UPDATE: Ethnic Testosterone Differentials

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1 UPDATE: Ethnic Testosterone Differentials Country (ethnicity), n Total t [pg/ml] Source [comment] Egypt (Egyptian), (2835) Ghazi et al. (2012) Iraq (Arab), (2100) Al Chalabi & Al Waeli (2010) Iran (Iranian), (2140) Safarinejad et al. (2011) Iran (Iranian), (2160) Afkhami Ardekani et al. (2010) Iran (Iranian), (300) Venezuela (Venezuelan), (2157) Szemat et al. (2003) Turkey (Turk), (1546) Mustafa et al. (2011) Turkey (Turk), (1706) Turkey (Turk), (n/a) Haliloglu et al. (2013) Nigeria (Nigerian), (2107) Okeoghene et al. (2011) Nigeria (Nigerian), (2800) Usoro et al. (2005) Nigeria (Nigerian), (20) Emokpae et al. (2007) Nigeria (Nigerian), (240) Egwurugwu et al. (2011) Australia (Aussie), (n/a) Yeap et al. (2008) Australia (Aussie), 914 Belgium (Belgian), 40 Belgium (Belgian), 61 Belgium (Belgian), (n/a) 5764 (n/a) 5048 (n/a) 4598 (n/a) Van den Saffele et al. (1999) Spain (Spaniard), (2044) Martinez-Jabaloyas (2006) [ED] Spain (Spaniard), (n/a) Morote et al. (2009) Finland (Finn), (1299) Huovinen et al. (2009) Greece (Greek), (350) Kukuvitis et al. (2002) Germany (German), (n/a) Volzke et al. (2010) Netherlands (Dutch), 1450) 4272 (1616) Giltay et al. (2012) Italy (Italian), (202) Lanfranco et al. (2004) Italy (Italian), (1000) Condorelli, Calogero & La Vignera (2013) Taiwan (Chinese), (1076) Liu et al. (2012) Taiwan (Chinese), (n/a) Jiann et al (2011) Taiwan (Chinese), (n/a) Lin et al (2006) Japan (Japanese), (n/a) Fujii et al. (2007) South Korea (Korean), (1719) Kang et al. (2013) South Korea (Korean), (n/a) Hong et al. (2009) *ED erectile dysfunction

2 ETHNIC GROUP n t OLD nt nt Rank n t NEW nt nt Rank pg/ml pg/ml African Outside Africa Indigenous Middle Eastern Arab Egyptian Turk East Asian Chinese Japanese Korean Malay Thai European North America Australasia Europe Latin America Indo-Aryan Indian Iranian American Latin American From the updated results, if one considers only the so-called macro races, compared to European males, African and East Asian males have about 11% more testosterone on average. This is the result of some 199 peer-reviewed articles.

3 REFERENCES Al Chalabi, S., and A. Al Waeli The Relationship Between Serum Testosterone Level, Lipid Profile And Blood Pressure In Infertile Men. Tikrit Medical Journal 16(2): Afkhami Ardekani, M., Borgian, L. Mohiti-Ardekani, J., et al The Evaluation of Serum Level of Testosterone and Sex Hormone- Binding Globulin in Men with Type 2 Diabetes. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity 2(1): Condorelli, R., Calogero, A., and S. La Vignera Relationship between Testicular Volume and Conventional or Nonconventional Sperm Parameters. International Journal of Endocrinology ID , 6p. Egwurugwu, A., Nwafor, A., Chike, C., et al The relationship between body mass index, semen and sex hormones in adult male. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences 26(1): Emokpae, M., Uadia, P., Omale-Itodo, A., and T. Orok Male infertility and endocrinopathies in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine 6(2): Fujii, Y., Yonese, J., Kawakami, S., Equivalent and sufficient effects of leuprolide acetate and goserelin acetate to suppress serum testosterone levels in patients with prostate cancer. BJU International 101: Ghazi, S., Zohdy, W., ElKhiat, Y., and R. Shamloul Serum testosterone levels in diabetic men with and without erectile dysfunction. Andrologia 44(6): Giltay, E., Geleijnse, J., Heijboer, A., et al No effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on serum total testosterone levels in older men: the Alpha Omega Trial. International Journal of Andrology 35: Haliloglu, A., Gökçe, I., Özcan, C., et al Serum testosterone levels, testis volume, and the risk of prostate cancer: are these factors related? Turkish Journal of Urology 39(1): Hong, S., Min, G., Ha, S., et al Effect of the dual 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, dutasteride, on serum testosterone and body mass index in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU International 105: Huovinen, J, Tulppo, M., Nissila, J., et al Relationship between heart rate variability and the serum testosterone-to-cortisol ratio during military service. European Journal of Sport Science 9(5):

