Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Adaptive immune response biologic response modifiers and, S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for hepatitis, Albinterferon for hepatitis, 824 Anti-ID mabs. See Anti-infectious disease (anti-id) monoclonal antibodies (mabs) Anti-infectious disease (anti-id) monoclonal antibodies (mabs) scientific and technological basis for generation of, Anti-inflammatory mediators, Anti-TNF therapy adjuvant in tuberculosis, Antibody(ies) monoclonal in infectious diseases, See also Monoclonal antibodies Antimicrobial peptides in infectious diseases, 729 Arthritis rheumatoid vaccines in, ASIA (autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome) adjuvants and, Autoimmune diseases vaccines in, Autoimmunity described, B Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine as biologic response modifier, Bacterial infections biologic response modifiers role in, polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in management and prevention of, BCG vaccine. See Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine Biologic response modifiers, adaptive immune response and, described, endogenous Infect Dis Clin N Am 25 (2011) doi: /s (11) /11/$ see front matter ª 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. id.theclinics.com

2 912 Biologic (continued ) chemokines, examples of, in infectious diseases pathogenesis, interferons, interleukins, 738 in infections bacterial infections, fungal infections, HIV, HIV and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, 743 mycobacteria, parasitic infections, 746 role of, sepsis syndrome, viral infections, in infectious diseases chemokines and chemokine modulators, colony-stimulating factors, 728 cytokine immunomodulators, 724 cytokine inhibitors, described, interferons, overview of, synthetic immodulators, targeting CCR5 and CXCR4, innate immune response and, mycobacteria and, relevance and repercussions of, for tuberculosis, DNA vaccine, 880 high-dose IVIG, hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors, 882 IL-2, interferons, 881 minerals, 883 Mycobacterium vaccae, 881 Mycobacterium w, 882 RUTI, 881 steroids, 882 TGF-b, 881 vitamins A and D, vaccine adjuvants as, vaccines as, See also Vaccine(s), as biologic response modifiers C Cancer vaccines as biologic response modifiers BCG vaccine,

3 Cardiovascular diseases vaccines as immunotherapy in, CCR5 in infectious diseases, Cell-mediated immunity, CFS. See Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) Chemokine(s) as endogenous biologic modifier, in infectious diseases, as inflammatory mediator, in mycobacterial infections, 871 Chemokine modulators in infectious diseases, Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), age at onset of, 852 causes of, exercise, 855 gene expression, 854 immune system, 854 infections, 853 neuroendocrine factors, personality and lifestyle, defined, 851 diagnosis of, 852 origin of, 852 pathophysiology of, 852 prevalence of, prognosis of, treatment of, Clostridium difficile infection polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in, CMV infection. See Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection Coagulation pathway products, anticoagulant mechanisms of, Coccicidioidomycosis TNF-a antagonists in, Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) described, in infectious diseases, 728 in infectious diseases management and prevention, G-CSF, GM-CSF, M-CSF, 811 Complement(s) as inflammatory mediators, 840 Complement pathway as inflammatory mediator, 840 CSFs. See Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) CXCR4 in infectious diseases,

4 914 Cytokine(s) as inflammatory mediator, in mycobacterial infections, Cytokine immunomodulators in infectious diseases, 724 Cytokine inhibitors in infectious diseases, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in HSCT polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in, 779 in solid organ transplantation polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in, D Defensins in infectious diseases, 729 Diabetes mellitus vaccines as immunotherapy in, Diphtheria polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in, 777 DNA vaccine for tuberculosis, 880 E Enzyme(s) as inflammatory mediator, Exercise CFS due to, 855 F Fungal infections biologic response modifiers role in, G G-CSF. See Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) Gene expression CFS due to, 854 Genital infections IFNs for, Genital warts IFNs for, Globulin(s) hyperimmune

5 915 in infectious diseases management and prevention, See also Hyperimmune globulins, in infectious diseases management and prevention GM-CSF. See Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in infectious diseases management and prevention for febrile neutropenia in patients with malignancy, infection prevention and treatment in nonneutropenic patients, 809 infection prevention in patients with nonmalignant neutropenia, primary prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia and malignancy, secondary prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia and malignancy, 807 Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in infectious diseases management and prevention, in mycobacterial infections, 875 Granuloma formation of in mycobacterial infections, Granulomatous infections TNF-a antagonists in, H Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) CMV in polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in, 779 Hepatitis A polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in, B IFNs for, 823 polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in, 780 C IFNs for, IFNs for, Histoplasmosis TNF-a antagonists in, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) biologic response modifiers role in, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and biologic response modifiers role in, 743 HSCT. See Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors for tuberculosis, 882 Hyperimmune globulins in infectious diseases management and prevention, adverse effects of, 781 bacterial infections, route of administration of, viral infections,

