnings Caution It is important to always use caution when using essential oils Even toxic essential oils can still be used if used properly. Take extra care to know what the proper application and dosage when using them. Toxic Essential Oils: Ajowan Cinnamon (Leaf) Anise (Star) Clove (Bud) Bay Laurel Coriander Bay (West Indian) Costus Bitter Almond Elecampane Boldo Eucalyptus Buchu Fennel (Sweet) Calamintha Hops Calamus Horseradish Camphor Hyssop Cassia Jaborandi Cedarwood (Virginian) Juniper Mugwort Mustard Nutmeg Parsley Seed Pennyroyal Pepper (Black) Rue Sage (Spanish) Sassafras Savin Savory Southerwood Tagetes Tansy Tarragon Thuja Thyme (White) Turmeric Valerian Wintergreen Wormseed Wormwood 21

22 Safety and Warnings Caution Always use caution and research possible side effects when using essential oils. Possible Skin Reactions: Irritation: This is where a substance comes into contact with the skin, and causes anything from a mild itch to burns. The important thing is it that once the substance is removed and healing takes place, there should be no more problems. Sensitization - a far more serious situation than irritation: Once the substance has been introduced to the skin, it can cause permanent changes in the immune system in a similar manner to a vaccination. On first use no adverse effects may be seen. However, the body has been sensitized, and next time the same or a similar substance is used, a reaction may occur. The severity can again be just a mild itch, through to the extreme of severe anaphylactic shock. However, the later in aromatherapy is almost unknown. Sensitization in aromatherapy is something to be on constant alert for. If after using any essential oil or absolute, an irritating or burning sensation, or a blotchy irritable skin rash are noticed, then that particular oil or chemically similar ones should not be used again. This type of reaction is far more likely to occur with therapists rather than their clients. Photosensitization (sometimes referred to as photo toxicity): This is where a substance coming into contact with the skin can react with ultra violet light. This reaction may cause anything from mild brown blotches through to severe burning of the skin. The condition can be long lasting and subsequent exposure of the skin to ultra violet light can trigger a reaction. It is vital to remember that it is ultra violet light which causes the problem and this can occur even on relatively dull days. Therefore it is not as many aromatherapy authors say "caused only by bright sunlight". The main essential oils to avoid in this respect are expressed Bergamot and Lime. The Bergamot grade known as FCF is perfectly safe "Essential Oil Safety." Essential Oil Safety. 22

23 Safety and Warnings Caution Phototoxic essential oils may cause skin discoloration or promote burning and rash when used in or before exposure to sun or sun-like devices. Phototoxic Essential Oils: Angelica Root Bergamot Bitter Orange Cassia Cumin Ginger Grapefruit Lemon (cold-pressed) Lime (cold-pressed) Lovage Mandarin Opopanax Verbena Ketones: Essential oils containing ketones must be used with caution. Appropriate application and use of these are safe, however, misuse or overdose can cause permanent damage as it can act as a neurotoxic because ketones are so easily able to pass the blood-brain barrier. Delivery methods in order of most ketone toxic to least: Oral, Rectal, Vaginal, Topically, Inhalation 23

24 Sources of Essential Oils Flowers Herbs Resins and Roots Citruses Trees and Woods Spices Grasses, Seeds, and Shrubs 24

25 Extraction Methods Essential oils are derived from various sources in a variety of different ways Distillation: Used to heat the plant material until a vapor is formed, then in cooling, the vapor becomes liquid. The material is covered in watered and heated in a vacuum-sealed container. It is slower than steam distillation and less effective due to the heat damaging certain components of the essential oils. Steam Distillation: Plant material is added to water then brought to a boil or kept in a separate chamber where steam is released into the chamber holding the plant materials. The steam that is created runs through a cooler and the essential oil is collected off of the top of the cooled water. This is the most commonly used method of extracting essential oils Expression: Only used with citrus. Performed by squeezing and puncturing the skin of the fruit allowing the oils contained in the sacs, allowing the oil to run out and be filtered. Sometimes referred to as cold-pressing 25

26 Extraction Methods Solvent: Used with plant material with low yields of oil. Material is added to the solvent where the solvent absorbs the properties of the oil then the solvent is evaporated and the left over substance is filtered. Gentle process, but leaves some of the solvent along with the essential oil. Carbon Dioxide Extraction: Keeps the gas under high pressure at a constant temperature that is lower than steam distillation, being a more gentle way of extracting the essential oils. The necessary equipment is very expensive so this method is generally reserved to producing only expensive herbal and floral essential oils. Phytonic: This process uses solvents, phytosols, which allow the oils to be captured at room temperature. The exclusion of using heat in the extraction process keeps the properties of the oils in tact. Due to the use of potentially harmful fluorohydrocarbons, this method is not eco-friendly. 26

27 Properties of Essential Oils Anesthetic Anti-Allergic Anti-Asthmatic Antibiotic Anti-Coagulant Antidepressant Anti-Microbial Anti-Neuralgic Anti-Rheumatic Antiseptic cinnamon, cloves, peppermint chamomile cedarwood, roman chamomile, cypress, eucalyptus, frankincense, lavender tea tree geranium bergamot, clary sage, lavender, lemongrass, neroli, orange myrrh, thyme cloves, lemon chamomile, cypress, eucalyptus, hyssop, juniper berry, lemon, lavender, niaouli, pine, rosemary, thyme basil, bergamot, black pepper, cedarwood, cinnamon, clove, fir, frankincense, lavender, lemon, rose, sandalwood Adapted from "Therapeutic Properties of Essential Oils." 27

28 Properties of Essential Oils Antispasmodic Anti-venomous Antiviral Anxiety Aphrodisiac Astringent Bactericide Balsamic Cardiac Carminative basil, bergamot, clary sage, clove, jasmine, lavender, mandarin, neroli, orange, peppermint, sandalwood, tangerine, thyme basil, thyme eucalyptus, lavender, lime, tea tree roman chamomile, clary sage, jasmine, lavender, neroli, sandalwood basil, black pepper, cinnamon, clary sage, clove, ginger, jasmine, rosewood, rose, sandalwood, thyme, ylang-ylang cedarwood, cypress, frankicense, geranium, hyssop, juniper berry, lemon, lime, myrrh, peppermint, rose, rosemary, sandalwood basil, lavender, lemon, lemongrass, lime, myrrh, neroli, rose, rosewood, tea tree clary sage, eucalyptus, myrrh, niaouli, pine, tea tree cinnamon, hyssop, thyme basil, bergamot, carrot seed, cinnamon, clove, ginger, hyssop, juniper berry, lemon, lemongrass, orange, oregano, peppermint, rosemary, thyme Adapted from "Therapeutic Properties of Essential Oils." 28

29 Properties of Essential Oils Cordial Concentration Cytophylactic Decongestant Deodorant Detoxification Digestive Disinfectant Diuretic Energy Exhaustion bergamot, lavender, neroli, peppermint, rosemary, tea tree basil, ginger carrot seed, frankincense, geranium, lavender, mandarin, neroli, rose eucalyptus, lavender, niaouli, peppermint, pine bergamot, citronella, clary sage, cypress, geranium, lavender, lemongrass, myrrh, pine, rosewood cedarwood, grapefruit, lemon, orange, rosemary black pepper, ginger, lemon, lemongrass, peppermint clover, juniper berry, lime, myrrh, pine black pepper, carrot seed, cedarwood, cypress, eucalyptus, hyssop, juniper berry, lavender, lemon, lemongrass, pine, rose, rosemary, sandalwood basil, grapefruit, lemon, orange, rosemary black pepper, clary sage, frankincense, grapefruit, lemon, mandarin, ylangylang Adapted from "Therapeutic Properties of Essential Oils." 29

