Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Acetate, in pediatric surgical patients, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), immune-modulating nutrition in, Aerobic glycolysis, 644 Amino acid, metabolism of, in critically ill and injured patients, Anorexia, pathogenic mechanisms of, Antibiotic locks, in prevention/treatment of IFALD in neonates and children, Antioxidant vitamins, for critically ill and injured patients, 584 ARDS. See Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Arginine, for critically ill and injured patients, 583 B BCAAs, for critically ill and injured patients, 584 Biliary atresia, in pediatric surgical patients, nutritional support for, Bloodstream infections, catheter-related, in neonates and children, prevention/treatment of, 552 Burn injury(ies) hyperglycemia after, severe feeding of patients with, nutritional requirements, nutritional support, overfeeding, timing of, hormonal response to, 617 metabolic changes after, pharmacologic treatment of, C Cachexia clinical nutrition and, advances in, malnutrition and, of cancer, clinical nutrition and, advances in, metabolic pathophysiology of, 656 nutritional problems associated with, nutritional support with, Calcium, in pediatric surgical patients, 526 Cancer cachexia of, See also Cachexia, of cancer. Surg Clin N Am 91 (2011) doi: /s (11) surgical.theclinics.com /11/$ see front matter ª 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2 720 Index Cancer (continued) elderly patient with, nutritional support of, myostatin in, nutritional support for patients with, challenges and controversies related to, proteolysis in, Carbohydrates, in pediatric surgical patients, 514 Carnitine, in pediatric surgical patients, Catheter(s) antibiotic-coated, in prevention/treatment of IFALD in neonates and children, 552 bloodstream infections related to, in neonates and children, prevention/treatment of, 552 Children growth in, normal, 511 IFALD in, See also Intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD), in neonates and children. surgery in. See Pediatric surgical patients. Chloride, in pediatric surgical patients, Critical care, nutrition in, historical background of, Critically ill patients nutritional support in, See also Nutritional support, in critically ill and injured patients. glycemia controversy in, stress response in, Critically injured patients nutritional support in, See also Nutritional support, in critically ill and injured patients. stress response in, Cytokine(s) in jury response, 471 in sepsis, 643 D Drug(s), liver disease due to, ursodeoxycholic acid for, E ECFs. See Enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs). Elderly cancer in, nutritional support for, nutritional support in, 689 Electrolyte(s), in pediatric surgical patients, Energy expenditure, in surgical patients management, Energy requirements, in pediatric surgical patients, Enteral nutrition in pediatric surgical patients, See also Pediatric surgical patients, enteral nutrition in. in prevention/treatment of IFALD in neonates and children, in short bowel syndrome management,

3 Index 721 Enteroatmospheric fistula (EAFs) challenges related to, 485 deep, management of, management of, abdominal wall reconstruction in, superficial, management of, 486 Enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs) classification of, history of, management of, anatomic definition and decision in, 484 definitive operation in, 485 recognition and stabilization in, Ethanol locks, in prevention/treatment of IFALD in neonates and children, F Failure to thrive, in pediatric surgical patients, nutritional support for, 533 Fat, in pediatric surgical patients, Fat/glucose switch, Fatty acids, omega-3, for critically ill and injured patients, 584 Fistula(s) enteroatmospheric. See Enteroatmospheric fistula (EAFs). enterocutaneous. See Enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs). Fluids and electrolytes, in pediatric surgical patients, G Gastrointestinal tract surgery, immunonutrition in, Glucagon-like peptide 1, for hyperglycemia after burn injury, 620 Glutamine, for critically ill and injured patients, Glycemia, in critically ill patients, nutritional support related, Glycolysis, aerobic, 644 H Head and neck cancer described, malnutrition associated with, morbidity and mortality associated with, nutritional deficiency associated with, assessment of, nutritional management of patients with, modalities of, Hormone(s) in sepsis, 643 nutritional support and, 642 stress, in injury response, Hormone-cytokine connection, in injury response, Hyperglycemia, after burn injury, Hyperlactatemia, defined, I IFALD. See Intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD). Immune-modulating nutrition, in ARDS and sepsis,

4 722 Index Immunologic assays, in surgical patients management, Immunomodulation, 582 Immunonutrition, 582 Injury metabolic response to, history of, stress catabolism in, neuroendocrine response to, Insulin, for hyperglycemia after burn injury, Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), for severe burn injuries, Intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD), in neonates and children, causes of, 544 clinical features of, 545 diagnosis of, differential diagnosis of, 546 prevalence of, 544 prevention/treatment of, enteral nutrition in, operative interventions in, parenteral nutrition in, pharmacologic strategies in, sepsis management in, transplantation in, prognosis of, 544 risk factors for, Intestinal transplantation in prevention/treatment of IFALD in neonates and children, in short bowel syndrome management, Iron dextran, in pediatric surgical patients, 526 L Liver biopsy, in IFALD in neonates and children, Liver disease drug-induced, ursodeoxycholic acid for, intestinal failure associated, in neonates and children, See also Intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD), in neonates and children. Liver failure adjuvant nutritional management of patients with, described, 565 nutritional assessment in, 568 Liver transplantation in prevention/treatment of IFALD in neonates and children, nutrition in, M Malignancy, of head and neck, nutritional management of patients with, Malnutrition

