Development of female medfly attractant systems for trapping and sterility assessment

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1 IAEA-TECDOC-1099 XA Development of female medfly attractant systems for trapping and sterility assessment Proceedings of a final Research Co-ordination Meeting organized

2 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Insect and Pest Control Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, copies of these reports on microfiche or in electronic form can be obtained from INIS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse

3 Practical application FOREWORD

4 In preparing this publication EDITORIAL NOTE

5 CONTENTS SUMMARY...^ Mediterranean fruit fly female attractant studies in support of the sterile insect technique: Trapping experiments conducted on the island of Chios, Greece...5 B.I. Katsoyannos,

6 ANNEXES

7 SUMMARY Introduction fruit A recent estimate of the number of host or potential host plants for the Mediterranean

the opportunity to reduce costs of SIT by rearing only males and in particular increases the efficacy of SIT because of the absence of sterile females that distract the sterile males.

8 the opportunity to reduce costs of SIT by rearing only males and in particular increases the efficacy of SIT because of the absence of sterile females that distract the sterile males. The development of female medfly targeted detection and trapping systems, used in conjunction with only sterile male releases, opens the possibility of simpler and more accurate appraisal of the progress of the SIT programmes. Thus, to improve the efficacy of the SIT, reduce costs,

9 scientists

11 MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT

12 2. MATERIALS

13 TABLE I. MONTHLY AIR TEMPERATURE, PRECIPITATION, AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY RECORDED DURING THE YEARS AT A METEOROLOGICAL STATION LOCATED AT A DISTANCE OF ABOUT 1-2 KM FROM THE EXPERIMENTAL ORCHARDS Temperature

14 Site

15 lasting one month (BioLure Consep Inc., Bend, OR, USA). The attractants were evaluated in combinations of two (FA-2) or all three (FA-3). The co-ordinated experiments were conducted from July

16 experiment. Frutect traps (used in 1996) were replaced by new ones after one month. After every second check, the liquid in the IPMT and Tephri traps was replaced with fresh solution. Sticky inserts were renewed as often as needed. The ph of the NuLure solution was checked several times

17 TABLE n. MEAN NUMBERS OF MEDFLIES AND OTHER INSECTS CAPTURED PER TRAP CHECK IN THE 10 TRAPS OF EACH TREATMENT (5 BLOCKS X 2 TRAPS OF EACH TREATMENT/BLOCK), DURING

18 attractiveness

19 TABLE V. MEAN NUMBERS OF MEDFLDBS AND OTHER INSECTS CAPTURED/TRAP/DAY IN

20 experiments Medfly captures The mean numbers of medflies and other insects captured during the entire experimental period at the two sites of the coordinated experiment and the one side experiment are given in Table VI. As can be seen from these results, in all cases and for females as well as for total captures,

21 males. These

22 TABLE VE. MEAN NUMBERS OF MEDFLIES AND OTHER INSECTS CAPTURED PER TRAP PER

23 2 was increased considerably by addition of TMA, a third synergistically acting attractant. The IPMT trap baited with all three attractants, water, and a surfactant was found to be the most effective, female targeted trapping system existing today.

25 DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE MEDFLY, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) ATTRACTANT SYSTEM

26 Sterile Insect Programmes," which was completed in 1991, another CRP concerning the "Development of Female Medfly Systems for Trapping and Sterility Assessment" was organized

27 2.2. General description

28 which captured a total of 1197 flies (2.13 F/T/D). This was confirmed statistically. In the second test, the CBDT captured a more flies (6 F/T/D) than did the JT (5.49 F/T/D), but this was not statistically significant. The percentage of females per trap were 0.5% and 0.7% for