30 Properties of Essential Oils Expectorant Fever Flatulence Gout Gum Infection Hangover Hay Fever Hypertension Hypotension Headache bergamot, cedarwood, hyssop, myrrh, pine, peppermint, sandalwood, thyme bergamot, black pepper, chamomile, eucalyptus, ginger, lemon peppermint juniper berry, geranium, peppermint myrrh, peppermint, tea tree cypress, grapefruit, juniper berry, pine, rosemary eucalyptus, german chamomile, lavender hyssop, rosemary, thyme clary sage, lavender, lemon basil, eucalyptus, grapefruit, lavender, peppermint Adapted from "Therapeutic Properties of Essential Oils." 30

31 Properties of Essential Oils Heartburn Indigestion Infection Influenza Insect Repellent Insomnia Irritability Jet Lag Laxative Laryngitis german chamomile, marjoram, peppermint cardamom, ginger, lemon, peppermint black pepper, cinnamon, juniper berry, lavender, lemon, lemongrass, myrrh, pine, rosemary black pepper, cinnamon, clove, cypress, ginger, lemon, peppermint cedarwood, citronella, eucalyptus, lavender, peppermint, sandalwood roman chamomile, lavender, clary sage, neroli, sandalwood roman chamomile, clary sage, geranium, lavender, neroli, sandalwood basil, geranium, grapefruit, peppermint, rosemary black pepper, ginger, lemon, rose, violet bergamot, cypress, lavender, lemon Adapted from "Therapeutic Properties of Essential Oils." 31

32 Properties of Essential Oils Measles Memory Menopause Menstruation Migraine Mumps Muscle Pain Nausea Nosebleed Neuralgia bergamot, german chamomile, eucalyptus, geranium, lavender, tea tree basil, rosemary roman chamomile, cleary sage, cypress, geranium, jasmine, lavender, sandalwood clary sage, geranium, lavender, roman chamomile, marjoram roman chamomile, lavender, peppermint, rosemary german chamomile, lavender, tea tree basil, black pepper, roman chamomile, clary sage, marjoram, peppermint, rosemary clove, ginger, peppermint cypress, lavender, lemon black pepper, chamomile, clary sage, geranium, peppermint Adapted from "Therapeutic Properties of Essential Oils." 32

33 Properties of Essential Oils Overindulgence PMS Respiratory Relaxation Rheumatism Scarring Seasickness Sedative Shock Sinusitis Sunburn juniper berry, grapefruit, lemon, peppermint clary sage, roman chamomile, geranium, neroli, rosemary basil, cedarwood, eucalyptus, peppermint, rosemary, sandalwood clary sage, geranium, lavender, neroli, sandalwood, ylang-ylang black pepper, cedarwood, chamomile, cloves, eucalyptus, frankincense, ginger, lavender, lemon, pine, rosemary helichrysum, jasmine, neroli, sandalwood ginger bergamot, cedarwood, clary sage, cypress, frankincense, jasmine, lavender, mandarin, neroli, rose, sandalwood, ylang-ylang basil, lavender basil, eucalyptus, lavender, peppermint, pine, rosemary, tea tree roman chamomile, eucalyptus, lavender Adapted from "Therapeutic Properties of Essential Oils." 33

34 Properties of Essential Oils Throat Tonsillitis Toothache Tonic Varicose Veins Windburn Wounds eucalyptus, lemon, sandalwood, tea tree lavender, tea tree roman chamomile, clove, peppermint basil, black pepper, carrot seed, clary sage, frankincense, geranium, ginger, hyssop, lemon, lemongrass, myrrh, neroli, orange, pine, rose, rosewood cypress, geranium, lemon roman chamomile, lavender bergamot, roman chamomile, eucalyptus, frankincense, lavender, tea tree Adapted from "Therapeutic Properties of Essential Oils." 34

35 Aromatic Science Aromatherapy is a step in removing the divide between mind, body, and spirit found in Western Medicine. There are many breakthroughs in the area of neuropsychology and the relationship between emotion, healing, and health. Science is constantly finding more and more connection between the interdependence of the mind and the body, making essential oils very powerful in treating many different ailments as well as prevention. Essential oils have medicinal, holistic, and therapeutic benefits that are unique to each essential oil and it s effect on the human body. Two chemical families, terpenes and phenylpropanes make up the vast majority of essential oils. 35

36 Aromatic Science Components of Essential Oils Monoterpenes Molecule Type Monoterpenehydrocarbons Ketones Aldehydes Esters Alcohols Phenols Oxides Effects (example) Stimulant (pine, orange) Mucolytic (sage, hyssop) Calmative (citronella, melissa) Antispasmodic (lavender, clary sage) Natural Tonic (palmarosa, peppermint, coriander) Stimulant, Irritant (oregano, thyme) Expectorant (eucalyptus, tea tree, niaouli) Schnaubelt, Kurt. Advanced Aromatherapy: The Science of Essential Oil Therapy. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts, Print. 36

37 Aromatic Science Components of Essential Oils Sesquiterpenes Molecule Type Sesquiterpenehydrocarbons Alcohols Lactones Effects (example) Anti-inflammatory (german chamomile) Various (sandalwood, vetiver, patchouli) Mucolytic (inula graveolens, laurel) Phenylpropanes Molecule Type Estragol Anethol Eugenol Cinnamic Aldehyde Effects (example) Antispasmodic (tarragon) Antispasmodic (anise) Sensitizing (clove) Antiseptic (cinnamon, cassia) Schnaubelt, Kurt. Advanced Aromatherapy: The Science of Essential Oil Therapy. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts, Print. 37

38 Why Quality Matters While it is tempting to purchase low quality essential oils at a less cost, but when it comes to essential oils, you get what you pay for! Producing pure essential oils is costly, which is why it is more expensive to get a good quality essential oil. Look for essential oils that are pure, certified, AND therapeutic-grade. Essential oils that are not pure, therapeutic grade may smell identical to their more expensive counterparts, however, there is a large possibility that high pressure, high temperatures, rapid processing, and chemical solvents were used to more cost efficiently produce the oils, therefore depriving the oil of the needed quality to produce therapeutic results when used. Producing pure oils can be very expensive, some oils take multiple tons of plant material to produce one pound of essential oil. Some pure oils are sold for over $10,000 a pound. 38

39 Carrier Oils Carrier oil, also known as base oil, is used to dilute essential oils before they are applied to the skin. They are called carrier oils because they carry the essential oils into the skin. Carrier oils are generally nonaromatic, unlike essential oils. Another reason carrier oils are used is because they will not evaporate like essential oils, which are more volatile. Look for carrier oils that are pure and preferably cold-pressed. Different carrier oils can produce different therapeutic properties. Always be mindful of health conditions and sensitivities when choosing a carrier oil. Carrier oils can be easily blended to combine their properties of viscosity, acceptability, lubrication, absorption, aroma and so forth. The term infused oils means that the essential oil(s) have been previously added into the carrier. All carrier oils should be kept cool, and away from strong light to prevent spoilage. 39

