Handling Semen and Breeding the Pig

Transcription

1 Handling Semen and Breeding the Pig Dr. Tim Safranski University of Missouri-Columbia Presented Ohio Show Pig Producer Symposium August 25, 2018 Plain City, OH

2 Outline Semen storage and handling Insemination Q&A

3 Boar Anatomy Sigmoid Flexure Cauda Epididymis Cowpers Gland Retractor Penis Muscle Seminal Vesicles Bladder Testis Caput Epididymis Ductus Deferens Pampiniform Plexus Glans Penis Picture courtesy of Dr. Dwane Davis

4 Thermoregulatory Mechanism of Testis Rectal temperature: C ( Boar 1) C ( Boar 2) 1. Scrotum 2. Pampiniform plexus 3. Cremaster muscle 4. Tunica dartos muscle Pampiniform plexus: Convolution of veins and arteries for cooling blood entering testis Testis is 5 to 6 F cooler 4 Levis

5 What kills sperm? Temperature Light Bacteria Contamination Physical stress Age Perfume, sneezing, talking in the wrong tone of voice. K. Stewart

6 Semen management on farm Risk of sperm membrane damage reduces viability and fertility Ideal temperature range for semen at arrival Risk of bacterial overgrowth, sperm plasma membrane regains fluidity 12 C 13 C 14 C 15 C 16 C 17 C 18 C 19 C 20 C 21 C 22 C K. Stewart

7 bsmc.missouri.edu

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10 Motility and Morphology Singleton Flowers, 2013

11 SEMEN MANAGEMENT ON FARM Monitor semen cooler temperatures frequently Target is 17 C Check temperature of semen upon arrival 17 C is target (62.6 F) 15 C 19 C is acceptable range Rotate semen daily Check semen cooler temp at same time Regularly clean and disinfect semen cooler K. Stewart

12 EVALUATING MOTILITY Supplies Needed Microscope medium quality (ebay) Capable of 100x and 40x magnification Microscope slides and cover slips Method of warming semen 37 C Ice Pack K. Stewart

13 Proximal droplets Agglutination Normal Sperm Loose & Ruffled Acrosomes Not visible with conventional microscope Distal droplet Translocation Bent tail plus droplet Wayne Singleton Purdue University

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15 Heat Detection Primary Signs Stands for boar Stands for another female Stands for back pressure test Secondary Signs Erect ears Seeks boar Relaxes tail when touched Wayne Singleton Purdue University Seeks boar Mucous discharge Swollen vulva

16 PROGRESSION OF ESTRUS BEHAVIOR Phase 1 Pre-heat Increased physical activity Increased vocalizations ( grunts and growls) Swelling of vulva and mucus discharge Attempts to mount other females Phase 2 Standing Heat Stands for boar, other females or for the back pressure test Onset of standing heat K. Stewart

17 Boar stimuli during courting and mating Can you identify the following? Smell Feel Hear See Singleton

18 Refractory Period = Female Fatigue During lordosis all muscles are flexed Isometric muscle contractions result in energy use and waste products ( lactic acid) accumulate Females become fatigued (after 5-15 minutes) and cannot sustain the reflex Can exhibit response again following 1-2 hours rest Standing Response Standing Response Standing Response Fatigued No Response Fatigued No Response

19 Provide stimulation during and after insemination Singleton

20 When to Inseminate? Satisfactory reproductive performance should result if females are inseminated with fresh semen (<72 hours-old) 0 to 24 hours prior to the time of ovulation. When using older or frozen semen superior performance requires inseminations be closer to the time of ovulation. Goal: Have an adequate population of fertile, capacitated sperm present in the female just prior to the time of ovulation. 20

21 Life span = 6-8 hr Life span = 24 hr Magnified view of sperm cells Magnified view of ovum and sperm cells. Note the relationship between the size of the ovum relative to the size of the sperm cells. Singleton

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23 And what (type of) catheter is best?

24 Swine AI heat detection 1x or 2x daily intracervical semen deposition? mate twice or more per estrus 3 billion cells per dose? hours between matings only one mating is needed; which one? 24

25 Summary Handle semen gently Semen storage temperature matters Use semen quickly Know when to expect estrus Be as accurate as possible in timing AI Be the boar 25