Shin-Etsu products: technical aspects Mating disruption control strategy in Italy

Transcription

1 Shin-Etsu products: technical aspects Mating disruption control strategy in Italy Czech Republic, December 2016

2 Mating Disruption definiton The two principal means by which mating disruption is achieved are: A) competitive attraction where males are diverted from orienting to females due to competing attraction of nearby false trails emanating from pheromone dispensers, or B) non-competitive means where exposure to synthetic pheromone negates the male s ability to respond to pheromone or by camouflaging the location of a pheromone-emitting female SINGLE MOTH LOOKING FOR LOVE

3 Why Mating Disruption? MD reduce the number of mating so the total number of laid eggs and larvae is reduced. MD leads to a reduction of insecticide sprays so the possibility of resistance development is consequently reduced

4 Mating Disruption Technical aspects FOR STABLE EFFICACY MD REQUIRES: To have good and reliable dispenser system To maintain the necessary pheromone concentration in field To apply the dispensers at the correct timing To have an effective utilization of natural enemies and not to use strong chemicals To have good extension service support

5 Mating Disruption Key elements PHEROMONE DISPENSER FIELD CONDITIONS MANUFACTURE R SPECIFIC FARM CONDITIONS To adapt the technique to each condition of the FARM in order to guarantee the correct concentration of pheromone into the field!!! THE ROLE OF FIELD TECHNICIANS IS FUNDAMENTAL!!!

6 Mating Disruption Key elements PHEROMONE DISPENSER FIELD CONDITION

7 Why Shin-Etsu products? High reliability of the release of dispenser Constant release, with variability due to average temperature and wind

8 Shin-Etsu dispenser technology and accuracy Dispenser shape CAPILLARY keep wet constantly the evaporation surface for the whole period, less affected by wind due to slim shape Building process EXTRUSION highest accuracy and precision to adjust the wall thickness, assurance of constant filling of the inner tube Plastic materials POLYMERS different depending on the chemical and physical characteristic of the volatile compounds to achieve best release performances Additives for compounds PROTECTION UV filters, antioxidants, anti-moulds

9 Shin-Etsu dispenser technology and accuracy A I R A I R EVAPORATION SPEED = PERMEATION SPEED = EVAPORATION SPEED NEWLY MADE DISPENSER DISPENSER AFTER FEW DAYS ENLARGED PHEROMONE Below 10 C and 0,1 m/sec release rate is 1-2% per year ENLARGED

10 Shin-Etsu dispenser technology and accuracy

11 Mating Disruption Key elements PHEROMONE DISPENSER FIELD CONDITIONS

12 Mating Disruption Pheromone filed concentration A) PHEROMONE INPUT TO FIELD 1. DISPENSER SYSTEM ) PHEROMONE CONCENTRATION LOSS IN FIELD 1. WIND (ESPECIALLY IF CONSTANT AND RECCURENT) 2. EVAPORATION CONVECTION FLOWS (SEASONAL, INCREASE IN SUMMER) 3. PLOT SHAPE AND SIZE (SURROUNDING AREA) 4. PLOT LOCATION (SLOPES, BASINS, HILLS) 5. TREES HEIGHT AND VEGETATION (CARE IF >3,5 m, UNEVENESS, FAILING) 6. SOIL AND VEGETATION ABSORPTION (PHEROMONE STRUCTURE) 7. DECOMPOSITION, BACTERIA, FUNGI (PHEROMONE STRUCTURE) 8. SPECIFIC LOCAL CONDITIONS (TRAFFIC ROADS, RIVERS, HOUSES...) A B = NANOGRAMS m 3 A = INPUT (0,1-1,5 g/ha/day) B = LOSS

13 Mating Disruption Size and surface extension PHEROMONE CONCENTRATION IN THE FIELD Pheromone-treated plot 8m Plot without pheromone hedge Pheromone concentration (ng/m 3 )

14 Mating Disruption Wind effect Wind velocity (m/sec) Release rate (mg/hr/ha) Pheromone concentration (ng/m 3 ) A. Windy area 2, ,2 B. Calm area ,5 In windy area the pheromone release rate is higher but field concentration is lower In calm area the pheromone release rate is lower but the field concentration is higher

15 Mating Disruption Temperature effect Season Release rate (g/ha/day) Concentration (ng/m 3 ) Summer (30 C) 4,3 20 Spring (10 C) 1,9 19 Higher pheromone release but concentration in field basically the same

16 About Italy N Pome fruit area Organic ha ha MD covered W E Zoom ha S

17 host plants Cydia pomonella apple, pear, walnut but sometimes even on: quince, sorb, apricot, plum, peach, kaki, almond, pomegranate, hawthorn, cherry, orange, chestnut and melon.