40 Carrier Oils Carrier Oil Sweet Almond Oil Apricot Kernel Oil Avocado Oil Borage Oil Calendula Oil Camellia Carrot Oil Coconut Oil Evening Primrose Oil Therapeutic Benefits and Uses Pale yellow, almost odorless, has soothing properties. Rich in minerals, vitamins, essential fatty acids, and proteins. Protects and nourishes skin. Yellow with light, silky texture. Nourishing, high in vitamin E, rich in essential fatty acids, and emollient. Easily absorbed. Deep green with nutty aroma. Rich in vitamins and essential fatty acids. Thicker, rich, emollient, and deeply penetrating. Can be mixed with lighter carrier oils. Rich source of GLA. Non-irritant and skin softening. Infused oil. Healing, aids in tissue regeneration, and nourishing to skin. Good for skin conditions. Infused oil not to be confused with carrot seed essential oil. Bright orange, rich in betacarotene and vitamins. Excellent skin tonic. Solid at room temperature, good for creams. Skin softening, aiding in moisture retention. Antibacterial and antiviral properties. Fractionated coconut oil will stay liquid and not spoil. Golden-yellow, viscous. Excellent moisturizer and rich in GLA. Anti-inflammatory, high in antioxidant. 40

41 Carrier Oils Carrier Oil Grapeseed Oil Hazelnut Oil Hemp Seed Oil Hypercicum Oil (St. John s Wort) Jojoba Oil Macadamia Oil Neem Seed Oil Olive Oil Peach Kernel Oil Therapeutic Benefits and Uses Refined, light oil. Rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Fine, non-greasy, texture, easily absorbed. Pale green. Pale yellow with strong nutty aroma. Easily absorbed, gentle, and mildly astringent. High in vitamin E. Highly therapeutic. High in essential fatty acids and nourishing. Anti-inflammatory. Soothing and antiseptic. Tightens skin. Liquid wax, light texture, deeply penetrating. Antibacterial. Moisturizing with emollient properties. Resembles natural skin oils. Skin lubricant, easily absorbed. Non-greasy. Effective in treating skin ailments, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial. Also used as insectrepellent and organic insecticide. Moisturizing, aiding in skin regeneration. Emollient and nourishing, skin protectant. Slowly absorbed. Common in skin creams. 41

42 Carrier Oils Carrier Oil Rosehip-Seed Oil Sunflower Oil Wheatgerm Oil Therapeutic Benefits and Uses Pale yellow to orange. Tissue-regenerating properties. Vitamin rich, soothing effect on skin. Rich orange color. Rich in vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. Antioxidant. 42

43 Blending When essential oils are blended together, they can work better than used alone, by enhancing the effects of the other oils in the blend. Essential oils are blended in order to create fragrances, for therapeutic, and for medical qualities. People are generally more attracted to blends that will benefit their natural well-being. Always take caution to mix essential oils that are compatible. Experimentation and experience is the key to successfully blending. When essential oils are used together with enhanced effects, this is called synergy. This is how they interact with each other. The blend will evolve and subtly change over time, making blending more of an alchemy and art. Since each person s needs and conditions are unique, the most effective blends are also different to each person using the essential oils. Each blend will contain unique properties 43

44 Blending When blending it is preferred to use glass containers and utensils to avoid chemical reactions that can be found when using plastic or metal Make sure to provide room at the top of the container. Add essential oils into carrier oil base. Make sure to keep track of what mixtures and how much are used when you create new blends so you can refer to it to recreate blend. After creating blend, it is best to let site for hours to allow the oils to truly blend. 44

45 Blending Top, Middle, and Base Notes Top Notes The aroma immediately noticed. Sharp, penetrating, volatile Extreme Hot or Cold Light, fresh and dissipate quickly Middle Notes Gives body Warm Soft, rounded, mellow Usually bulk of blend Each essential oil contains top, middle, and base notes. These evaporate over time, which is why a fragrance s aroma will seem to change over the duration of wearing it. Different oils each plays a tendency to be top, middle, or base notes when blended together. Base Notes Fixatives Rich and heavy Deepens blend Pulls into skin Barely able to be noticed before application 45

46 Blending Top, Middle, and Base Notes When blending, it can be beneficial to keep in mind the evaporation rate and the intensity of each essential oil in order to deliberately create base, middle, and top notes. For example, Patchouli has an evaporation rate of 100, meaning it will not evaporation over a long period of time, making it a good base note; while eucalyptus has an evaporation rate of 5, evaporating quickly and making it a good choice as a top note. The evaporation rate and intensity are good indication of what note an oil would be best used as, but by no means, the rule. 46

47 Blending Another way of choosing blends is through using four different classifications: The Personifier Oils that are used first and should be 1-5% of the blend. They have strong, sharp aromas and last a long time. They have strong therapeutic action and are dominant. Examples: clary sage, clove, and ylang-ylang oils The Enhancer Oils that are used second and should be 50-80% of the blend. These will be predominant. They have sharper aromas and they are the dominant oils in the blend. Examples: bergamot, melaleuca, and rosemary oils The Equalizer Oils that are used third and should be 10-51% of the blend. They are not as sharp and last a shorter amount of time. They create not only the balance but the synergy in the essential oil blend. Examples: bergamot, frankincense, lavender, and sandalwood The Modifier Oils that are used last and should be 5-8% of the blend. They have mild aromas and do not last long. They harmonize the blend. Examples: bergamot, eucalyptus, and lemon 47

48 Blending Perfume Families Floral lavender, neroli, jasmine Green Chypre Citrus Spicy rosemary, basil composed of citrus top notes, a middle centered, and a mossy animalic base note patchouli, cleary sage, vetiver orange, lemon, verbena nutmeg, clove, cinnamon Amber (Oriental) Earthy Woodsy oakmoss, vetiver, patchouli pine, cedar Herbaceous Minty marjoram, rosemary, basil peppermint, spearmint Camphorous eucalyptus, cajuput, tea tree ginger, patchouli, frankincense 48

49 Essential Oil Blends B 49

50 Blending Calming Massage Blend 4 tsp Base oil 3 drops German Chamomile 5 drops Lavender 4 drops Bergamot Muscle Care Blend 4 tsp Base oil 4 drops Rosemary 4 drops Lavender 4 drops Marjoram Blends Detox Blend 4 tsp Base oil Aphrodisiac Blend 4 tsp Base oil 5 drops Grapefruit 5 drops Sweet Fennel 2 drops Carrot Seed 5 drops Rose Absolute 4 drops Sandalwood 3 drops Patchouli 50

51 Blending Daytime Flu Blend (Diffuse in steaming bowl of water) 2 drops Eucalyptus 2 drops Lavender 2 drops Peppermint 2 drops Tea Tree Digestive Blend 1 tsp Base oil 1 drop Peppermint Oil 1 drop Chamomile Oil 2 drops Rosemary Oil 1 drop Clove Oil Blends Scar Prevention Blend 1 drop Lavender 1 drop Lemongrass 1 drop Geranium Uplifting Blend 6 tsp Base oil 2 drops Geranium 2 drops Rosewood 2 drops Bergamot 51

52 Blending Mental Focusing Blend 2 drops Fractionated Coconut Oil 4 drops Peppermint Oil 4 drops Wild Orange Oil Anxiety Blend 1 drop Rose Oil 1 drop Lavender Oil 2 drops Mandarin Oil 1 drop Vetiver Oil Blends Headache Blend Hypertension Blend Cotton ball or washcloth 4 drops Rosemary Oil 4 drops Basil Oil 4 drops Peppermint Oil 6 tsp Fractionated Coconut Oil 5 drops Geranium Oil 8 drops Lemongrass Oil 3 drops Lavender Oil 4 drops Marjoram Oil 4 drops Lavender Oil 52

