Faculty of Health and Science, Kio University Nara Health Center of Ikaruga-cho Ikoma-gun Nara Fujioka Clinic Nara

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1 Yasuyo ASANO 1, Yoko AOKI 1, Kayoko OHYABU 1, Miyuki MINAMI 1, Hisayo TUKUDA 2, Shoji FUJIOKA 3, Etsuhiro MATUYAMA 4, Mieko MIYAKE 5 and Susumu YANAGI 1 1 Faculty of Health and Science, Kio University Nara Health Center of Ikaruga-cho Ikoma-gun Nara Fujioka Clinic Nara Orthopedics of Hirai Hospital Nara Nara Prefecture Medical College Nara ABSTRACT In this study, aiming at health promotion, the effects of soymilk on the serum cholesterol and bone density were examined. Soymilk ( ml per day) was administered to slight hypercholesterolemiac women (N=34, 5-56 years old) for ten months. Serum total cholesterol (TC) in the high TC group (over 24 mg/1ml) decreased significantly at the fifth month after the start of the examination. Although TC showed a slight increase at the tenth month, TC level was lower than its levels at the start. The increase of the TC level after the fifth month may be influenced by the seasonal variation of TC and by the confounding factors such as intake of nutrients. The changes were not observed in the low TC group though the HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased significantly in the high TC group at the fifth month. Bone mineral density increased slightly, and the rate of increase in the group of women over five years after menopause was higher than the group less than five years after menopause. Serum concentrations of bone formation marker, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), increased significantly and urinary concentrations of bone absorption marker, cross-linked N- telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX), did not change significantly. These results seem to show that age-dependent decrease in bone density may be delayed by

2 soymilk. Soy Protein Research, Japan 9, , 6. Key words : soymilk, cholesterol, bone density, markers of bone turnover, postmenopausal women 15 1) 55 mg/1ml 2) 3~6) 7~9) 1) mg/1ml34 ml 15 kcal6. g 32 mg1 mg 1 ml BAPN NTXDXA FFQ g Ver.3. WINDOWS SPSS Ver.13. (SPSS Japan Inc.) 34 3 DXA Table. 1BMI Table

3 Table 1. Characteristics of the subjects 1 Age (y) Time since menopause (y) Body weight (kg) Body height (cm) BMI (kg/m 2 ) Family member n (%) couple 8 (26.7) with children 15 (5.) alone 1 ( 3.3) three generations 4 (13.3) others 1 ( 3.3) Occupation employed none 9 (3.) 21 (7.) 1: meansd. n=3 TC Table. 31 TC mg/1ml TCFig. 1 TC SFATC TC24 mg/1ml mg/1ml mg/1ml Fig. 2TCTC 1TC TC 11) Table 2. Changes in dietary intakes measured by food frequency questionnaire during intervention period 1 2 weeks month 5 months 1 months 4 weeks after Nutrients Energy (kcal) 1, , , , , Lipid (g) Saturated fatty acids (mg) Monounsaturated fatty acids (mg) Polyunsaturated fatty acids (mg) P/S ratio n-6/n-3 ratio Cholesterol (mg) Keys value Protein (g) Carbohydrate (g) Calcium (mg) Iron (mg) Salt (g) Retinol (g) VitaminB1 (mg) VitaminC (mg) VitaminD (g) VitaminE (mg) VitaminK (g) Dietary fiber (g) Foods Fats & Oils (g) Beans (g) Fishes (g) Meats (g) Eggs (g) : meansd. n=3 P.1, P.5 significantly different from month. 128

4 43 12) Fig. 3 BAP NTX Fig Ockene 13) TC 5.39 mg/1ml mg/1ml SFA TC TC TC24 mg/1ml24 mg/1ml Jenkins 14) 45 g 1 ml 6 g TC Rosell 15) 6 g/ TCLDL-C Zhan 16) TC Table 3. Changes in serum lipids, markers of bone ternover, BMI, body fat during intervention priod and bone density 1 2 weeks month 5 months 1 months 4 weeks after Serum total cholesterol (mg/1ml Serum triacylglycerol (mg/1ml Serum HDL-cholesterol (mg/1ml Serum LDL-choresterol (mg/1ml Arteriosclerosis index Serum total protein (mg/1ml Serum calcium (mg/1ml) BAP (U/L) NTX (pmol BCE/mol ceatinine) BMI (kg/m 2 ) Total body fat (%) Bone density (SOS, m/s) 1, , , , , : meansd. n=3; BAP, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; NTX, N-terminal telopeptide; BCE, bone collagen equivalents; SOS, speed of sound P.1, P.5 significantly different from month. 129

5 (%) month 5 month 1 month after 1 month Energy Fats SFA Dietary TC Serum TC Fig. 1. Percent changes in serum total cholesterol and dietary intakes by food frequency questionnaire during intervention period and bone density. P.5 significantly different from month. (%) month 5 month 1 month after 1 month 24 mg 24 mg Fig. 2. Percent changes in serum Total cholesterol (TC) levels between the groups more than 24 mg/1ml and under 24 mg/1ml serum TC level of month. P.1, P.5 significantly different between months. (%) origin 5 y. after menopause 5th month 5 y. after menopause Fig. 3. Percent changes of bone mineral density between the groups over- and under- 5 y. after menopause. 13

6 (%) (%) BAP month 5 month 1 month after 1 month NTX month 5 month 1 month after 1 month Over 5 y. after menopause Under 5 y. after menopause Fig. 4. Percent changes in serum bone-specific alkaline phosphate (BAP) and urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide of I collagen (NTX) levels between the groups over- and under- 5 y. after menopause in women. 17) 18 18) ml1 SFATC TC24 mg/1mltc1 TCTC BAPNTX 131

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