29 TABLE

30 t-o TABLE II. OVERALL RESULTS AND DATA OF THE COMPARISON OF DRY TRAP FEMALE MEDFLY ATTRACTANTS BDT) VERSUS JACKSON TRAPS WITH TRIMEDLURE Country: Host: Altitude: Avg.Temp, Min-Max: Avg.RH, Min-Max: Trapping period (dates): No. of Trap Days: TURKEY Mandarin 50m 24 C( C-36 C) 60% (41%-80%) 8/9/1994-3/11/ days Number

31 TABLE III. OVERALL RESULTS

32 to o\ TABLE IV. OVERALL RESULTS AND DATA OF THE CAPTURE EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS TRAPS BAITED WITH CANDIDATE FEMALE MEDFLY ATTRACTANTS AND JACKSON TRAPS BAITED WITH TRIMEDLURE Country: Host: Altitude: Avg.Temp, Min-Max: Avg.RH, Min-Max: Trapping period (dates): No. of Trap Days: Jackson trap capture: % females in Jackson trap: Number of Jackson trap days: Fruit infestation level (%): TURKEY Mandarin 50m 25 C (10.2 C C) 54 Number of Medflies Captured a

33 TABLE V. MATING STATUS OF THE CAPTURED FEMALES DURING THE ENTIRE EXPERIMENT Treatment Test l a Test 2 a

34 to OO TABLE VI. OVERALL RESULTS AND DATA OF THE CAPTURE EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS TRAPS BAITED WITH CANDIDATE FEMALE MEDFLY ATTRACTANTS AND JACKSON TRAPS BAITED WITH TRIMEDLURE Country: Host: Altitude: Avg.Temp, Min-Max: Avg.RH, Min-Max: Trapping period (dates): No. of Trap Days: Jackson trap capture: % females in Jackson trap: Number of Jackson trap days: Fruit infestation level (%): Number of Medflies Captured

35 TABLE VII. OVERALL RESULTS

36 TABLE VIII. MATING STATUS OF THE CAPTURED FEMALES DURING THE ENTIRE EXPERIMENT a Test

37 TABLE

38 UJ TABLE X. OVERALL RESULTS AND DATA OF THE CAPTURE EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS TRAPS BAITED WITH CANDIDATE FEMALE MEDFLY ATTRACTANTS AND JACKSON TRAPS BAITED WITH TRIMEDLURE Country: Host: Altitude: Avg.Temp, Min-Max: Avg.RH, Min-Max: Trapping period (dates): No. of Trap Days: Jackson trap capture:

39 TABLE

40 U) TABLE XII. OVERALL RESULTS AND DATA OF THE CAPTURE EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS TRAPS BAITED WITH CANDIDATE FEMALE MEDFLY ATTRACTANTS

41 TABLE XIII. MATING STATUS OF THE CAPTURED FEMALES DURING THE ENTIRE EXPERIMENT Test l a Test 2 a Treatment % Mated % Unmated % Mated % Unmated IPMT, NU+B IPMT, FA-3,

42 larger area of the IPMTs might have been another advantage in increasing the number of captures. Considering these assumptions, in the second test, the IPMT with colored water, the cooperator's choice trap, was replaced with the plastic Agrisense dry traps which showed good performance

43 The results

44 2. The CBDT, FA-2 and OBDT, FA-2, which were the specifically developed as female-targeted traps, caught

46 DEVELOPMENT OF MEDFLY FEMALE ATTRACTANT SYSTEMS FOR TRAPPING IN SPAIN XA J.P. ROS Institute Nacional Investigaciones Agrarias, Madrid, Spain Abstract This report contains information from

47 monitor wild populations when used with the male-only strains currently employed in Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) programs. Also,

48 2.5. Data collection All traps were checked twice per week on a regular schedule and the number of male and female medflies captured

49 Traps There were seven blocks (A-G) of seven traps each. The complete traps are described below. 1. Jackson Trap (JT, TML) - as above 2. Open Bottom Dry Trap (OBDT, FA-2) a cylindrical plastic trap with an open bottom, a yellow sticky insert to capture the flies and baited with FA-2 attractants