53 Blending Acne Blend 6 tsp Fractionated Coconut Oil 6 drops Lavender Oil 5 drops Tea Tree Oil 1 drop Geranium Oil Blends Shampoo Blend 7 ounces Unscented Shampoo Base 2 tsp Jojoba Oil 40 drops Lavender Oil 10 drops Rosemary Oil 5 drops Ylang-Ylang Oil 8 ounce Bottle Menstrual Cramp Blend 6 tsp Jojoba Oil 5 drops Peppermint Oil 4 drops Cypress Oil 3 drops Lavender Oil Dishwashing Blend Liquid Castile Soap 20 drops Lime Oil 10 drops Sweet Orange Oil 5 drops Citrus Seed extract 53

54 Essential Oil Index I 54

55 Index of Essential Oils Bergamot Black Pepper Birch Cedarwood Cinnamon Clary Sage Clove Cypress Eucalyptus Fennel Frankincense Geranium Ginger Grapefruit Helichrysum Jasmine Juniper Berry Lavender Lemon Lemongrass Marjoram Mandarin Melaleuca (Tea Tree) Melissa (Lemon Balm) Myrrh Neroli Oregano Orange Palo Santo Patchouli Peppermint Pine Roman Chamomile Rose Rosemary Sandalwood Thyme Vetiver White Fir Ylang-Ylang 55

56 Bergamot Index Aromatic Influence: Relieves anxiety, depression, stress, and tension. Soothing and sedating. Creates sense of uplifting and refreshment. Benefits: Analgesic, antibacterial, antidepressant, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cicatrizant, deodorant, digestive, neuro-protective, sedative, tonic Application: Topical - Neat Apply to forehead, temples, reflex points and/or directly to area of concern Internal Aromatic Usage: Agitation, anxiety, brain injury, colic, cystitis, depression, mind/body stress, physical energy, PMS, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Seasonal Affective Disorder, urinary tract infection Caution: Contact sensitivity with repeated use Avoid direct sunlight/uv for up to 72 hours after use Use no more than 3 drops in bath 56

57 Black Pepper Index Aromatic Influence: Comforting, stimulating. Builds endurance and aids in feeling connected to life. Aids in meditation with connecting and moving forward. Benefits: Analgesic, anti-catarrhal, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, aphrodisiac, expectorant, laxative, stimulant, tonic Application: Topical - Neat Apply to reflex points and/or directly to area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Tobacco addiction, digestive stimulant, flatulence, anemia, bruises Caution: Possible skin irritant Use no more than 3 drops in bath and 2% in massage oil 57

58 Birch Index Aromatic Influence: Influences, elevates, opens, and increases awareness of sensory system. Benefits: Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, anti-septic, antispasmodic, disinfectant, diuretic, stimulant (bone, liver), warming. Application: Topical - Neat Topical - Dilute 1:1 for young or sensitive skin. Apply to reflex points and/or directly to area of concern Aromatic Usage: Cartilage injury, muscle aches, muscle development, muscle tone, whiplash Caution: Avoid during pregnancy Not for use for those with epilepsy Possible allergen 58

59 Cedarwood Index Aromatic Influence: Balancing. Reduces fear, allowing inner strength to emerge. Calms nerves and tension. Enhances meditation. Benefits: Antiseptic, anti-seborrheic, astringent, diuretic, expectorant, insecticide, sedative, tonic Application: Topical Aromatic Usage: Glandular and nervous system, rebalancing, cellulite, bronchitis, catarrh, muscle ache, skin toning, acne, dandruff, eczema, ulcers, oily skin Caution: Avoid during pregnancy 59

60 Cinnamon Index Aromatic Influence: Fortifying and reviving. Creates livelihood and inspires courage. Benefits: Anti-bacterial, antidepressant, antifungal, anti-infectious (intestinal, urinary), antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-parasitic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic (light), antiviral, astringent, immune stimulant, purifier, sexual stimulant, warming. Enhances other oils Application: Topical - Dilute 1:3 Apply to reflex points and directly to area of concern. Aromatic Internal Usage: Airborne bacteria, arthritic joints, bacterial infections, bites/stings, breathing, diabetes, diverticulitis, digestion, fungal infections, general tonic, immune system, infection, low libido, mold, muscle spasms, pancreas support, physical fatigue, pneumonia, slow digestion, typhoid, vaginal infection, vaginitis, viral infections, warming (body) 60

61 Cinnamon Index Caution: Contact sensitivity with repeated use Avoid during pregnancy Possible skin irritant Nasal irritant when diffused Use no more than 2 drops in bath and 1% in massage oils 61

62 Clary Sage Index Aromatic Influence: Most euphoric of essential oils. Eases anxiety and panic. Intoxicating, sensuous, and uplifting. Enhances meditation, strengthening energies and inspiration. Benefits: Anticonvulsant, antifungal, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, nerve tonic, sedative, soothing, tonic, warming. Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and/or directly on area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Aneurysm, breast enlargement, cholesterol, abdominal cramps, dysmenorrhea, emotional stress, endometriosis, epilepsy, estrogen balance, frigidity, hair, hormonal balance, hot flashes, impotence, infection, infertility, insomnia, lactation, menstrual cramps, mood swings, muscle fatigue, Parkinson s Disease, PMS, postpartum depression, premenopause, seizure. 62

63 Clary Sage Index Caution: Caution during pregnancy Do not use on infants Avoid with alcohol usage Do not confuse with common sage 63

64 Clove Index Aromatic Influence: Influences healing, improves memory, mental stimulant, creates feeling of protection and courage. Alleviates pain. Restorative. Benefits: Analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, strong antiseptic, antitumor, antiviral, carminative, disinfectant, antioxidant, immune stimulant. Application: Topical Dilute 1:1 Apply to reflex points and/or directly on areas of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Addictions, antioxidant, blood clots, Candida, cataracts, corns, Crohn s Disease, disinfectant, fever, fungal infections, Herpes Simplex, Hodgkin s Disease, hormonal balance, hypothyroidism, liver cleansing, Lupus, macular degeneration, memory, metabolism balance, mold, muscle aches, muscle pain, neuralgia, osteoporosis, plague, Rheumatoid Arthritis, termites, thyroid dysfunction, toothache, Lipoma tumor, viral infections, warts, wounds 64

65 Clove Index Caution: Contact sensitivity with repeated use Caution during pregnancy Possible irritant for sensitive skin 65

66 Cypress Index Aromatic Influence: Influences and strengthens. Eases loss. Increases feeling of security and grounding. Enhances meditation, especially in regards to bereavement, transition, and change. Benefits: Antibacterial, anti-hematic, anti-infectious, antimicrobial, mucolytic, antiseptic, astringent, deodorant, diuretic, lymphatic decongestant, prostate decongestant, refreshing, relaxing, vasoconstricting, tonic Application: Topical Neat Apply to reflex points and directly on area of concern Aromatic Usage: Aneurysm, bone spurs, bunions, bursitis, carpal tunnel, Catarrh, circulation, concussion, dysmenorrhea, edema, endometriosis, environmental stress, influenza, oil hair, hemorrhoids, hiatal hernia, incontinence, Lou Gehrig s Disease, lymphatic decongestant, menopause, menorrhagia, muscle fatigue, muscle tone, chronic pain, pleurisy, preeclampsia, prostatitis, Raynaud s Disease, retina, Rheumatoid Arthritis, skin, stroke, swollen eyes, toxemia, Tuberculosis, varicose veins Caution: Caution during pregnancy 66

