(Disinfectants) : Evaluation of Some Commercial Disinfectants Against Some Pathogens in Presence of Interfering Substances.

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1 (Disinfectants) NO : 233 : Evaluation of Some Commercial Disinfectants Against Some Pathogens in Presence of Interfering Substances. : Reem-Dosoky, M.; A.H. Hafez; A.S. Sotohy and Hosnia-Swaify, A. : Dept. of Animal Hygiene, Fac. Vet. Med., Assiut Univ. BULLETIN : Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 43, No. 86, July The bactericidal activities of five chemical disinfectants against Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacterial species were conducted at various concentrations in absence and presence of 2% bovine albumin as an interfering substance. The evaluated disinfectants are, quaternary ammonium compounds (Quaternary active sterilizer); quaternary ammonium compounds with glutaraldhyde (Th4+); phenolic compound (Tek-Trol) and two iodine compounds (Biocide-30 and Iodine active sterilizer). The obtained results revealed that, the neutralizer of choice for TH4+ and quaternary active sterilizer was letheen broth where its inhibition percentages of the tested organisms were non- significant and in the same time it, neutralize the disinfectant efficiency Moreover, a combination of 0.3% lecithin and 3% Tween 80 was the neutralizer of choice for phenolic compound (Tek Trol) while iodine compounds were effectively neutralized by 0.5% Sod. Thiosulphate. Concerning the bactericidal efficiencies, the results indicated that the recommended concentration of all used disinfectants completely destroyed S.pullorum within 5 minutes except iodine active sterilizer which required 5 minutes more. While, E.coli was completely destroyed within 10 min. by Iodine active sterilizer and 15 min. by both TH4+ and Biocide-30; Tek-Trol required 20 min., and quaternary active sterilizer required 30 min., 30 min. On the other hand, S.aureus was completely cleared out by TH4+ after 15 min., Tek-Trol after 25 min. while quaternary active sterilizer, Biocide-30 and Iodine active sterilizer were required 30 min. While quaternary active sterilizer, Biocide-30 and Iodine active sterilizer were required 30 min. These results indicate that, Gr-ve bacteria were highly sensitive to the action of disinfectants under test (S.pullorum). While G+ve organism showed less sensitivity. The results showed that quaternary ammonium ocmpounds, phenolic compounds are not affected by the presence of organic matter in contrast to the iodine compound which their efficiencies were drastically reduced in presence of the organic matter. In conclusion, removal of the organic materials and other interfering substances are of primary consideration before application of disinfectants in animal and poultry enclosures

2 Biological and Chemical Pollutants Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies (Fish) NO : 234 : Biogenic Histamine in Salted Fish. : R. M. Raid. : Dept. of Food Hygiene, Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut University. SOURCE : Thesis (Ph.D), Two hundreds samples of salted fish. Forty of each Hydrocynos froskalii, Alestes baremose, Alestes nurse (Molouha), Mugil cephalus (Fesiekh) and Sardin ella aurita (Sardins) were collected from Cairo and Assiut markets which examined chemically for determination of histamine level by T. L. C. method and HPLC. Analytical results by T. L. C. method reveal high level histamine than the permissible limit with percentage 2.5, 5, 10, 37.5 and 42.5 respectively while analytical results by HPLC revealed high level of histamine than the permissible limit with percentage zero, 2.5, 10, 42.5 and 45 respectively. Experimental study on the effect of salting process on histamine concentration in tissues of fish revealed increasing histamine concentration due to time elapsed during the process of salting as well as high temperature of storage

3 NO : 235 (Goat and Sheep) : Studies on the Effectiveness of Selective Insecticides for the Control of Mange Infesting Goat and Sheep. : Z. B. Gadalla : Dept. of Animal Med., Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut University. SOURCE : Thesis (Ph.D), The study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of mange on health status of both sheep and goat, evaluating the effectiveness of four selected pesticides in controlling mange infesting sheep and study the hazardous effect of the used pesticides on the health status of sheep and goat after treatment. Four existing pesticides were selected in this comparative studies namely diazinon, metriphonate, reldan and ivomee. The study revealed that mange adversely affect the health status of sheep and goat both clinically and haematologically. The significance of effectiveness of insecticides used for controlling mange varied according to the type and concentration used and also between species of animals. The results revealed that ivomce s/c was the pesticide of choice in the concentration of 1m1/50 kg LBW (s/c), followed by diazinon spray (1 m1/l) and metriphonate (1.5 g/l). On the other hand, reldan was not effective in controlling mange beside its clinical toxic effects especially in goat. NO : 236 (Plants) : Phytofungitoxic Properties in the Aqueous Extracts of Some Plants. : Abdel-Raouf M. Khallil : Botany Dept., Fac. of Sci., Assiut University. BULLETIN : Assiut J. of Agric., Sci., Vol. 32, No. 1, 2001 The effects of aqueous extracts of twenty plants on spore germination and vegetative growth of the two pathogenic terrestrial (Alternaria solani) and zoosporic (Saprolegnia parasitica) fungal species was examined. The extract of Eugenia aromatica completely inhibited the spore germination of A.solani and exerted a highly significant depressive effect on the mycelial growth of the two tested species. Also, the extracts of Allium cepa (bulbs), Eucalyptus rostrata (leaves) and Capsicum frutescens (fruits) exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects against these two fungi. Some of the tested plant extracts showed a promotive effect either on spore germination or mycelial dry weight. Zoosporic fungus was relatively more sensitive than the terrestrial one