50 3. RESULTS Experiments TABLE I. CAPTURES OF FLIES (MALES/FEMALES) EN BLOCKS A AND B (ORANGE NAVELATE)-81 Days Trap Attractant Captures Maies Females Flies/T/D Females/T/D JT JT CBDT CBDT TML TML FA-2 FA TABLE II. CAPTURES OF FLIES (MALES/FEMALES) IN BLOCKS C, D AND EHIRIMOYA) 81 Days Trap Attractant Captures Males Females Flies/T/D Females/T/D JT JT CBDT CBDT TML TML FA-2 FA , I males i females DTFA Fig. J. Medfly captures obtained by each type of trap in the experiment of 1994; DTFA =CBDT 45

51 Experiments TABLE III. CAPTURES OF FLIES (MALES/FEMALES) IN BLOCK A (MANGO) - 56 DAYS Trap Attractant Captures Males Females Flies/T/D Females/T/D JT CBDT OBDT Tephri IPMT TML FA-2 FA-2 FA-2 NU+B TABLE IV. CAPTURES OF FLIES (MALES/FEMALES) IN BLOCK BCjfflRIMOYA) - 56 DAYS Trap Attractant Captures Males Females Flies/T/D Females/T/D JT CBDT OBDT Tephri IPMT TML FA-2 FA-2 FA-2 NU+B TABLE

52 Total Captures 1995 IPMT.Nul DTFA2 DTFA4 TEPHRY Fig.

53 Experiments TABLE

54 TABLE XIII. CAPTURES OF FLIES (MALES/FEMALES) IN BLOCK G (ORANGE) - 56 DAYS Trap Attractant Captures Males Females Flies/T/D Females/T/D JT OBDT OBDT Tephri Tephri IPMT FRUTECT TML FA-2 FA-3 FA-2 FA-3 NU+B Frutect TABLE XIV. NUMBER OF FLIES CAPTURED BY EACH TYPE OF TRAP IN ALL EXPERIMENT MALAGA 1996 Trap Attractant Total Captures FliesAT/D Statistical Mean JT OBDT OBDT Tephri Tephri IPMT FRUTECT TML FA-2 FA-3 FA-2 FA-3 NU+B Frutect a 1.7 d 2.6 c 2.8 c 3.5 b 2.3 cd 2.1 d Total Captures 1996 total captures females OBDT2 OBDT3 TEPHRY2 TEPHRY3 IPMT.Nui FRUTECT Fig. 4. Medfly captures (total and females) obtained by each type of trap in the experiment of 1996;OBDT2=OBDT, FA-2, OBDT3=OBDT, FA-3, Tephry2?ephri, FA-2, Tephry3=Tephri, FA-3, IPMT,Nul=IPMT, NU+B 49

55 TABLE XV. NUMBER OF FEMALES CAPTURED BY EACH TYPE OF TRAP IN ALL EXPERIMENT - MALAGA 1996 Trap Attractant Total Females Females/T/D Statistical Mean JT OBDT OBDT Tephri Tephri IPMT TML FA-2 FA-3 FA-2 FA-3 NU+B d 1.5 c 2.3 b 2.6 b 3.2 a 2.2 be IPMT.Nul 13% FRUTECT 10% FEMALES 1996 OBDT2 7% OBDT3 16% TEPHRY3 33% TEPHRY2 21% Frutect Frutect c

56 Total Captures'1 997 (total captures

57 TABLE

58 At last,

59 [4] IAEA, Standardization

60 DEVELOPMENT XA

62 Open bottom dry trap (OBDT, FA-3) [5]. This trap was the same as above except it was baited with ammonium acetate, putrescine

63 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Data from each study was analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test for comparison of averages [6]. t

64 During period 2(11 October-30 November, 1996) temperatures during the first 4 weeks were similar to period 1, but decreased during the last three weeks of the study. The RH was lower than