67 Eucalyptus Index Aromatic Influence: Stimulating and purifying. Cleansing of negative energy. Benefits: Analgesic, antibacterial, anti-catarrhal, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, anti-neuralgic, antiviral, insecticidal, expectorant. Application: Topical neat Topical dilute 1:1 for children and sensitive skin Apply to reflex points and directly on area of concern Aromatic Usage: Arterial vasodilator, asthma, brain blood flow, bronchitis, congestion, body cooling, coughs, diabetes, disinfectant, dysentery, ear inflammation, emphysema, expectorant, fever, influenza, hypoglycemia, inflammation, insect repellent, iris inflammation, jet lag, kidney stones, lice, measles, migraines, neuralgia, neuritis, over-exercised muscles, pain, pneumonia, respiratory viruses, rhinitis, shingles, sinusitis, tennis elbow, tuberculosis Caution: Possible skin sensitization Avoid use in small children and infants 67

68 Fennel Aromatic Influence: Increases and influences longevity, courage, and purification. Protecting, warming, and grounding. Benefits: Anti-parasitic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, diuretic, expectorant Application: Topical neat Topical dilute 1:1 for children and sensitive skin Apply to reflex points and directly on area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, blood clots, bruises, cellulite, digestive system support, gastritis, hangovers, kidney stones, lactation, menstrual support, pancreas support, parasites, skin, tissue cleansing, wrinkles Caution: Contact sensitivity with repeated use Not recommended for young children Caution if prone to epilepsy Caution if pregnant Avoid alcohol Index 68

69 Frankincense Index Aromatic Influence: Energy focus, concentration, eases irritability, enhanced spiritual awareness and meditation. Aids in balance. Benefits: Anti-catarrhal, anticancer, antidepressant, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antitumor, expectorant, immune stimulant, sedative, tonic Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and area of concern Internal Aromatic Usage: Agitation, anxiety, asthma, brain injury, colic, cystitis, depression, mind/body stress, physical energy, PMS, Rheumatoid Arthritis, wrinkles. Caution: Contact sensitivity with repeated use Avoid direct sunlight/uv for up to 72 hours after use 69

70 Geranium Aromatic Influence: Release negativity, create peace, eases nerves, emotional balance, peace, security, wellbeing, and hope. Benefits: Antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, diuretic, insect repellent, refreshing, relaxing, sedative, tonic Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Agitation, airborne bacteria, anxiety, autism, bleeding, soothes breasts, bruises, calcified spine, cancer, broken capillaries, diabetes, diarrhea, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, environmental stress, gallbladder stones, dry hair, hormonal balance, incisional hernia, impetigo, insomnia, jaundice, jet lag, low libido, lymphatic system, menorrhagia, mood swings, post miscarriage, mood swings, MRSA, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, pancreas support, paralysis, pelvic pain syndrome, physical stress, PMS, post labor, rheumatoid arthritis, dry/sensitive skin, gastric ulcer, varicose ulcer, vertigo, wrinkles Caution: Contact sensitivity with repeated use Index 70

71 Ginger Index Aromatic Influence: Influence physical energy, love, money, and courage. Increases determination and inspiration. Relieves nervous exhaustion. Benefits: Analgesic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, antibacterial, laxative, stimulant, tonic, warming Application: Topical neat Topical dilute 1:1 for children and sensitive skin Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Angina, catarrh, colic, congestion, club foot, diarrhea, flatulence, indigestion, loss of appetite, low libido, morning sickness, nausea, pelvic pain syndrome, poor circulation, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, scurvy, sore throat, vertigo, vomiting Caution: Contact sensitivity with repeated use Avoid direct sunlight/uv for 3-6 hours after use Use no more than 3 drops in bath and 2% in massage oils 71

72 Grapefruit Index Aromatic Influence: Balancing, uplifting, eases anxiety. Lifts self-esteem and optimism. Creates sense of euphoria. Benefits: Antidepressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, disinfectant, diuretic, immune and lymphatic stimulant, stimulant, tonic Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Drug addiction, anorexia, appetite suppressant, bulimia, cellulite, dry throat, edema, gallbladder stones, hangovers, lymphatic decongestant, mental stress, post miscarriage, obesity, overeating, performance stress, PMS, Seasonal Affective Disorder, slimming/toning, stress, withdrawal Caution: Avoid direct sunlight during use 72

73 Helichrysum Index Aromatic Influence: Uplifting, eases anger. Releases repressed emotion. Enhances meditation and allows insight. Alleviates loneliness. Benefits: Antibacterial, anti-catarrhal, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antispasmodic, antiviral, expectorant, mucolytic Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Abscess tooth, AIDS/HIV, aneurysm, bleeding, bone bruise, broken blood vessels, bruises, catarrh, cholesterol, cleansing, colitis, cuts, dermatitis/eczema, detoxification, earache, fibroids, gallbladder infection, hematoma, hemorrhaging, Herpes Simplex, incisional hernia, liver stimulant, lymphatic drainage, nose bleed, pancreas stimulant, phlebitis, psoriasis, sciatica, shock, staph infection, stroke, sunscreen, swollen eyes, impaired taste, tennis elbow, tinnitus, tissue pain, tissue repair, vertigo, viral infections, wounds 73

74 Helichrysum Index Caution: Contact sensitivity with repeated use Avoid direct sunlight/uv for up to 72 hours after use 74

75 Jasmine Index Aromatic Influence: Emotionally warming and uplifting. Aids in emotional balance. Creates sense of euphoria, optimism, and confidence. Releases fears associated with sexual inadequacy. Benefits: Analgesic, anti-catarrhal, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, sedative, tonic Application: Topical Neat Apply to reflex points and/or directly to area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage:.Acne, anxiety, dry skin, congestion, depression, dysentery, emotional imbalance, exhaustion, hepatitis, menstrual pain, muscle spasms, PMS, prostate enlargement, low libido Caution: Avoid during pregnancy 75

76 Juniper Berry Index Aromatic Influence: Clears, stimulates, and strengthen the mind. Releases negative energies. Enhances cleansing meditation. Benefits: Antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, aphrodisiac, astringent, diuretic, detox, tonic Application: Topical Dilute 1:1 Apply to reflex points and/or directly to area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Cystitis, cellulite, fluid retention, arthritis, rheumatism, gout, oily skin, acne, dermatitis, eczema, swelling, urinary tract infection Caution: Avoid during pregnancy Possible for kidney over-stimulation 76

77 Lavender Index Aromatic Influence: Promotes consciousness, health, love, peace, general sense of well-being, and creativity. Clears head, calming senses and makes them more alert. Restores harmony and balance. Enhances meditation. Benefits: Analgesic, antiallergenic, anticoagulant, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antifungal, antihistamine, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-mutagenic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, antitumor, cardiotonic, regenerative, sedative Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal 77

78 Lavender Index Usage: Abuse, acne, agitation, allergies, anxiety, appetite loss, arrhythmia, asthma, atherosclerosis, bites/stings, blisters, boils, soothes breasts, burns, calming, cancer, chicken pox, club foot, concentration, convulsions, crying, cuts, cystitis, dandruff, depression, diabetic sores, diaper rash, diuretic, dysmenorrhea, exhaustion, fever, gangrene, flatulence, giardia, gnat and midge repellent, grief, dry hair, hair loss, hay fever, inguinal hernia, Herpes Simplex, hyperactivity, impetigo, inflammation, influenza, insomnia, itching, jet lag, dry lips, mastitis, menopause, mental stress, mood swings, mosquito repellent, muscular paralysis, nausea, pain, parasympathetic nervous system stimulation, Parkinson s Disease, phlebitis, physical stress, poison ivy/oak, post labor, postpartum depression, rashes, relaxation, Rheumatoid Arthritis, sedative, seizure, dry/sensitive skin, skin ulcers, sleep stress, stretch marks, sunburn, tachycardia, teeth grinding, teething pain, tension, thrush, ticks, leg ulcers, varicose ulcer, vertigo, withdrawal, worms, wounds, wrinkles Caution: Avoid during pregnancy Avoid if you have epilepsy 78