18 ShinEtsu dispensers on pome fruit Isomate C plus Isomate C/OFM Isomate C LR 1.000d/ha Isonet Z 300 d/ha Isomate C TT 500 d/ha Isomate OFM rosso d/ha Isomate CM MISTER 2 d/ha

19 High population orchard 5ha 1000 d/ha V. Jones & M. Doerr, WSU

20 High population orchard 5ha 500 d/ha V. Jones & M. Doerr, WSU

21 Low population orchard 5ha 500 d/ha V. Jones & M. Doerr, WSU

22 Courtesy: Don Thomson, PBC Codling moth like it warm!

23 Courtesy: Don Thomson, PBC Eggs Laid / Age of Female

24 Courtesy: Don Thomson, PBC Number viable eggs / Female

25 Courtesy: Don Thomson, PBC Estimated dusk temperatures Wenatchee 2011

26 Courtesy: Don Thomson, PBC Estimated dusk temperatures Wenatchee 2015

27 Courtesy: Don Thomson, PBC Understanding Codling Moth biology

28 Understanding Codling Moth biology Control 1st Generation! Less Eggs Laid Higher Mortality of Eggs & Larvae CM Risk Higher in Summer Courtesy: Don Thomson, PBC

29 % Understanding Codling Moth biology Diapausa is influenced by photoperiod, temperature and food Some larvae start diapausa immediately /6 21/6 28/6 5/7 12/7 19/7 26/7 2/8 9/8 16/8 23/8 30/8 6/8 13/9 20/9 27/9 individui in diapausa individui sfarfallati

30 Field check - TRAPS MD approach

31 MD approach Field check DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Month Injured apples x 1,000 June 3 July 5 August 8

32 MD approach HOW TO APPLY THE DISPENSERS? hang up before flight starts 0.5 m below tree top not on wires double in perimeter rows

33 MD approach BE AWARE OF: Stacks of bins or apple wood Roadside and ditches Buildings Small orchards and other hosts Neglected plots No-cooperative neighbors

34 Codling moth control strategy Integration of low environmental impact products with newly registered insecticides possibility of use of natural enemies Anti - resistance strategies

35 Codling moth control strategy Trial protocol: farms with medium pressure of Codling Moth Application of Mating Disruption and nematodes Use of new a.i.: Chlorantraniliprol and Emamectine Benzoate Use of biological products (Granulosis Virus and Spinosad) Exclusion of organophosphates Comparison with 2009 strategy Source: Consorzio Fitosanitario Provinciale Modena

36 2009 strategy Farm no. 1 Spr.ays Date Active Ingredient Strategy cost ( /ha) CpGV Chlorpyriphos e Fosmet Methoxyfenozide Chlorpyriphos-e Chlorpyriphos-e Chlorpyriphos-e Fosmet + Teflubenzuron CpGV + Teflubenzuron Spinosad Spinosad 125 Damage at harvest: 1% Source: Consorzio Fitosanitario Provinciale Modena

37 strategy Farm no Sprays Date Active Ingredient 20-4 Isomate Cplus Chlorantraniliprole Chlorantraniliprole CpGV Emamectine b Emamectine b Spinosad S. feltiae Damage at harvest: 0 Residue: Spinosad Sprays Date Active Ingredient 10-4 Isomate Cplus Chlorantraniliprole Chlorantraniliprole CpGV Emamectine b Emamectine b CpGV S. feltiae Damage at harvest: 0 Residue: none Source: Consorzio Fitosanitario Provinciale Modena

38 2009 strategy Farm no. 1 Sprays Date Active Ingredient 10-4 Isomate Cplus Chlorantraniliprole CpGV CpGV Emamectine b Emamectine b. Damage at harvest: 0 Residue: none Thanks to MD the pest pressure decrease year by year. Further reduction of spray and total cost is possible Source: Consorzio Fitosanitario Provinciale Modena

39 2009 strategy Farm no. 2 Number Date Active Ingredient Strategy cost Diflubenzuron Chlorpyriphos -e CpGV Fosmet Chlorpyriphos -e Chlorpyriphos -e CpGV CpGV CpGV CpGV Chlorpyriphos -e CpGV CpGV Spinosad Spinosad Spinosad 125 Damage at harvest: 2%

40 2010 strategy Farm no Sprays Date Active Ingredient Sprays Date Active Ingredient 20-4 Isomate Cplus Chlorantraniliprole Chlorantraniliprole CpGV Emamectine b CpGV Emamectine b CpGV S. feltiae Damage at harvest: 0,5% Residue: none 15-4 Isomate Cplus Chlorantraniliprole Chlorantraniliprole CpGV CpGV Emamectine b Emamectine b CpGV CpGV S. feltiae Damage at harvest: 0 % Residue: none Source: Consorzio Fitosanitario Provinciale Modena

41 2012 strategy Farm no. 2 Number Date Active Ingredient 15-4 Isomate C plus Chlorantraniliprole CpGV CpGV CpGV Emamectine b Emamectine b CpGV Damage at harvest: 0 % Residue: none Source: Consorzio Fitosanitario Provinciale Modena

42 Discussion of the trials Number of sprays Drastic reduction of the number of sprays from the first year Possible reduction of a.i. residues (very low on 2010, none in ) Further reduction of insecticide sprays is possible

43 Discussion of the trials Damage at Harvest Very good efficacy of the new strategy Mating Disruption is the essential element on which build up the CM defense strategy

44 Thank you!