65 TABLE

66 Tables

67 to TABLE HI-CAPTURE

68 Trap TABLE V. CATCH OF ADULT MEDFLIES IN F/T/D, PERCENT FEMALES AND TOTAL FLIES AT CAMACHA (700 M) FROM 18 OCTOBER - 29 NOVEMBER, 1997 Weekl F/T/D % Weekl Week 3 Week 4 WeekS Week 6 IPMT.NU+B 0.29c c b c O.OOe d OBDT,FA b a a a a c 61.54

69 3.3. Study Three Fig. 4 shows temperature (maximum, mean and minimum), relative humidity (maximum, mean

70 4.3. Third study At high elevations (700m)

71 FINAL REPORT XA

72 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS trap The main objective of the experiments was to find the most effective combination of

73 toxic propylene glycol/ water (1:1 solution) without decreasing performance. The Tephri trap with propylene glycol outperformed the IPMT with ethylene glycol (twice the number of females). From these results,

74 TABLE I. TRAPPING DATA FROM THE JUNE 5 - JULY 6, 1997 TRIAL -TSRIFIN, ISRAEL Country: Site of study: Host: Altitude:

75 TABLE

76 K) TABLE III. TRAPPING DATA FROM THE MAY 26 - JULY 7, 1997 TRIAL - HATSEVA, ISRAEL Country: Site

77 DEVELOPMENT XA

78 Therefore,

79 southwestern part of the country. The altitude is about 20 m at Agadir and 200 m around Marrakech.

80 2.4. Data analysis The results obtained were submitted to the variance analysis and means were separated with least significant test

81 TABLE

82 TABLE IV. MEAN FLIES/TRAP/DAY CAPTURED WITH MALE-TARGETED JACKSON TRAPS BAITED WITH TML AND WITH FEMALE-TARGETED TRAPS (OBDT, CBDT, LOCAL TRAP, EPMT) BAITED WITH EITHER FA-2

83 TABLE

84 During

85 TABLE VII. REPRESENTATIVE DATA SUMMARY Country: Host: Altitude: Avg. Temp. Min-Max: Avg. RH. Min-Max: Trapping period (dates): No. of Trap Days (#traps per treatment x #days): Jackson trap capture (# Total F/T/D): % females

86 00 to TABLE VIII. REPRESENTATIVE DATA SUMMARY Country: Host: Altitude: Avg. Temp. Min-Max: Avg. RH. Min-Max: Trapping period (dates): No of Trap Days (# traps per treatment x # days): Jacksoh trap capture (#Total F/T/D): % females in Jackson trap ([# Females/ #Total]xlOO): Number of Jackson trap days (# traps x # days): Average number of larvae per kg of fruit: MOROCCO CITRUS 60m C 54.95

87 4. CONCLUSIONS

88 FIELD EVALUATION XA

89 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS 2.1. Description

90 3. RESULTS 3.1.1st Experiment 24/10/97

91 TABLE

92 TABLE VII. FEMALE CAPTURES 1ST MONTH IPMT,FA-3,wet IPMT,FA-3,dry Treatments Tephri,FA-3,dry IPMT,NU+B Tephri,FA-3,wet MeanF/T/D Mean ' 1 Values followed 0.005ab 0.004ab 0.004ab 0.003a 0.009b

93 TABLE

94 Both Tephri trap treatments presented relative

95 no significant difference comparing IPMT, FA-3, wet, IPMT, FA-3, dry, and Tephri, FA-3, dry.