4 Jiann, B-P., Hseih, J-T., Liu, S-P., et al Associations of endogenous testosterone and lipid profiles in middle-aged to older Taiwanese men. International Journal of Impotence Research 23: Kang, S., Park, H., and N. Park Serum Total Testosterone Level and Identification of Late-Onset Hypogonadism: A Community-Based Study. Korean Journal of Urology 54: Kukuvitis, A., Georgiou, I., Bouba, I., et al Association of oestrogen receptor alpha polymorphisms and androgen receptor CAG trinucleotide repeats with male infertility: a study in 109 Greek infertile men. International Journal of Andrology 25: Lanfranco, F., Zitzmann, M., Simoni, M., and E. Nieschlag Serum adiponectin levels in hypogonadal males: influence of testosterone replacement therapy. Clinical Endocrinology 60: Lin, Y., Hwang, T., Chiang, H., et al Correlations of androgen deficiency with clinical symptoms in Taiwanese males. International Journal of Impotence Research 18: Liu, C-C., Lee, Y-C., Wang, C-J., et al The Impact of Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Polymorphism on Andropausal Symptoms in Different Serum Testosterone Levels. Journal of Sexual Medicine 9(9): Martinez-Jabaloyas, J., Queipo-Zaragoza, A., Pastor-Hernandez, P, et al Testosterone levels in men with erectile dysfunction. BJU International 97: Morote, J., Ramirez, C., Gomez, E., et al The relationship between total and free serum testosterone and the risk of prostate cancer and tumour aggressiveness. BJU International 107: Mustafa, M., Çelik, M., Horsanli, O., et al Relationship between serum PSA and testosterone levels in two different geographic regions of Turkey. Turk Üroloji Dergisi 37(1): Okeoghene, O., Sonny, C., Olufemi, F., and A. Wale Hypogonadism and Subnormal Total Testosterone Levels in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 21(9): Safarinejad, M., Shafiei, N., and S. Safarinejad Evaluating the role of the FSH receptor gene Thr307-Ala and Asn 680-Ser polymorphisms in male infertility and their association with semen quality and reproductive hormones. BJU International 108(2-2): E117-E125. Szemat, R., et al Hypogonadism in male osteoporosis within the Venezuelan population. Incidence International Journal of Impotence Research 15, Suppl 3, S4. [

5 Usoro, C., Agukpaha, I., and A. Nsonwu Testosterone Levels in Hypertensive Nigerian Men. Türk Biyokimya Dergisi 30 (4): Van den Saffele, J., Goemaere, S., Bacquer, D., and J. Kaufman Serum leptin levels in healthy ageing men: are decreased serum testosterone and increased adiposity in elderly men the consequence of leptin deficiency? Clinical Endocrinology 51(1): Yeap, B., Almeida, O., Hyde, Z., et al Higher serum free testosterone is associated with better cognitive function in older men, while total testosterone is not. The Health In Men Study. Clinical Endocrinology 68: Volzke, H., Aumann, N., Krebs, A., et al Hepatic steatosis is associated with low serum testosterone and high serum DHEAS levels in men. International Journal of Andrology 33:

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