Oil & Gas 101 Well Intervention & Well End-of-Life. Teoman Altinkopru Vice President Well Intervention, Schlumberger

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1 Oil & Gas 101 Well Intervention & Well End-of-Life Teoman Altinkopru Vice President Well Intervention, Schlumberger

2 Agenda Coiled Tubing Market How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured? CT Unit Components Why Coiled Tubing? Coiled Tubing in P&A Q&A 2

3 $ M CTU s Evolution of Coiled Tubing Market Worldwide CT Market Worldwide CTU Count 10,000 2,500 9,000 8,000 2,000 7,000 6,000 1,500 5,000 4,000 1,000 3,000 2, , Source: SPEARS Source: SPE ICoTA 3

4 Product Portfolios Coiled Tubing Equipment Units Data Acquisition Coiled Tubing Fluid Applications Well Kill / Kick Off Nitrogen Applications Wellbore Fill Removal Acid and Screen Wash Matrix acidizing Chemical Treatments and Shut offs CT Cementing Coiled Tubing Tools Flow Control Scale Removal Fishing Zonal Isolation Milling/ Drilling / Underreaming Tubing Cutting Coiled Tubing Logging and Perforating Perforating Logging Coiled Tubing Completions Velocity String Completion Conventional and Spoolable ESP Sand Management Gravel Pack and Consolidation Advanced Services Live Downhole Coiled Tubing Services Integrated Coiled Tubing Production Service Real Time Production Logging Inflatable Packers 4

5 CT Operational Breakdown 3% 4% 2% 1% 1% Coiled Tubing Wellbore Cleanout 3% 15% Coiled Tubing Well Circulation Coiled Tubing Matrix Non-Service Related 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 11% 10% N2 Services Only - No CT Coiled Tubing Equipment Rental Coiled Tubing Tool Conveyance Coiled Tubing Milling Coiled Tubing Recharges Only Coiled Tubing Cementing Coiled Tubing Logging 7% 7% 10% Coiled Tubing Fishing / Retrieval Coiled Tubing Completion 5

6 Agenda Coiled Tubing Market How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured? CT Unit Components Why Coiled Tubing? Coiled Tubing in P&A Q&A 6

7 Coiled Tubing Welds (Bias) Flat steel about to be welded Bias Weld Welded as flat strip: joints two strips. Traditionally used filler material Till final length is reached When tubing is formed, the weld takes the shape of a helix 7

8 Coiled Tubing Welds (Seam Weld) Bias Weld Profile Long Itudinal Weld Profile Inline Seam Weld In every string where the flat steel was rolled and joined Often referred to as the flash No filler material 8

9 How Coiled Tubing Is Made In Line Seam Welding Weld Surface Finished and Heat Treated Sheet Alloy Rollers Pressing Sheet Into Tube 9

10 Tapered CT String Strips of different thickness are jointed to form a tapered string Heavier wall Intermediate Lighter wall 10

11 Residual Bend A Key Issue Its influence Compression Buckling Access 11

12 Helical Lockup Sinusoidal Buckling Helical Buckling The distance to which the CT can be pushed into a highly deviated or horizontal well is not the instant when helical buckling occurs. It has been shown experimentally and proven through numerous field cases that the pipe can proceed further, without damage, beyond what is the load for helical buckling. The maximum penetration depth is reached when the applied force on the CT at surface can no longer overcome the friction due to the helical wall contact forces. This situation is called helical lockup. 12

13 Common Intervention Methods Where Coiled Tubing Fits Required Level of Engineering Intervention Methods Coiled Tubing Snubbing Unit Slick Line Workover Rig Cost & Duration of Intervention 13

14 Agenda Coiled Tubing Market How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured? CT Unit Components Why Coiled Tubing? Coiled Tubing in P&A Q&A 14

15 Coiled Tubing Unit Prime Mover Control Cabin Tubing Reel Injector Head BOP/Stripper Lifting Equipment 15

16 CT Reel Functions 5 Basic functions of the reel: Storing and protecting the CT string reel drum (1) Maintaining proper tension between reel and injector head (reel drive system) Efficiently spooling the CT string onto the reel drum - levelwind system (2) Circulating fluids with the drum rotating swivel (3) Application of protective coating or inhibitor on tubing string - tubing lubricator system (4) CT depth measurement system - reel mounted counter and integrity monitor (5) This is always the heaviest load. Determines logistics and applicability in many situations!