79 Lemon Index Aromatic Influence: Increased health, healing, physical energy, purification. Creates sense of invigoration, amplification, and warming. Clears confusion, creating clarity. Creates sense of strength and positivity. Enhances mind-clearing meditation. Benefits: Anticancer, antidepressant, antiseptic, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, astringent, antispasmodic, diuretic, tonic Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal 79

80 Lemon Index Usage: Acne, air pollen, anxiety, atherosclerosis, bites/stings, blood pressure regulation, bleeding, brain injury, circulatory system, cold sores, colds, concentration, constipation, depression, slow digestion, disinfectant, dry throat, dysentery, exhaustion, fever, influenza, furniture polish, gout, oily hair, grief, grease removal, hangovers, heartburn, immune system enhancement, intestinal parasites, kidney stones, lymphatic cleansing, MRSA, nervous system enhancement, overeating, pancreatitis, postpartum depression, dull skin, stress, throat infection, tonsillitis, varicose veins, wounds, counteracts acidity and cholesterol build up in body Caution: Possible skin irritant Avoid direct sunlight/uv for up to 12 hours after use Use no more than 3 drops in bath 80

81 Lemongrass Aromatic Influence: Promotes awareness and purification. Invigorating, uplifting, and energizing. Enhances concentration and clear thoughts. Benefits: Analgesic, antibacterial, anticancer, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, deodorant, insect repellent, revitalizer, sedative, tonic, vasodilator Application: Topical neat Topical dilute 1:1 for children and sensitive skin Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Air pollution, airborne bacteria, athletes foot, carpal tunnel syndrome, cholesterol, cramping, cystitis, diuretic, edema, excessive perspiration, fleas, frozen shoulder, gastritis, Grave s Disease, Hasimoto s Disease, incisional and inguinal hernia, poor vision, lactose intolerance, lymphatic drainage, mental fatigue, muscular dystrophy, paralysis, purification, weak retina, skin tone, sprains and strains, tissue damage, urinary tract infection, varicose veins, whiplash, wounds Caution: Possible skin irritant Use no more than 3 drops in bath and 2% in massage oil Index 81

82 Marjoram Index Aromatic Influence: Calms hypersensitivity, eases stress and tension. Comforting while bringing out hidden strength and endurance. Benefits: Analgesic, antiviral, antibacterial, anaphrodisiac, antispasmodic, digestive, sedative, tonic, vasodilator Application: Topical Aromatic Internal Usage: Sinusitis, catarrh, viral infections, bacterial infection, muscle warming and cleansing, anxiety, asthma, constipation, high blood pressure, menstrual cramps, muscle spasms, migraine, pain Caution: Avoid during pregnancy 82

83 Mandarin Index Aromatic Influence: Eases nervous tension. Slows mind and allows rest while instilling strength. Allows connection to inner self. Benefits: Antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, depurative, digestive, diuretic, sedative, tonic Application: Topical Aromatic Internal Usage: Fluid retention, oily skin, stretch marks, digestive problems Caution: Avoid direct sunlight or UV light for 3-4 hours after use 83

84 Melaleuca (Tea Tree) Index Aromatic Influence: Promotes cleansing and purity. Creates sense of strength and internal warming. Invigorating and inspires confidence and hope. Strengthens internal energies. Benefits: Analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-parasitic, antiseptic, antiviral, decongestant, digestive, expectorant, immune stimulant, insecticidal, neurotonic, respiratory stimulant, stimulant, and tissue regenerative Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal 84

85 Melaleuca (Tea Tree) Index Usage: Acne, allergies, aneurysm, asthma, athlete s foot, bacterial infections, bites/stings, boils, bronchitis, Candida, canker sores, cavities, chicken pox, cleansing, cold sores, colds, coughs, cuts, cystitis, dermatitis, dry eyes, ear infection, earache, influenza, fungal infection, gum disease, hepatitis, Herpes Simplex, hives, immune system, infected wounds, infection, inflammation, influenza, jock itch, lice, mouth ulcers MRSA, mumps, nail infection, pink eye, rashes, ringworm, Rubella, scabies, shingles, shock, sore throat, staph infection, sunburn, thrush, tonsillitis, urinary tract infection, vaginal infection, varicose ulcer, viral infections, warts, wounds Caution: Contact sensitivity with repeated use Use no more than 4 drops in bath and 2% in massage oil 85

86 Melissa (Lemon Balm) Index Aromatic Influence: Calming, uplifting, and balances emotion. Used for harmonization of mind and body, and also to restore clarity. Enhances meditation. Benefits: Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidepressant, antihistamine, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antiviral, hypertensive, tonic, sedative Application: Topical Neat Apply to reflex points and/or directly to area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Allergies, anxiety, asthma, bronchitis, cough, colds, cold sores, colic, depression, dysentery, eczema, fevers, heart conditions, hypertension, indigestion, insect bites, insomnia, menstrual problems, migraine, nausea, nervous tension, palpitations, shock, infertility in women, throat, vertigo, vomiting Caution: Take care to only use therapeutic grade oil 86

87 Myrrh Index Aromatic Influence: Promotes awareness, uplifting sensation, peace, and tranquility. Considered to be one of the most spiritual of the essential oils, aiding in meditation. Helps allow those who are stuck to move on in life. Benefits: Anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antitumor, astringent, expectorant, sedative, tonic Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Anxiety, Athlete s Foot, cancer, chapped skin, congestion, dysentery, gum disease, Hashimoto s Disease, hepatitis, hyperthyroidism, infection, liver cirrhosis, menstruation, skin ulcers, stretch marks, duodenal ulcers, weeping wounds Caution: Avoid during pregnancy 87

88 Neroli (Orange Blossom) Index Aromatic Influence: Boosts confidence and self-esteem. Relieves mental or emotional stress and anxiety. Gentle aphrodisiac. Calms the easily agitated, emotionally unstable, and insecure. Grounds in present moment. Enhances spiritual healing in meditation. Benefits: Antibacterial, antidepressant, anti-parasitic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, aphrodisiac, deodorant, sedative, tonic Application: Topical Dilute 1:1 Apply to reflex points and/or directly to area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Anxiety, bacterial infection, circulation, depression, diarrhea, flatulence, headaches, hysteria, insomnia, menstrual cramps, dyspepsia, palpitations, PMS, scars, shock, skin vitality, wrinkles 88

89 Oregano Index Aromatic Influence: Strengthens feeling of security. Benefits: Antibacterial, antifungal, anti-parasitic, respiratory antiseptic, antiviral, immune stimulant Application: Topical dilute 1:3 Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Athlete s foot, calluses, Candida, canker sores, carpal tunnel syndrome, ebola virus, fungal infections, immune system stimulant, inflammation, intestinal parasites, MRSA, muscle aches, nasal polyp, parasites, plague, pneumonia, ringworm, staph infection, vaginal candida, viral infections, body warming, warts, whooping cough Caution: Possible skin irritant 89

90 Orange Index Aromatic Influence: Calming and uplifting to mind and body. Relieves fear of the unknown and self-doubt. Helps create optimism, opening blocked channels. Benefits: Anticancer, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, digestive, sedative, tonic Application: Topical neat Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Anxiety, colds, constipation, cramps, diarrhea, flatulence, slow digestion, fear, heart palpitations, influenza, insomnia, menopause, nervousness, uplifting, withdrawal Caution: Avoid direct sunlight for up to 12 hours after use 90