6 916 I IFN-g. See Interferon-g (IFN-g) Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome HIV and biologic response modifiers role in, 743 Immune response adaptive biologic response modifiers and, innate biologic response modifiers and, Immune system as factor in CFS, 854 Immunity cell-mediated, Immunoglobulin(s) intravenous high-dose polyclonal in infectious diseases management and prevention, See also Polyclonal immunoglobulins, in infectious diseases management and prevention Infection(s). See also specific types biologic response modifiers in role of, See also Biologic response modifiers, in infections CFS due to, 853 Infectious diseases biologic response modifiers in overview of, See also Biologic response modifiers, in infectious diseases CSFs for, See also Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), in infectious diseases management and prevention hyperimmune globulins for, See also Hyperimmune globulins, in infectious diseases management and prevention IFNs for, See also Interferon(s), for infectious diseases monoclonal antibodies in, pathogenesis of endogenous biologic response modifiers in, See also Biologic response modifiers, endogenous, in infectious diseases pathogenesis polyclonal immunoglobulins for, See also Polyclonal immunoglobulins, in infectious diseases management and prevention prevention of CSFs in, See also Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), in infectious diseases management and prevention hyperimmune globulins in, See also Hyperimmune globulins, in infectious diseases management and prevention polyclonal immunoglobulins in, See also Polyclonal immunoglobulins, in infectious diseases management and prevention Innate immune response biologic response modifiers and, Interferon(s) available commercially,

7 917 described, as endogenous biologic modifier, for infectious diseases, genital infections and warts, hepatitis, investigational agents, respiratory virus infection, as vaccine adjuvants, in infectious diseases, Interferon-g (IFN-g) in mycobacterial infections, 867, , 874 Interferon inducers available commercially, Interferon-l for hepatitis, 825 Interleukin(s) as endogenous biologic modifier, 738 in mycobacterial infections, 870, for tuberculosis IL-2, Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) high-dose L Lifestyle as factor in CFS, Lipid mediators/lipoproteins as inflammatory mediators, 841 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding proteins as inflammatory mediators, 841 LPS. See Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) M M-CSF. See Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) mabs. See Monoclonal antibodies (mabs) Macrophage(s) in tuberculosis, Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in infectious diseases management and prevention, 811 Malignancy(ies) neutropenia and G-CSF in, Minerals for tuberculosis, 883 Monoclonal antibodies (mabs) anti-id scientific and technological basis for generation of,

8 918 Monoclonal (continued ) antibacterial and antitoxin in clinical development, antiviral in clinical development, in infectious diseases, MS. See Multiple sclerosis (MS) Multiple sclerosis (MS) vaccines in, Mycobacteria, biologic response modifiers role in, , innate immune mechanisms against, 868 in tuberculosis, Mycobacterial infections cell-mediated immunity in, chemokines in, 871 cytokines in, granuloma formation in, IFN-g in, 867 interleukins in, 870 nontuberculous TNF-a and risk of, TNF-a in, 867 TNF-a inhibitors in, toll-like receptors in, 868 Mycobacterium spp. M. vaccae M. w for tuberculosis, 882 N Neuroendocrine factors in CFS, Neutropenia malignancy and G-CSF in, Neutrophils against mycobacteria, 868 Nitric oxide as inflammatory mediator, 841 Nonkiller (NK) cells against mycobacteria, 868 Nramp against mycobacteria, 868 P Parasitic infections biologic response modifiers role in, 746

9 919 Peptide(s) antimicrobial in infectious diseases, 729 Personality as factor in CFS, Polyclonal immunoglobulins in infectious diseases management and prevention, adverse effects of, 781 bacterial infections, route of administration of, viral infections, Prostvac-VFP as biologic response modifier, 762 Protease(s) as inflammatory mediator, Protein(s) C anticoagulant mechanisms of, LPS binding as inflammatory mediators, 841 R Rabies polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in, 781 Recombinant activated protein C in sepsis syndrome human studies of, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in, 781 Respiratory virus infection IFNs for, Rheumatoid arthritis vaccines in, RSV infection. See Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection RUTI S SAMe. See S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) Sepsis. See also Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) immunomodulatory strategies in, 845 polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in, pathogens in recognition of, Sepsis syndrome biologic response modifiers role in, recombinant activated protein C in,

10 920 Sipuleucel-T as biologic response modifier, SIRS. See Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) Solid organ transplantation CMV in polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in, Steroids nontuberculous mycobacterial infections due to risk of, 880 for tuberculosis, 882 Synthetic immodulators in infectious diseases, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) described, mediators of, chemokines, coagulation pathway products, complement and complement pathway, 839 cytokines, enzymes, proteases, release of, 838 T Toll-like receptors in mycobacterial infections, 868 Toxic shock syndrome polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in, 776 Tuberculosis adjuvant anti-tnf therapy in, biologic response modifiers for, See also specific types and Biologic response modifiers, for tuberculosis described, 865 immunology of, incident cases of management of, 900 latent diagnosis and treatment of, macrophages in, mycobacteria, pathogenesis of, reactivation rates of, 865 TNF-a antagonists in, Tumor growth factor-b (TGF-b) Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) in mycobacterial infections, 867, 870, 874

11 921 Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) antagonists, in coccicidioidomycosis, described, in granulomatous infections, in histoplasmosis, infection surveillance with, 894 in mycobacterial infections, nontuberculous mycobacterial infections with risk of, for reactivation of latent infection vs. progression of new infection, 897 in serious infections, 895 structure-function relationship of, 898 in tuberculosis, latent, for viral infections, V Vaccine(s) as biologic response modifiers, in autoimmune diseases, cancer vaccines, in MS, prostvac-vf, 762 in rheumatoid arthritis, sipuleucel-t, described, as immunotherapy in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus, Vaccine adjuvants as biologic response modifiers, described, IFNs as, Varicella polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in, Viral infections biologic response modifiers role in, polyclonal immunoglobulins and hyperimmune globulins in management and prevention of, TNF-a antagonists in, Vitamin(s) A for tuberculosis, D for tuberculosis, W Wart(s) genital IFNs for,