Long distance natural dispersal of insects into Australia: risk maps and the comparison of different passive / interception traps

Transcription

1 Long distance natural dispersal of insects into Australia: risk maps and the comparison of different passive / interception traps PBCRC#1031: Understanding the significance of natural pathways for pest entry into Aust and NZ PBCRC#2153: Enhanced surveillance strategies in horticultural industries based on knowledge of natural dispersal pathways Kyla Finlay, John Weiss, Paul Cunningham, Isabel Valenzuela, Mark Blacket & Alan Yen (DEDJTR, AgVic Research), Alison Saunders (PHA), Alan Wain (BOM), James Walker (NAQS), Les Zeller (USQ)

2 Pilot Study PBCRC#1031 Long distance natural dispersal definition - trans-oceanic wind dispersal of pests encompassing both normal wind trajectories and severe weather events Natural dispersal of exotic pests and pathogens into Australia is a very real and underestimated biosecurity risk 5 natural dispersal pathways into Australia Highest risk is from The North during the wet season

3 Main objective of current work PBCRC#2153 To develop improved biosecurity surveillance strategies for pests threats to Australia along long distance natural dispersal pathways.

4 Risk Risk maps maps Stakeholder and end user needs eg NAQS Animal health area risk ratings - based on human activity, migrating wildlife etc but not wind dispersal Murray et al. (2012) Environment International 48: 56 64

5 Wind trajectory analyses Collaboration with BOM (Alan Wain) Wind pattern movements both side of the equator Daily forward trajectories from one point Each colour is one Jan day for each year

6 Wind trajectory analyses Monthly % of winds from Indonesia that crossed the Aust mainland May to Dec Feb, Dec Jan

7 10 year wind trajectory dispersion analysis daily trajectories for Dec to May km grid from Java to PNG Percentage of winds crossing the Aust coastline Dec May % % 10-20% 5-10 <5%

8 10 year wind trajectory dispersion analysis Backward trajectories from hot spots Banda Sea Is. Irian Jaya Java Lesser Sunda Is Timor / Timor Leste PNG

9 10 year wind trajectory dispersion analysis Backward trajectories from CYP (Qld), Arnhem Land (NT) and Ord River Irrigation Area (WA) Daily backward wind trajectories 1 st week Jan 2008

10 Review of wind trajectories NZ to Aust Forward trajectories from Canterbury NZ Jan 2004 blocking weather pattern over SE Aust, coincided with arrival of Currant lettuce aphid in Tasmania Nasonovia ribisnigri Currant lettuce aphid Data courtesy Lionel Hill

11 Case Study Citrus Industry Citrus growing locations in Aust

12 HPP of Citrus on natural dispersal pathways DIPTERA Bactrocera carambolae Bactrocera dorsalis Bactrocera trivialis HEMIPTERA Diaphorina citri Homolodisca vitripennis LEPIDOPTERA Citripestris sagittiferella BACTERIA Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus Spiroplasma citri Xanthomonas citri subsp citri VIRUSES Citrus exocortis viroid Carambola fruit fly Oriental fruit fly New Guinea fruit fly Asiatic citrus psyllid Glassy winged sharpshooter Citrus fruit borer Huanglongbing Citrus stubborn disease Citrus canker Exocortis

13 All exotic pests of Citrus on natural dispersal pathways ACARI Eutetranychus africanus Eutetranychus banksi COLEOPTERA Hypomeces squamosus DIPTERA Bactrocera carambolae Bactrocera curcurbitae Bactrocera curvipennis Bactrocera dorsalis Bactrocera facialis Bactrocera kirki Bactrocera latifrons Bactrocera melanotus Bactrocera passiflorae Bactrocera psidii Bactrocera trivialis Bactrocera xanthodes HEMIPTERA Aleurocanthus woglumi Amblypelta cocophaga Ceroplastes cirripediformis Coccus celatus Diaphorina citri Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Dysmicoccus nesophilus Homolodisca vitripennis Kilifia acuminate Maculicoccus malaitensis Eutetranychus africanus Planococcus lilacinus Rastrococcus invadens Citrus brown mite Texas citrus mite Citrus fruit borer Carambola fruit fly Melon fruit fly Fruit fly Oriental fruit fly Tongan fruit fly Fruit fly Solanum fruit fly Asian papaya fruit fly Fijian fruit fly South sea guava fruit fly New Guinea fruit fly Pacific fruit fly Citrus black fly Coconut bug Barnacle scale Coffee green scale Asiatic citrus psyllid Grey pineapple mealybug Mealybug Glassy winged sharpshooter Mango shield scale Scale Citrus brown mite Cocao mealybug Mango mealybug Rastrococcus spinosus Unaspis yanonensis HYMENOPTERA Bruchophagus mali LEPIDOPTERA Citripestris sagittiferella Cryptoblabes gnidiella Parasa lepida Prays citri Setora nitens Zeuzera coffaea BACTERIA Burkholderia andropogonis Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus Spiroplasma citri Xanthomonas citri subsp citri FUNGI Elsinoë australis Elsinoë fawcettii Oidium citri Oidium tingitaninum PHYTOPLASMAS Elsinoë australis Ca. Phytoplasma asteris VIRUSES Citrus triteza virus Citrus exocortis viroid Philippine mango mealybug Arrowhead scale Gall wasp Citrus fruit borer Rind boring orange moth Blue striped nettle grub Citrus flower moth Nettle grub Red coffee borer Brown leaf spot Huanglongbing Citrus stubborn disease Citrus canker Citrus scab Citrus scab Powdery mildew Powdery mildew Citrus scab yellow disease phtyoplasmas exotic strains Exocortis RED = High Priority Pests