91 Palo Santo Index Aromatic Influence: Physically grounding and calming. Releases negative emotion. Enhances feeling of connection and focus during meditation. Benefits: Anti-infectious, anti-tumor, antiviral, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, immune stimulant, sedative Application: Topical Dilute 1:1 Apply to reflex points and/or directly on area of concern Aromatic Usage: Cancer, infection, rheumatism, immune stimulant, muscle pain, nervous system, viruses, inflammation, stress Caution: Possible skin irritant 91

92 Patchouli Index Aromatic Influence: Sedating, calming, and relaxing. Reduces anxiety. May influence sex, physical energy, and money. Aphrodisiac. Alleviates lethargy, confusion, and depression. Aids in grounding the over-intelligent. Enhances meditation though slowing thoughts and aiding in centering. Benefits: Antidepressant, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antitoxic, astringent, decongestant, deodorant, diuretic, fungicide, insecticidal, digestive stimulant, sedative, tonic Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Acne, dermatitis, diuretic, dandruff, eczema, fever, mosquito repellent, skin regeneration, sores, termite repellent Caution: Take care to only use therapeutic grade oil 92

93 Peppermint Index Aromatic Influence: Purifying and stimulating to conscious mind. May aid memory, concentration, and mental performance. Helps to increase low self-esteem and combat insecurity. Aids in meditation to increase intuition. Benefits: Analgesic, antibacterial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, astringent, expectorant, stimulant Application: Topical neat Topical dilute 1:1 for children and sensitive skin Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal 93

94 Peppermint Index Usage: Alertness, antioxidant, asthma, autism, bacterial infection, Bell s Palsy, brain injury, chronic fatigue, cold sores, colon polyps, congestion, constipation, body cooling, cramps, Crohn s Disease, diarrhea, dysmenorrhea, endurance, fainting, fever, influenza, gamma radiation exposure, gastritis, Halitosis, headaches, heartburn, heatstroke, hiatal hernia, Herpes Simplex, hives, hot flashes, Huntington s Disease, hypothyroidism, indigestion, irritable bowel syndrome, itching, jet lag, lactation, memory, menstrual pain, migraines, motion sickness, MRSA, multiple sclerosis, muscle aches, muscle fatigue, myelin sheath, nausea, olfactory loss, osteoporosis, paralysis, rhinitis, scabies, sciatica, shock, sinusitis, surgical wounds, swollen eyes, tennis elbow, throat infection, typhoid, gastric ulcer, varicose veins, vomiting Caution: Contact sensitivity with repeated use Caution for those with high blood pressure Caution during pregnancy Avoid use in small children and infants 94

95 Pine Index Aromatic Influence: Uplifting, calms nervous exhaustion and fatigue. Warming and cleansing. Helps increase confidence and allows acceptance and forgiveness. Benefits: Germicide, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-neuralgic, antiseptic, antiviral, balsamic, deodorant, diuretic, expectorant, insecticide, tonic Application: Topical Aromatic Usage: Poor circulation, bronchitis, catarrh, asthma, sinusitis, airborne germicide, fatigue, exhaustion, cystitis, urinary tract infection Caution: Do not use if you have sensitive skin Use in small amounts 95

96 Roman Chamomile Aromatic Influence: Calming and relaxing, helps ease depression, insomnia, and stress. Diffuses emotional charge of anxiety, irritability, and nervousness. Soothes and clears minds, creates peace and patience. Benefits: Analgesic, antiseptic, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, antispasmodic, digestive, sedative Application: Topical neat Topical dilute 1:1 for children and sensitive skin Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Acne, allergic conditions, arthritis, bee/hornet stings, calming, club foot, dull pains, dysentery, eczema, head aches, hyperactivity, insomnia, menopause, menstrual pain, mood swings, muscle spasms, neuralgia, neuritis, nerve pain, parasites, rashes, sciatica, shock, dry skin, sore nipples Caution: Possible skin irritant Avoid during pregnancy Index 96

97 Rose Index Aromatic Influence: Stimulates and elevates mind. Creates sense of well-being. Alleviates negative emotion, allowing hope and love. Allows closure at the after the end of a relationship. Aphrodisiac. Benefits: Antidepressant, anti-hemorrhagic, anti-infectious, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, sedative, tonic Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Anxiety, aphrodisiac, dry skin, poison ivy/oak, menstrual problems, PMS, scar prevention Caution: Caution during pregnancy 97

98 Rosemary Aromatic Influence: Memory stimulant. Purifying and protecting. Opens conscious mind and allows inner vision. Strengthens mind and increases creativity. Benefits: Analgesic, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-catarrhal, antifungal, anti-infectious, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, antioxidant, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant, tonic Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Addiction, adenitis, antioxidant, arterial vasodilator, arthritis, Bell s Palsy, cancer, cellulite, chemical stress, cholera, club foot, constipation, detoxification, diabetes, diuretic, fainting, fatigue, influenza, oily hair, hair loss, headaches, inflammation, kidney infection, lice, low blood pressure, memory, Muscular Dystrophy, osteoarthritis, Schmidt s Syndrome, sinusitis, vaginal infection, vaginitis, viral hepatitis, worms Caution: Avoid during pregnancy Avoid if you have epilepsy Avoid if you have high blood pressure Index 98

99 Sandalwood Index Aromatic Influence: Calms, harmonizes, and balances emotions. Meditation enhancement allowing a quiet mind and increased spiritual potential. Eases depression, stress, irritation, and fear. Aphrodisiac. Benefits: Antidepressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antitumor, aphrodisiac, astringent, expectorant, sedative, tonic Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points of feet and/or area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Acne, Alzheimer s Disease, aphrodisiac, back pain, bronchitis, cancer, cartilage repair, coma, confusion, exhaustion, fear, dry hair, hiccups, immune support, laryngitis, Lou Gehrig s Disease, meditation, moles, Multiple Sclerosis, rashes, dry skin, ultraviolet radiation, urinary tract infection, vertigo, yoga Caution: Take care to use only therapeutic grade oils 99

100 Thyme Aromatic Influence: Energizing in physical weakness and stress. Aids concentration. Uplifting and aids depression. Increases emotional, physical, and spiritual strength. Benefits: Antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antiseptic, antispasmodic, digestive, expectorant, stimulant, tonic Application: Topical dilute 1:4 Apply to reflex points and/or area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Acne, antioxidant, anxiety, appetite regulation, asthma, bacterial infection, bites/stings, blood clots, bronchitis, circulatory disorders, chronic fatigue, colds, croup, depression, eczema, fatigue, fungal infection, hypertension, oily/fragile hair, hair loss, mold, MRSA, parasites, pleurisy, pneumonia, prostatitis, psoriasis, radiation wounds, slow digestion, sciatica, stiff joints, tuberculosis Caution: Avoid during pregnancy Caution if you have high blood pressure Possible irritant Index 100

101 Vetiver Index Aromatic Influence: Stress relief, relief from emotional trauma and shock. Natural tranquilizer, induces restful sleep. Affects parathyroid gland. Decreases oversensitivity. Enhances meditation increasing wisdom and insight. Increases feeling of being connected. Benefits: Antiseptic, antispasmodic, immune stimulant, rubefacient, sedative circulatory stimulant, tonic Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and/or area of concern Mixed in bath or lotion blends Aromatic Internal Usage: ADD/ADHD, acne, balance, diabetes, immune enhancement, irregular/absent periods, menopause, moth repellent, skin tone, skin infection, termite repellent, vertigo Caution: Caution during pregnancy 101