96 the trap,

97 DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE FRUIT FLY, Ceratitis species, ATTRACTANT SYSTEMS XA

98 It was decided at the Madeira meeting that South Africa would continue with Year 4 of the CRP protocol. This report presents the results of Year 4 with a summary of the preliminary work done during Year 3. In addition, trials are being carried out in the subtropical fruit area of South Africa to determine whether the three-patch lure system (ammonium acetate, putrescine and trimethylamine) would attract C. cosyra. This work is still in progress and is not reported here. Our involvement with the female attractant CRP is in addition to an FAO/IAEAsupported study to determine the feasibility of eradicating fruit fly from the Western Cape by means of SIT, currently being undertaken by the ARC-Fruit, Vine & Wine Research Institute. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS All

99 Description of site An 8-year-old plum orchard

100 Open field Plum Plum Fajrms Guava Plum Open field a CQ < \ViId.elcraans Open field Plum N Open Held Open Held Open field Wine grapes Figure 2. Plan of Baldric and Wildekraans sites used during the FAO/IAEA Co-ordinate Research Programme 9

101 were placed

102 o TABLE

103 TABLE H. TOTAL NUMBER OF MALE AND FEMALE C. capitata CAPTURED AT WILDEKRAANS

104 TABLE

105 High population conditions (Baldric)

106 population.

107 EFFICACY XA

108 same methods.

109 The elevation

110 Phase IV Phase

111 TABLE

112 TABLE II. CAPTURE OF C. capitata IN PHASE III EXPERIMENT AT BEL OMBRE Country : Host: Altitude: Avg. Temp, Min.-Max.: Avg. RH, Min.-Max. : Trapping period (dates) : No. of Trap Days (# traps per treatment x # days): Jackson trap capture (# Total F/T/D):

113 TABLE III. CAPTURE

114 TABLE

115 TABLE V. CAPTURE OF DIFFERENT FRUIT FLY SPECIES (IN F/T/D) IN PHASE III EXPERIMENT AT POINTE AUX SABLES Trap Type

116 TABLE VI. CAPTURE OF DIFFERENT FRUIT FLY SPECIES (IN F/T/D) IN PHASE III EXPERIMENT AT BEL OMBRE Trap Type

117 TABLE VII. CAPTURE

118 TABLE VIII. CAPTURE OF DIFFERENT FRUIT FLY SPECIES (IN F/T/D) IN PHASE IV EXPERIMENT AT POINTE AUX SABLES Trap Type JT, TML IPMT, NU+B IPMT, FA-3, water IPMT, FA-3, DDVP Tephri,

119 TABLE IX. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE FOR EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAPPING SYSTEMS FOR FEMALE MEDFLY

120 00 TABLE XIII. MATURITY

121 TABLE XV. FRUIT INFESTATION DATA (PHASE III)

122 suppression programmes. Nevertheless,

123 STANDARDIZATION OF Cemtitis capitata Wied. (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) FEMALE TRAPPING XA

124 2. GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS 2.1. General protocol All trials were performed according to the IAEA protocol, with the only modification that the traps were placed in the northeast side of the plants and not the southeast because of Argentina's geographical position

125 Site 1 at Huillapima (Capdevila's plot) contained a crop of mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Tenora, variety Comun (Common)

126 3.3. Discussion and conclusions Field trials were carried out in two mandarin (C. deliciosa) plantations only 11 km apart (Huillapima and Capayan), so the climatic and ecological conditions were similar. The only tephritid fruit fly captured in the trial was C. capitata. Although

127 TABLE E. C. capitata CAPTURED (IN F/T/D) AT HUILLAPIMA AND CAPAYAN (330 TRAP DAYS) (03/28/95

128 4. SECOND STAGE: 1995

129 TABLE III. C. capitate* CAPTURED (TOTALS AND F/T/D) AT POMANCILLO OESTE IN PEACH WITH EACH TYPE OF TRAP (330 TRAP DAY)(09/12/95

130 TABLE

131 TABLE

132 TABLE

133 16.92 % OBDT, FA-2 captured 1.54 %, CBDT, FA-2 captured 3.07 %, and JT, TML captured

134 There were

135 TABLE VII.

136 TABLE VII. (CONTINUATION) Date 04/15/97 04/18/97 04/22/97 04/25/97 04/29/97 05/02/97 05/06/97 05/09/97 05/13/97 05/16/97 05/20/97 05/23/97 05/27/97 05/30/97 06/03/97 06/06/97 06/10/97 06/13/97 06/17/ Total F/T/D F 0 OBDT,FA-2