17 Reel Models Reel Size Comparison 17

18 Injector Head Functions Basic functions of the injector head or equipment normally mounted on the injector head include: Injecting and retrieving the CT string Holding the CT string static Guiding the CT to the reel Tension/compression measurement (weight indicator) Depth/speed measurement (depth system sensor) Mounting place for primary pressure barrier (stripper) 18

19 Gooseneck The 44 rule.. HR in. HR in. Recommendations Tubing Size (in.) Radius (in.) 1-1/4 48 to /2 48 to /4 72 to to /8 90 to /8 90 to /2 96 to 120 HR in. 19

20 CT Well Control Equipment Equipment providing pressure control in live well operations Stripper BOP Check valve in the BHA 20

21 Stripper Primary Well Control Hydraulically actuated 10,000 or 15,000 psi WP 3 different configurations Top loaded Side Door Radial (High Pressure) 21

22 BOP Features Blind ram WHP Sensor Port Shear Ram Slip ram Equalizing Valve 2 side port Equalizing Valve Pipe ram 22

23 CTU Power Pack and Control Cab 23

24 CTU Skid Mounted 24

25 CTU Barge Mounted Lake Maracaibo Barge Unit Nigerian Barge Unit 25

26 CT Express Coiled Tubing Express Trailer mounted CTU Examples of Slb Units 26

27 CT SEAS 27

28 Agenda Coiled Tubing Market How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured? CT Unit Components Why Coiled Tubing? Coiled Tubing in P&A Q&A 28

29 Market Driver: NAM Horizontal Rig Growth 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% North America Vert Horz Dir Rig Count 0% Source: Baker Hughes 29

30 Market Driver: NAM Shale Plays 30

31 Market Driver: Maximum Reservoir Contact UZ-750 MD/TVD = 3 31

32 Market Driver: Extreme Reservoir Contact Source: Saudi Aramco 32

33 Well Intervention Interacts with a wide range of services Testing Artificial Lift Completions PTS BDT TCP UBD CTD REDACoil Cable Deployed ESP DTS CT Sand Control Domain Expertise Thru-Tubing tools Well Services Wireline D&M IPS OneSubsea Matrix stimulation CoilFRAC CT Cementing Production Logging CH Logging Perforating CTD P&A Light Weight Intervention 33

34 ACTive Technology Platform Roadmap ACTive Decipher ACTive PS Gamma Ray Tension Compression DFLO Xtreme Optical MHA Distributed Measurements Measurements Platform Straddle OptiFIRE CT Re-frac Universal Circulation MLT Logging Mechanical Services Platform 34

35 Impact of Real-Time Downhole Measurements 35

36 Intervention and Stimulation Workflow In the past Conventional CT Initial Treatment Design Treatment Execution Full Treatment Evaluation 36

37 Intervention and Stimulation Workflow Initial Treatment Design Now using ACTive technologies Real-time downhole measurements Treatment Execution Treatment Evaluation New Treatment Design Decision Full Treatment Evaluation SPE

38 Agenda Coiled Tubing Market How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured? CT Unit Components Why Coiled Tubing? Coiled Tubing in P&A Q&A 38

39 Life of a Well Drill Drill to to Complete Frac Complete Frac to Produce to Produce Produce Produce to to Recover Recover DD/MWD/LWD Zonal Isolation Completion Frac/Stimulation Reservoir Mgmt Well Intervention Recover P&A Zonal Isolation 39

40 Permanent Well Abandonment

41 Questions 41