102 White Fir Index Aromatic Influence: Creates feeling of grounding and empowerment. Physical relaxant. Mental stimulant. Benefits: Analgesic, anti-arthritic, anti-catarrhal, pulmonary antiseptic, expectorant, stimulant Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and/or area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Bronchitis, bursitis, cartilage inflammation, energizing, frozen shoulder, furniture polish, muscle fatigue/pain, sprains. Caution: Possible skin irritant 102

103 Ylang-Ylang Index Aromatic Influence: Influences sexual energy. Enhances relationships. Helps stimulate adrenal glands. Creates sense of euphoria, calming, and relaxation. Alleviates anger. Aids in selfexpression and releasing repressed inner feelings. Benefits: Antidepressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, sedative, tonic Application: Topical-neat Apply to reflex points and/or area of concern Aromatic Internal Usage: Anxiety, aphrodisiac, arrhythmia, calming, colic, crying, diabetes, depression, exhaustion, fear, hair loss, high blood pressure, hormonal balance, hyperpnoea, impotence, irritability, low libido, oily skin, palpitations, PMS, relaxation, sedative, stress, tachycardia, tension Caution: Contact sensitivity with repeated use 103

104 Cooking Recipes C 104

105 Cooking Recipes Recipes Baked Chicken 4 Chicken Breasts 2 drops Rosemary Oil 2 drops Sage Oil 2 drops Lemon Oil 4 tbsp Olive Oil Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Bake chicken for 25 minutes. Add oils into mixing bowl stir. Brush the cooked chicken with the mixture, cover the chicken and place it back on the heat for minutes. Allow the oils to penetrate the chicken for a full-bodied flavor. 105

106 Cooking Recipes Recipes Butternut Soup 2 Tbsp. olive oil 2 onions, chopped 2 cloves garlic, chopped Salt Pepper 2 lbs butternut squash, peeled and cubed 4 cups vegetable broth 2 drops clove oil 3 drops nutmeg oil 1 drop cinnamon oil In a soup pan over medium heat, sauté onions, garlic, salt, and pepper in olive oil until tender. Add cubed squash and cook for 3-5 minutes. Add broth and bring to a boil over medium high heat. Continue to boil for 25 minutes or until squash is fork tender. Remove from heat. Puree until smooth and stir in oils. Allowing oils to infuse the soup for 10 minutes and then serve. 106

107 Cooking Recipes Recipes Lavender Roasted Potatoes 3 red potatoes 5 carrots 1/2 cup whole garlic cloves 1 large white onion, sliced or 2 cups of pearl onions, whole 2 cups zucchini, cut in 1/2 inch slices 3 Tbs. olive oil sea salt to taste 1 drop of lavender essential oil Pinch of lavender buds Preheat oven to 400 degrees. Coat potatoes, carrots, onions, and garlic with olive and lavender oil. Sprinkle lavender buds and sea salt over vegetables. Roast 25 minutes. Add zucchini and bake an additional 15 minutes. 107

108 Cooking Recipes Recipes Salad Dressing ½ cup lemon juice 1 tsp minced garlic 2 tbsp reduced-salt soy sauce or Braggs ½ tsp dried basil ½ tsp oregano ½ tsp thyme 1 drop dill essential oil 1 drop sage essential oil Mix all ingredients together. Store in glass container. (If dressing is too potent, dilute with olive oil) 108

109 Cooking Recipes Recipes Spinach Frittata 2 tbsp olive oil 1 drop basil oil essential oil 1 drop oregano oil essential oil 1 bunch green onions, chopped 2 cloves garlic, chopped 10 ounces spinach 6 eggs Pinch salt Pinch pepper 1/3 cup plain yogurt 4 ounces feta cheese, crumbled In a sauté pan mix olive, basil, and oregano oils. Add green onions and garlic, and sauté on medium heat until tender. Add spinach in small bunches until wilted and heated through. Set aside. Whisk eggs, salt, and pepper together. Add yogurt to egg mixture and mix thoroughly. Place drained spinach mixture in a nonstick cake or pie pan. Pour egg mixture over spinach and gently mix. Add feta and bake in a 350 degree oven for 20 minutes, until firm. 109

110 Cooking Recipes Recipes Warming Hot Chocolate 1 cup of milk (any type) 1 tbsp raw cacao powder 1 drop cinnamon essential oil 1 drop clove essential oil 2 drops orange essential oil Honey or agave to taste Pinch of cayenne pepper Warm milk and cacao in a pan, then add honey and essential oils and the pinch of cayenne. 110

111 Regulations Teamwork Regulations & Licensing Information Aromatherapy is currently an unregulated and unlicensed field both for the practice of aromatherapy as well as the manufacture of aromatherapy products. As a whole the industry seeks to comply with current safety and standards of practice and to stay informed about potential impending regulations with regards to manufacturing aromatherapy based products. NAHA is devoted to bringing you up to date information on any impending legislation. With regards to licensing: aromatherapy is an unlicensed profession in the United States. Many aromatherapy practitioners hold a license in another occupation, e.g. nursing, massage therapy, esthetics, naturopathy, acupuncture, etc. Because licensing tends to be profession driven rather then government driven (although this too may happen, e.g. licensing of reflexologists in the state of WA), it is highly unlikely that we will see a license for aromatherapy anytime soon. "National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy." Regulations. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug

112 Resources Teamwork Works Cited "Aromatic Blending of Essential Oils." Aromatic Blending of Essential Oils. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug < "Aromamedical.org." Aromamedical.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug < "Aromatherapy Recipes Using Essential Oils." Free Aromatherapy Recipes. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug < Aroma Tools. Modern Essentials: A Contemporary Guide To The Therapeutic Use Of Essential Oils. 4th ed. Orem: Aroma Tools, Print. "Common Carrier Oils Used in Skin Care." Common Carrier Oils Used in Skin Care. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug < "Cooking with Therapeutic Essential Oils." Cooking with Therapeutic Essential Oils. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug < "Essential Oils, Everything You Want and Need to Know." Essential Oils, Everything You Want and Need to Know. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug < "Essential Oil Safety." Essential Oil Safety. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug < Farrer-Halls, Gill. The Aromatherapy Bible: The Definitive Guide to Using Essential Oils. New York: Sterling Pub., Print. "IHerb Library - Aromatherapy for Everyone." IHerb Library - Aromatherapy for Everyone. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug < Halpern, Georges M., and Peter Weverka. The Healing Trail: Essential Oils of Madagascar. North Bergen, NJ: Basic Health Publications, Print. "Mixing Essential Oils Correctly Is an Art and a Science." Mixing Essential Oils Correctly Is an Art and a Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug < "National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy." Regulations. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug < "Nourishing Treasures." Nourishing Treasures. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug < "Pure Essential Oils - Organic & Therapeutic Grade." Pure Essential Oils - Organic & Therapeutic Grade. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug < Schnaubelt, Kurt. Advanced Aromatherapy: The Science of Essential Oil Therapy. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts, Print. Sibley, Veronica. Aromatherapy Solutions: Essential Oils to Lift the Mind, Body and Spirit. London: Hamlyn, Print. "Toxic and Phototoxic Essential Oils." About.com Candle & Soap Making. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug < 112

113 was founded by Cathy Sykora to help many people find health and wellness through lifestyle changes. She works toward disease prevention to replace the need for diagnosis and treatment. The Health Coach Group makes up a new layer in health care that will bring many who need it to a better quality of life. The program materials have been adapted from materials provided by The Institute for Integrative Nutrition. 113