137 TABLE VIII.C. capitata CAPTURED (IN F/T/D) ATHUILLAPIMA IN MANDARIN (355 TRAP DAYS) (04/11/97-06/20/97) Date JT, 04/15/97 04/18/97 04/22/97 04/25/97 04/29/97 05/02/97 05/06/97 05/09/97 05/13/97 05/16/97 05/20/97 05/23/97 05/27/97 05/30/97 06/03/97 06/06/97 06/10/97 06/13/97 06/17/97 06/20/97 F/T/D

138 5.2. Results Tables VII and VIII summarize the total capture of C. capitata for each type of trap, revision date, number

139 and 1-2 drops of surfactant (IPMT, FA-3, water); LPMT as a dry trap, baited with FA-3 and DDVP in base for retention (IPMT, FA-3, DDVP); Tephri Trap as a dry trap, baited with FA-

140 u> 00 TABLE IX.C. capitata CAPTURED (TOTALS

141 TABLE X. C. capitata CAPTURED (IN F/T/D) AT POMANCILLO OESTE IN PEACH (425 TRAP DAYS) (09/12/97-12/05/97) Date 09/16/97 09/19/97 09/23/97 09/26/97 09/30/97 10/03/97 10/07/97 10/10/97 10/14/97 10/17/97 10/21/97 10/24/97 10/28/97 10/31/97 1 1/04/97 1 1/07/97 1

142 of Capture in the A line increased by the end of the trial. This was because in the first line

143 TABLE XH. METEOROLOGICAL DATA (METEOROLOGICAL STATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, VALLE VIEJO) Month Max. JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUN. JUL. AUG. SEP. OCT. NOV. DEC. Annual

144 TABLE XIV. METEOROLOGICAL DATA

145 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To International Atomic Energy Agency which supported the Research Contract N 7648/R1. To Professor Lidia Aguirre de Quevedo and Professor Diana Ovejero (College of Agronomy Sciences, National University of Catamarca) for the translation of this paper into English

146 MEDFLY (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann) FEMALE ATTRACTANT STUDIES XA

147 Dominant soils are ultisol, entisol and vertisol. Weather in Yojoa is humid with an average annual rainfall

148 TABLE

149 The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using Minitab, Version 11 [3]. Mean separation procedures were conducted using Duncan's

150 TABLE E. AVERAGE

151 The FA-2 and FA-3 lures were tested in the-obdt and in the IPMT. The Frutect trap and lure (RonPal Ltd. Rishpon, Israel), a newly patented female-selective trapping system, was also tested in this study. As in the previous years, the protein-baited IPMT, NU+B and the

152 TABLE IV. MEAN ±SD FEMALE C. capitata CAPTURE PER TREATMENT AND BOTH SEXES MEAN

153 TABLE VI. AVERAGE ±SD DAILY CAPTURE OF C. capitata FEMALES PER TREATMENT AND TOTAL (BOTH SEXES) C. capitata CAPTURE IN JT AT LAS MERCEDES, COMAYAGUA AND LA CEffilTA, YOJOA IN 1997 Treatment OBDT, FA-3, dry IPMT, FA-3, dry IPMT, FA-3, wet Tephri, FA-3, wet Tephri, FA-3, dry IPMT, NU+B F=81.88 df=

154 TABLE VDI. PERCENTAGE ±SD AND RELATION-FEMALE: MALE OF C. capitata CAPTURE PER TREATMENT AT COMAYAGUA AND YOJOA FROM Treatment Comayagua CBDT, FA-2 CBDT, FA-2 IPMT, NU+B IPMT, FA-2 OBDT, FA-2 F = 0.18 df=3, 17 P = IPMT, FA-2 OBDT, FA-3 IPMT, FA-3 Frutect OBDT, FA-2 IPMT, NU+B F=1.84 df=5,29 P = IPMT,