5 Index 723 cachexia and, causes of, modern theories on, genesis of, Mediator(s), in sepsis, 643 Metformin, for hyperglycemia after burn injury, 619 Milk, in pediatric surgical patients, 519, 523 Minerals, in pediatric surgical patients, 515 Myostatin, in sepsis and cancer, N Neonate(s), IFALD in, See also Intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD), in neonates and children. Neuroendocrine system, injury response of, cytokines in, 471 hormone-cytokine connection in, stress hormones in, Nitrogen, metabolism of, in critically ill and injured patients, 581 Nucleotide(s), for critically ill and injured patients, Nutrition immune-modulating, in ARDS and sepsis, parenteral. See Parenteral nutrition. Nutritional support adjuvant, of patients with liver failure, evidence-based, in critically ill and injured patients, for head and neck cancer, hormonal environment and, 642 in ARDS and sepsis, immune-modulating nutrition, in cancer patients, challenges and controversies related to, in critically ill and injured patients, , amino acid metabolism, BCAAs, 584 evidence-based nutritional support, gastrointestinal tract surgery, immunonutrition in, glycemia controversy in, historical background of, key nutrients, omega-3 fatty acids, 584 protein and nitrogen metabolism, 581 in liver transplantation, in pediatric surgical patients, in sepsis, in short bowel syndrome management, in the elderly, 689 with cancer, metabolic pathways in, 642 of surgical patients, Nutritional support teams, primacy of,

6 724 Index O Obesity, in pediatric surgical patients, nutritional support for, 533 Omega-3 fatty acids, for critically ill and injured patients, 584 Oxandrolone, for severe burn injuries, 618 P Parenteral nutrition in pediatric surgical patients, See also Pediatric surgical patients, parenteral nutrition in. in prevention/treatment of IFALD in neonates and children, of surgical patients, Pediatric surgical patients biliary atresia in, nutritional support for, critically ill, nutritional support for, 531 enteral nutrition in, administration of, 519 complications of, delivery modalities, 518 formulas, human milk, 519, 523 indications for, 518 failure to thrive in, nutritional support for, 533 nutritional assessment of, 512 nutritional requirements in, carbohydrates, 514 energy requirements, fat, minerals, 515 protein, trace elements, 515 vitamins, 515 water, 513 nutritional support in, problems related to, obesity in, nutritional support for, 533 parenteral nutrition in, administration of, 529 complications of, components of, fluids and electrolytes in, indications for, 524 requirements of, postoperative nutrition in, indications for, preoperative nutrition in, indications for, 529 short bowel syndrome in, nutritional support for, special care needs children, nutritional support for, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), for hyperglycemia after burn injury, 620 Phosphate, in pediatric surgical patients, 526

7 Index 725 Potassium, in pediatric surgical patients, 525 Propranolol, for severe burn injuries, 618 Protein(s) in pediatric surgical patients, in surgical patients management, 476 metabolism of, in critically ill and injured patients, 581 Proteolysis, in sepsis and cancer, R Recombinant human growth hormone (rhgh), for severe burn injuries, 617 Refeeding syndrome, S Sepsis cytokines in, 643 hormones in, 643 immune-modulating nutrition in, management of, in prevention/treatment of IFALD in neonates and children, mediators in, 643 myostatin in, nutritional support for patients with, proteolysis in, Short bowel syndrome described, , in neonates and children, management of, 544 in pediatric surgical patients, nutritional support for, management of, complication prevention in, intestinal transplantation in, maintain nutritional status in, maximize enteral nutrient absorption in, medical rehabilitation in, preserve intestinal remnant length in, surgical rehabilitation in, Sodium, in pediatric surgical patients, 525 Special care needs, children with, nutritional support for, Starvation, modern theories on, genesis of, Stress catabolism, in injury response, Stress hormones, in injury response, Stress response, Surgical patients, metabolic considerations in management of, energy expenditure, immunologic assays, protein requirements, 476 transcription factors, T Total enteral nutrition, in surgical patients, vs. total parenteral nutrition, Total parenteral nutrition

8 726 Index Total parenteral (continued) development of, historical highlights of, evolution of, 642 in surgical patients, vs. total enteral nutrition, legacies of, Trace elements, in pediatric surgical patients, 515 Trace minerals, for critically ill and injured patients, 584 Transcription factors, in surgical patients management, Transplantation intestinal in prevention/treatment of IFALD in neonates and children, in short bowel syndrome management, liver in prevention/treatment of IFALD in neonates and children, nutrition in, U Ursodeoxycholic acid, in prevention/treatment of IFALD in neonates and children, V Vitamin(s) antioxidant, for critically ill and injured patients, 584 in pediatric surgical patients, 515 W Water, in pediatric surgical patients, 513