Quality Grain Management Effects on the Feed Industry. Ben Weaver Regional Account Manager

Transcription

1 Quality Grain Management Effects on the Feed Industry Ben Weaver Regional Account Manager

2 Topics to Cover What are mycotoxins How are they created What effects do mycotoxins have on animals when consumed How to check and have preventative measures for molds and mycotoxins What is the business impact?

3 Molds and Mycotoxins Aspergillus Aflatoxin B 1 Zearalenone Penicillium Ochratoxin A Fusarium T2 Toxin - DON

4 Contributors To Mycotoxin Contamination Weather Conditions Environmental Handling / Equipment Storage

5 Many Critical Control Points to Monitor Source:

6 Mycotoxins Are Found Around The Globe

7 Co-occurrence of mycotoxins is common

8 Effects of Mycotoxins on the Animal and Business Malabsorption of nutrients Decrease in immunocompetence Reproduction problems Infertility Organ Damage Cancer

9 Aflatoxin Feeding Guidelines FDA Action Levels for Aflatoxin in Human Food, Animal Feed, and Animal Feed Ingredients Intended Use Grain, Grain By-Product, Feed or Other Aflatoxin Level (parts per billion) Human consumption Milk 0.5 p.p.b. (Aflatoxin M1) Human consumption Foods, peanuts and peanut products 20 p.p.b. Immature animals Corn, peanut products and other animal feeds and and ingrediants 20 p.p.b. Dairy Animals Breeding Cattle, breeding swine, and mature poultry Finishing Swine 100 lb or greater Finishing (i.e., feedlot) beef cattle Beef, cattle, swine, or poultry, regardless of age, or breeding status Corn, peanut products and other animal feeds and and ingrediants Corn and peanut products Corn and peanut products Corn and peanut products Cottonseed meal 20 p.p.b. 100 p.p.b. 200 p.p.b 300 p.p.b. 300 p.p.b.

10 Vomitoxin Feeding Guidelines FDA Action Levels for Vomitoxin Intended Use Grain, Grain By-Product, Feed or Other Vomitoxin Level in grains and Complete Diet** (parts per million) Human consumption Finished wheat products 1 p.p.m. Swine Grain, Grain By-Products not to exceed 20% of diet 5 p.p.m. (1 p.p.m)** Chickens Grain, Grain By-Products not to exceed 50% of diet 10 p.p.m. (5p.p.m)** Ruminating beef and Feedlot cattle older than 4 months Grain, Grain By-Products * 10 p.p.m. (10p.p.m)** Ruminating dairy cattle older than 4 months Grain, Grain By-Products not to exceed 50% of diet* 10 p.p.m. (5p.p.m)** Ruminating beef and feedlot cattle older than 4 months, and Ruminating dairy cattle older than 4 months Distillers grains, brewers grains, gluten feeds, and gluten meals* 30 p.p.m. (10p.p.m beef/feedlot)** (5p.p.m. dairy)** All other Animals Grain, Grain By-Products not to exceed 40% of diet 5 p.p.m. (2p.p.m)** 88% dry matter basis **Complete diet figures shown within parentheses

11 Fumonisin Feeding Guidelines FDA Guidence Levels for Fumonisin in Animal Feed Class of Animal Grain, Grain By-Products Fumonisin Level in grains and Complete Diet (parts per million) Horse and Rabbit Swine and Catfish Breeding Ruminants, Breeding Poultry Ruminants Older Than 3 Months eing Raised for Slaughter Poultry being raised for slaughter Corn and corn by-products not to exceed 20% of the diet** Corn and corn by-products not to exceed 50% of the diet** Corn and corn by-products not to exceed 50% of the diet** Corn and corn by-products not to exceed 50% of the diet** Corn and corn by-products not to exceed 50% of the diet** 5 p.p.m. (1 p.p.m) 20 p.p.m. (10 p.p.m) 30 p.p.m. (15p.p.m) 60 p.p.m. (30p.p.m) 100 p.p.m. (50p.p.m) All Other Species or Classes of Livestock and Pet Animals Corn and corn by-products not to exceed 50% of the diet** 10 p.p.m. (5 p.p.m) *Includes lactating Dairy cattle and hens laying eggs for human consumption **Dry weight basis

12 Mycotoxin Limits in Feed Mixing Instructions wp-content/uploads/ NGFAComplianceGuide- FDARegulatoryGuidance formycotoxins pdf

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16 What Can Be Done? Prevention Is Key! Test and Control