155 We would like ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

156 EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS MEDFLY FEMALE TRAPPING COMBINATIONS XA

157 The release of males of a genetic sexing.strain (wp+) began in the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) context,

158 During these periods, the peach crop finishes in LFS, the sweet oranges and mandarins ripen

159 The total number of flies captured in Coope-Victoria Farm, in coffee, was 278: 10 medflies, 221 Anastrepha striata, 42 A. obliqua and 1 A. serpentina. 87% were captured in IPMT, NU+B 6% in OBDT, FA-2, 5% in CBDT, FA-2, and 1% in JT, TML. In this phase, the OBDTs and the EPMTs were found to be efficient for capturing female medflies and showed promise for monitoring female medflies in conjunction with a SIT release programme using males only. TABLE

160

161

162 December1997-January 1998 I I I M Tl I I T (MM I I I T (Ml I M I I I It M I II M M I I I I I M I M M M I December January 1998 At FBS,

163 There were 849 other Anastrepha flies (mostly A. avispd) captured during this trial. Of these 86.8% were found

164 TABLE V. NUMBER OF MEDFLffiS AND F/T/D INDEX CAPTURED IN EACH TYPE OF TRAP

165 DEVELOPMENT XA

166

167 captures.

168 This experiment was carried out on two-coffee plantations which are described as follows: a) The Palmira plantation. Located in the municipality of Cachoatan at the 22.6 km point along

169 TABLE

170 TABLE II. FRUIT FLY SPECIMENS CAPTURED IN FIVE COMBINATIONS OF TRAP AND ATTRACTANTS IN THE SOCONUSCO REGION, CMAPAS, MEXICO

171 TABLE III. FRUIT FLY SPECIMENS CAPTURED WITH SEVEN COMBINATIONS OF TRAPS AND ATTRACTANTS IN COFFEE PLANTS AND VALENCIA ORANGE TREES, IN THE SOCONUSCO REGION, CHIAPAS, MEXICO ^ocality Treatment S.J. NEXAPA (coffee) JT, TML OBDT, FA-2 OBDT, FA-3 IPMT, FA-2 IPMT, FA-3 McPhail,NU+B Tephri, FA-3 DON MARIO (orange) JT, TML OBDT, FA-2 OBDT, FA-3 IPMT, FA-2 IPMT, FA-3 McPhail,NU+B Tephri, FA-3 F F/T/D Ceratitis capitata * M F/T/D A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B C C * A A B A A A A B B B B B B C C C C C C F Anastrepha ludens F/T/D * M F/T/D A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B * A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B F Anastrepha obtiqua F/T/D * M F/T/D A A A A A A A A A A A A A B * A A A A A A A A A A A A A A * same letters are employed when there in no significant difference using ANOVA with Tukey F/T/D = Flies/Trap/Day; M =males; F =females

172 TABLE

173 TABLE

174

175

176 MEDFLY FEMALE ATTRACTANT TRAPPING STUDIES XA

177

178 results Results from

179 TABLE HI. MEDFLY CAPTURES BY CBDT, FA-2 VS. JT, TML AT FINCA EL TRANSITO, COLOMBA,QUETZALTENANGO - ELEVATION 1050 M Week

180 study

181 females than

182 TABLE

183 TABLE

184 TABLE

185 TABLE XV. MULTIPLE MEAN COMPARISON, TUKEY'S STUDENTIZED RANGE TEST (HSD) OF FEMALE CAPTURE AT FINCA LAS DELICIAS, ELEVATION 659 M GROUPINGS* MEAN N TRAP TYPE A IPMT, FA-2 A JMT, NU+B A OBDT, FA-2 B CBDT, FA-2 B JT, TML Alpha= 0.05,