4 Biological and Chemical Pollutants Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies (Salted Fish) NO : 237 : : M. S. Youssef, N. F. Abo-Dahab* and R. M. Farghaly** : Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag, South Valley University, Al- Azhar University (Assiut) and **Dept. Food Hygiene, Fac. Veterinary Medicine, South Valley Univ., Qena. BULLETIN : Bull. Fac. Sci., Assiut Univ. 30(2-D), P-P (2001) Chemical analysis of salted fish (Moloha) was analyzed in 60 samples collected from various moloha markets in Sohage, Qena and Aswan Governorates, Upper Egypt. Moloha contained 52.9% water content, while organic matter content represented 71.79% of dry weight and 33.81% ( ± 8.64 mg g -1 ) of fresh weight. Total salts and soluble salts represented 13.29% and 10.19% (132.88±7.65 and ±5.76 mg g -1 of fresh weight), respectively. ph value generally ranged between slightly acidic to relatively alkaline. The bacterial contamination was assayed in tested samples. Six pathogenic species were identified, of which Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aurous were the commonest. Enterotoxigenicity of Staphlococcus aureus isolates and diarrheal enterotoxin test of Bacillus cereus strains were carried out. Mycological investigation of samples examined revealed that fifty-five fungal species and one variety belonging to 11 genera were identified. The fungal genera of highest occurrence and their respective number of species were Aspergillus (A. flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, A. montevidensis A. ficuum, A. parasiticus and A. mangini) and Penicillium (P. citrinum, P. puberulum, P. aurantiogriseum and P. roquefortii). On the other hand, yeast represented 18.2% -dextrose agar and 15% NaC1- -dextrose agar media, respectively. The different samples were assayed for potential presence of mycotoxins. Ten out of 60 samples (16.7%) proved to be toxic. It is the first record of mycotoxins contamination of salted fish in Egypt. The ability of 340 isolated of recovered fungi was screened for production of mycotoxins and extracellular enzymes

5 (Soil) NO : 238 : Effectiveness of some Nitrification Inhibitors in Soils Amended with Sewage Sludge Compost. : Said Abbas Mohammed El-Sayed : Dept. of Soil and Water Sci., Fac. of Agric., Assiut, Al-Azhar University BULLETIN : Int. Conf. for Develop. and the Env. in the Arab World, March, 26-28, 2002 Nitrification inhibitors, which have been used to reduce fertilizer nitrogen losses from soils, may have potential for use with organic soil amendments such as sewage sludge compost. Effects of two nitrification inhibitors, N-Serve 24E [2- chloro (trichloromethyl) - pyridine] and [KEt X (Xanthates) potassium ethyl Xanthate] on nitrification were investi- gated in laboratory studies with silty loam soil, silty clay loam soil, and loamy sand soil. The soils were amended with sewage sludge compost at rates of 0, 43 and 86 g/kg and incubated at 25 o C, and at compost rates of 0 and 86 g/kg and incubated at 15 o C. In all soil-compost combinations at either incubation temperature, there were no significant differences between N-Serve and Xanthates as measured by NH 4 -N or NO 3 -N concentrations in the soil material. At least 83% inhibition of nitrification was observed in all soil-compost combinations following 130 days of incubation at 25 o C with the highest inhibitor rate of 44 µg/g. After 65 days of incubation at 15 o C, > 76% inhibition of nitrification was observed in all soil-compost combinations with the highest inhibitor rate of 9 µg/g. Generally NO 3 -N production decreased with increased inhibitor concentration and with decreased compost rate

6 Biological and Chemical Pollutants Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies (Soil) NO : 239 : Effect of some Ecological Factors and Heavy Metals on the Common Terrestrial Isopod Porcellionides Pruinosus (Oniscoidea : Porcellionidae) in Assiut, Egypt. : M. A. Hussein, A. H. Mohammad, Z.A. El-Bakary and K. F. Abd El-Wakeil : Dept of Zoology, Fac. of Sci., Assiut University. BULLETIN : Bull. Fac. Sci., Assiut Univ. 31(1-E), P-P (2002) Porcellionides pruinosus populations collected from four different sites were highly aggregated. Maximum density was encountered after recruitment during spring and summer, and minimum density was recorded in winter and autumn. In the four populations studied, the females outnumbered males. The females were polygravid producing two broods per year : one during spring and the other during autumn. The relationships of the abundance of males, females, gravid females and juveniles with the ecological factors and heavy metals in litter and soil were studied, and regression equations were calculated

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Investigation on Diversity, Distribution and Periodicity of Fungi in Shanthi Sagar Lake of Davangere District, Karnataka, India

Sengupta, M. and Dalwani, R. (Editors). 2008 Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12th World Lake Conference: 2009-2013 Investigation on Diversity, Distribution and Periodicity of Fungi in Shanthi Sagar Lake