17 Optimal Temperatures for Growth of Molds Commonly Associated with Feed Grains Temperature, F Aspergillus (growth) Penicillium (growth) T-2 toxin production Optimum Optimum Fusarium (growth) Hill, R. A., D. M. Wilson, W. W. McMillian, N. W. Widstrom, R. J. Cole, T. H. Sanders and Blankenship (1984) Ecology of the Aspergillus group and aflatoxin formation in maize and ground nuts from Tricothecenes and other Mycotoxins, ed. by J. Lacy, J. Wiley and Sons, pp 79-95; Storage of Cereal Grains and their Products (1982) ed. by C. M. Christensen, Amer. Assoc. Cereal Chem., St. Paul, Minn., pp 1-544; Bullerman, L. B., L. L. Schroeder and K. Y. Park (1984) J. Food Protection 47: ; and Rabie, C. J., E. W. Sydenham, P. G. Thiel, A. Lubben and W. F. O. Marasas (1986) App. and Envir. Microbiol. 52:

18 Efficacy of Organic Acid to Inhibit Growth of Molds From: Pelhate, J Stabilisation de la mycoflore de maïs-grains Humides ensilés. Ann. Tech. Agric. 22:

19 Efficacy of Propionic Acid to Inhibit Growth of Molds From: Higgins, C. and F. Brinkhaus Efficacy of several organic Acids against molds. J. Applied Poultry Res. 8:

20 Research with Pigs Virginia Diversified Research Corporation FloMatrix added at the rate of 5 lb./ton Because of factors outside of PMI Nutritional Additives control, individual results to be obtained, including but not limited to: financial performance, animal condition, health or performance cannot be predicted or guaranteed by PMI Nutritional Additives.

21 Reduction in Energy Content in Feed and what it does to the Animal 1 Corn Quality Soybean Oil Level Weight Gain 2 Metabolizable Energy (kcal/kg diet) Good 1 767±7 a 2576±6 b Moldy 1 713±8 b 2431±14 c Moldy 2 728±13 b 2552±7 b Moldy 4 762±10 a 2889±12 a a,b,c Values followed by different letters differ significantly (p<0.05). 1 When more than 1% oil was used, it was added at the expense of the basalt. 2 Mean ± SE of 30 chicks. Bartov, I., N. Paster and N. Lisher (1982) Poultry Science 61:

22 Effects of Mycotoxins: Reproductive Problems Treatment Hatchability (%) Control (basal diet) abca aa aba bcda Basal ppm zearalenone F. roseum abb 35.5 bc bb bb Basal ppm pure zearalenone aa aa aa aa abcd Means within a row with different lower case superscript letters differ (P<0.05). The mean standard error between periods within treatments was 7.8. ABC Means within a column with different upper case superscript letters differ (P<0.05). The mean standard error between treatments within periods was Values represent the mean of 10 individually fed turkey females for 2-week periods. Allen, N. K., A. Peggri, C. J. Microcha and J. A. Newman (1983) Poul. Sci. 62:

23 Microbial Control Points Ingredients grains Handling Bin cleaning Storage Grinding Mixing Feed trucks On-Farm

24 Determining Mold & Mycotoxin Hot Spots Distributor Screener Distributor Ingredient Bins Feed Bins Ingredient Truck Grinder Mixer Bagger Pellet Mill Farm Bins Cooler Feed Truck Source: IMG-KANA-00195

25 Business Impact Testing vs. Not Testing Cost of poor risk management What is 1 to 2 % worth? Value Added Products Market Segmentation Demands (FSMA) Recall on contaminated products Cost of Binders Testing More Efficiently Better Merchandising Capabilities Rate of Gain on Animals Fed Better Reproduction Better Health

26 Testing Produces Data That Drives Business Decisions Without Testing, No Information To Support Segregation / Acceptance Testing Provides Information To Drive Business Decisions $$$$ $$$ $$ $ -$$ Not hitting contract specs; incur additional transportation expense Taking lesser contracts to avoid rejection; not getting maximum value for good grain +$$ Ability to hit a wide variety of contract specs; opens more markets; reduces transportation costs

27 How Do Mycotoxins Impact Business (Corn) Fast, Accurate, Decision Point Answers Are Key To Driving Operational Efficiencies And A Healthy Bottom Line

28 Errors Can Be Introduced At Various Steps In The Testing Process Sample Extract Dilute Run, Read & Record

29 Errors Can Be Introduced At Various Steps In The Testing Process Sample Extract Dilute Run, Read & Record

30 Errors Can Be Introduced At Various Steps In The Testing Process Sample Extract Dilute Run, Read & Record

31 Errors Can Be Introduced At Various Steps In The Testing Process Sample Extract Dilute Run, Read & Record

32 Errors Can Be Introduced At Various Steps In The Testing Process Sample Extract Dilute Run, Read & Record

33 Errors Can Be Introduced At Various Steps In The Testing Process Sample Extract Dilute Run, Read & Record

34 Errors Can Be Introduced At Various Steps In The Testing Process Sample Extract Dilute Run, Read & Record

35 Common Extraction & Run Time Can Help Reduce Some Of These Errors

36 By Consolidating Steps Across Multiple Assays Sample Extract Dilute Run, Read & Record Use One Sample To Create One Extract That Allows You To Test DON, Afla & FUM And Run, Read & Record at One Time 3 Results in 8 Minutes

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