186 captures were compared

187 Weekly data collection was carried out, and information gathered included: total insect capture

188 TABLE XIX. MULTIPLE MEAN COMPARISON,- TUKEY'S STUDENTIZED RANGE TEST (HSD)

189 Statistical analysis consisted

190 Tephri, FA-3, wet, yellow sticky panel CC1, FA-3, wet CC1, FA-3, wet, yellow sticky panel JT, TML /98 results, discussion, and conclusions Results

191 (O TABLE XXIII. CAPTURE

192 TABLE XXIV. CAPTURE OF STERILE MEDFLIES USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRAPS AND LURES (IN F/T/D) IN COFFEE, Trap Type Location Bait

193 6. OVDPOSITION STUDIES 6.1. Materials and methods Field studies

194 Five egging media were evaluated: grape; agar; Alcosorb; G-400;

195 TABLE XXVI. NUMBER

196 TABLE XXVIII. OVIPOSITION INTO VARIOUS SUBSTRATES IN FIELD CAGE STUDY Ovipositional Substrate Material CBDT Trap Type Number of Eggs Number Grape Agar Alcosorb G-400 Fuselerone

197 REFERENCES

198 POTENTIAL FOR THE USE OF MALE PHEROMONE COMPONENTS XA

199 An alternative hypothesis, that

200 Although most of the trials that have been conducted so far with pheromone-based attractants have yielded few female flies, the reasons for this are now becoming evident. If prior reduction

201 ANNEXES

202 Annex

203 (3)

204 IPMT traps should always

205 (f) Fruit infestation per site. Percentage of main medfly host fruits in the area with live infestation. About 10 fruits picked at random from about 10 trees of each host at the beginning of each week. 9. TRAPS

206 The putrescine lures

207 11. DATA ANALYSIS Data should

208 (k)

209 N) TABLE

210 COORDINATED RESEARCH PROGRAMME 1997 Experiments

211 1997 Experiments COORDINATED RESEARCH PROGRAMME ON MEDFLY FEMALE ATTRACTANT DATA SHEET

212 COORDINATED RESEARCH PROGRAMME 1997 Experiments

213 COORDINATED RESEARCH PROGRAMME 1997 Experiments

214 Annex 2. TREATMENTS USED IN STANDARD PROTOCOL Treatments Used in Standard Protocol

215 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE TRAPS USED IN THE STANDARD PROTOCOL FT, TML (Trimedlure-baited Jackson trap) - This trap consisted of a triangular 12.7 x 9.5 x 8.5 ligh white cardboard trap with

216 >BDT (Open Bottom Dry Trap) - The body of this dry trap was a green plastic sheet that formed

217 COST ESTIMATE Annex 3

218 Basket for Trimedlure plug Open bottom

219 to to to Annex 4 SUMMARY

220 Country Mallorca Site 1 Mallorca Site 2 South Africa Site 1 South Africa Site 2 Mauritius Site

221 BIBLIOGRAPHY BAKRI, A., HADIS, H., EPSKY, N.D., HEATH, R.R, HENDRICHS, J, Female Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) capture

222 KATSOYANNOS, B.I., PAPADOPOULOS, N.T., LOULOUSSIS, N.T., HEATH, R.R., HENDRICHS, J.A., Method of assessing the fertility of wild Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) females for use in sterile insect technique programs, J. Econ. Entomol. (in press). ROS, J.P.,

223 Alemany, A. Bakri, A. Barnes, H. Camacho, H. Epsky, N. Gazit, Y. Heath, R. Hendrichs, J. Howse,

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Institute/Country. Universidad de Costa Rica, COSTA RICA. Plant Protection Directorate, Madeira, PORTUGAL

Institute/Country. Universidad de Costa Rica, COSTA RICA. Plant Protection Directorate, Madeira, PORTUGAL 1. CRP Title "Development of Female Medfly Attractant Systems for Trapping and Sterility Assessment" 2. Section/Division: Insect Pest Control / Joint FAO/IAEA Division (NAFA) 3. Project Officer: Jorge