14 Distribution of exotic citrus pests to the North Acari mites Coleoptera beetles Diptera - true flies Hemiptera - bugs Hymenoptera wasps Lepidoptera - moths Bacteria Fungi Phytoplasma Viruses?? closed circles are exotic HPP x other exotic citrus pests

15 Distribution of exotic citrus pests to the North Acari mites Coleoptera beetles Diptera - true flies Hemiptera - bugs Hymenoptera wasps Lepidoptera - moths Bacteria Fungi Phytoplasma Viruses?? closed circles are exotic HPP x other exotic citrus pests

16 Distribution of exotic citrus pests to the North Acari mites Coleoptera beetles Diptera - true flies Hemiptera - bugs Hymenoptera wasps Lepidoptera - moths Bacteria Fungi Phytoplasma Viruses?? closed circles are exotic HPP x other exotic citrus pests

17 Distribution of exotic citrus pests to the North Acari mites Coleoptera beetles Diptera - true flies Hemiptera - bugs Hymenoptera wasps Lepidoptera - moths Bacteria Fungi Phytoplasma Viruses? X Melon Fruit Fly Asiatic Citrus Psyllid Huanglongbing? Melon Fruit Fly Bactrocera cucurbitae Distribution: Christmas Island, Java, Lesser Sunda Is., Timor, Timor Leste, Irian Jaya, PNG Entry Potential HIGH closed circles are exotic HPP, x other exotic citrus pests Overall risk MED

18 Australia s native Citrus as alternate hosts Finlay et al (2009) Biodiversity Special Issue: Invasive Alien Species, 10 (2&3):

19 New passive traps for insect surveillance Macquarie Is. Trap In situ* Modified Macquarie Design by Les Zeller Univ of Southern Queensland, PBCRC Zellot trap Designed by Les Zeller *Farrow and Greenslade (2013) Antarctic Science 25(5):

20 Comparison of passive trap types Darwin study site - Coastal Plains Research Centre

21 Rainfall Wind Humidity Temp Comparison of passive trap types Darwin Total (4wks) cumulative abundance by order Yellow sticky Blue Sticky Combi Macquarie Is Zellot

22 Comparison of passive trap types Cairns Gippsland Victoria Yellow sticky Blue sticky Combi Macquarie Zellot Yellow sticky Blue sticky Combi Macquarie Zellot

23 Comparison of passive trap types Sticky traps cheap, time consuming but... Combi collects everything, susceptible to rainfall.. Macquarie and Zellot as good as other traps except for thrips?..

24 Metabarcoding Sub project led by Mark Blacket (AgVic Research) Bulk trap samples Identifying a target (or multiple) pest species in a DNA soup

25 In conclusion Objective: To develop improved biosecurity surveillance strategies for pests threats to Australian along long distance natural dispersal pathways What, Where, When and How of Natural Dispersal What - Identified wind dispersal pathways and pests Where/When - Wind trajectory analyses, risk maps How - New passive trap design, molecular diagnostic techniques for bulk catches of samples

26 Acknowledgements PBCRC#1031: Pilot study - Understanding the significance of natural dispersal pathways for pest entry into Australia and New Zealand PBCRC#2153: Enhanced surveillance strategies in horticultural industries based on knowledge of natural dispersal pathways Alan Nankivell (PBCRC) Trevor Dunmall (PHA) Horticultural Innovation Fund (DEDJTR) Daniel Lai, Rebecca Van der Geer (DEDJTR, AgVic Research) Lionel Hill (DPIWE Tas) Karen Donnan, Jeanette Kruger (NAQS, Cairns) Nadar Sallam (DAWR) Brian Thistleton, Michael Neal, Haidee Brown (DPIR, NT) Ann Ramsay (Potato Processing Association of Australia) Callum Fletcher (AUSVEG) In memory Alan Yen (AgVic Research)