Catherine Bondonno. School of Medicine and Pharmacology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences
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1 Catherine Bondonno School of Medicine and Pharmacology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Catherine has had an extensive and varied career in science. Since graduating from the University of Witwatersrand, South Africa, with a Masters in Microbiology she has worked as a consulting industrial microbiologist both in South Africa and New Zealand. She enjoyed her time as a research associate for Genesis Research and Development, New Zealand, looking for novel therapeutics for new drug therapies. Since coming to Australia she has lectured in the fields of biochemistry, microbiology, pharmacology and laboratory techniques. Over the years she has developed an interest in nutrition and the prevention of disease and she has combined this interest with her love of science in a PhD looking at the effects of dietary factors on nitric oxide and its functional outcomes in relation to cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death in Australia.
2 The UWA Institute of Agriculture Heart health benefits of apples By Catherine Bondonno Supervisors: Prof Jonathan Hodgson; Prof Kevin Croft; Assoc Prof Michael Considine
3 Heart health benefits of apples First study to show flavonoid-rich apples improve nitric oxide status and endothelial function Cardiovascular health Natural and low cost approach
4 Acknowledgements Supervisors: Prof Jonathan Hodgson Prof Kevin Croft Dr Michael Considine Clinicians: Prof Ian Puddey Prof Trevor Redgrave Flow mediated dilatation: Lisa Rich Lab measurements: Robin Xingbin Adeline Indrawan Ewald Swinney Aidilla Murbarak Funding: ARC Linkage NHMRC Australian National Apple Breeding Program Nurse: Claude Backory Volunteers
5 Heart health benefits of apples
6 Heart health benefits of apples Cardiovascular disease (CVD): Leading cause of death in Australia Quality of life Australia s economy Epidemiological studies Phytochemicals, esp flavonoids
7 Heart health benefits of apples Flavonoids: Phytonutrient Secondary plant metabolites Polyphenols Positive effect on: endothelial function blood pressure atherosclerosis reduction in risk of CVD
8 Heart health benefits of apples Endothelium: Nitric Oxide (NO) S- nitrosothiols and nitrite 20-HETE Endothelin-1
9 Heart health benefits of apples Endothelial function and nitric oxide: Endothelial dysfunction Nitric oxide (NO) Dietary flavonoids augment NO status enhance endothelial function improve cardiovascular health
10 Heart health benefits of apples Apples: Source of flavonoids (esp. in skin) Popular Major contributor (-) epicatechin and quercetin glycosides Improved endothelial function and NO status?
11 Heart health benefits of apples Aim: to investigate the acute effect of flavonoidrich apples on endothelial function and NO status in healthy men and women
12 Participants Healthy volunteers Exclusion criteria Telephone screening Face to face screening
13 Baseline characteristics Mean±SD Age (years) 47.3±13.6 Weight (kg) 66.4±10.8 Body Mass Index (kg/m 2 ) 23.6±3.4 Systolic blood pressure (mmhg) 112.2±11.5 Diastolic blood pressure (mmhg) 68.3±7.8 Total cholesterol (mmol/l) 5.1±0.7 Triglyceride (mmol/l) 1.0±0.4 High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/l) 1.6±0.36 Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/l) 3.1±0.6 Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) 5.1±0.4
14 Study design Randomised, controlled, cross-over trial High flavonoid active Low flavonoid control Low flavonoid control High flavonoid active
15 Flavonoid composition of apple Polyphenol Apple control (apple flesh) mg/dose (500 kj) Apple active (apple flesh+skin) mg/dose (500 kj) Quercetin glycosides Free Quercetin <0.1 4 Total Quercetin (-)-Epicatechin Chlorogenic acid 44 44
16 Study day plan 8:00 Breakfast + apple 12:00 Lunch + apple 1:40 Blood pressure (100 min) 2:00 Flow mediated dilatation 2:20 2:30 3:20 Blood sample Blood pressure (150 min) Blood pressure (200 min) S-nitrosothiols Nitrite 20-HETE Endothelin-1
17 Flow mediated dilatation
18 Nitric Oxide Status Plasma S-nitrosothiols nmol/l Control P<0.001 Apple
19 Nitric Oxide Status Plasma nitrite nmol/l Control P<0.001 Apple
20 Flow mediated dilatation P< % % Control Apple Control Apple Time (seconds)
21 Blood pressure Systolic blood pressure Diastolic blood pressure mm Hg 110 mm Hg Control Apple Control Apple Pulse pressure mm Hg Control Apple
22 20-HETE and Endothelin-1 20-HETE Endothelin pmol/l 250 pg/ml Control Apple Control Apple
23 Heart health benefits of apples Conclusions: Flavonoid-rich apples improve nitric oxide status and endothelial function Factors which may benefit cardiovascular health Natural and low cost approach to reducing the cardiovascular risk profile of the general population
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