Plants for the future: the development of functional foods for nutrition, health and well-being
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1 Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences Plants for the future: the development of functional foods for nutrition, health and well-being Carol Wagstaff 23 May 2011 University of Reading
2 A diverse array of plant bioactives OH OH MeO CH 2 OH HO O HO CH 2 OH OH OH Flavonoids (Fruit, veg.) Lignans, ferulic acid, isoflavones (seeds, cereals. legumes) OH OMe Carotenoids (Carrot, pepper, tomato) R N O S HO OSO - 3 OH OH OH Glucosinolates/ Isothiocyanates (cruciferous vegetables) HO OH Stilbenes (Wine, nuts) Organosulphur Compounds (Garlic, onions) OH 2
3 Food for your brain. A wide array of Fruits and vegetables Green & Black Tea: (Flavanols) Citrus: (Flavanone) Red wine: (Flavanol, Flavonols) Cocoa: (Flavanols and procyanidins) Berries: (Anthocyanins)
4 The functions of flavonoids Antioxidant effects Lower Blood Pressure Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Protect against neurodegeneration Inhibitors of Inflammation
5 Interactions with the architecture of memory and cognition Plant Bioactives Cell Signalling and Gene Expression Neuronal Morphology Vascular Effects Increased neuronal communication (synaptic plasticity) New nerve cell growth (neurogenesis)
6 Ways of improving levels of functional bioactives Plant breeding Cultivation methods Better postharvest handling and storage
7 Ways of improving levels of functional bioactives Plant breeding Cultivation methods Better postharvest handling and storage
8 Developing markers for plant breeding
9 Sesquiterpenoid lactones in lettuce Isoprene Responsible for the bitter taste of lettuce 15C chain, comprised of 3 isoprene units and lactone groups Lactucin Lactone groups
10 Function of sesquiterpenoid lactones In humans: Tumour treatments Tumour sensitisation CVD treatments Prevention of neurodegeneration Flu and burns In plants: Antimicrobial activity Allelopathy Anti-feedants UV protection Insecticides Predator attractors
11 L. serriola: methanol extraction, run on MictoTOF-Q (Q-TOF) Base peak chromatogram Intens. x Intens. [mau] 50 0 Intens. x Base peak chromatogram UV at 264 nm lactucin-15-oxalate WMeOH_3_01_709.d: BPC All MS WMeOH_3_01_709.d: UV Chromatogram, 264 nm WMeOH_3_01_709.d: EIC All MS Intens. 0 x Intens. 0 x Intens. 0.0 x Intens. 0 x Intens. 0.0 x lactucin 8-deoxylactucin 15-oxalate 15-p-hydroxyphenylacetyllactucin-8-sulfate Lactucopicrin-oxalate lactucopicrin WMeOH_3_01_709.d: EIC All MS WMeOH_3_01_709.d: EIC All MS WMeOH_3_01_709.d: EIC All MS WMeOH_3_01_709.d: EIC All MS WMeOH_3_01_709.d: EIC All MS Time [min]
12 Diversity in the population extends beyond the parents Lactucin-15-oxalate Lactucopicrin-15-oxalate
13 Ways of improving levels of functional bioactives Plant breeding Cultivation methods Better postharvest handling and storage
14 Rocket science Salad Rocket Eruca sativa Wild Rocket Diplotaxis tenufolia
15 Isorhamnetin concent (mg/100mg DW) Cyanidin concentr (mg/100g DW) Kaempferol concentr (mg/100mg DW) Flavonoid profiling: high and low light Flavonoid concentration (mg.g -1 DW) High light Quercitin Low light Flavonoid concentration (mg.g -1 DW) High light Kaempferol Low light Flavonoid concentration (mg.g -1 DW) High light Isorhamnetin Low light Flavonoid concentration (mg.g -1 DW) High light Anthocyanidin Low light Salad rocket Eruca sativa cv. Sky Wild rocket Diplotaxis tenufolia cv. Voyager
16 % transmission Effect of UV exposure on fruit and veg UV block UV low UV window UV block UV low UV window Data supplied by Evangelos Tsormpatsidis, University of Reading, UK Wavelength (nm) 7-span x 75m telescopic tunnel (Haygrove tunnels, UK) Films were kindly supplied by British Polythene Industries (BPI)
17 Lollo rosso red leaf lettuce
18 mg GAE / g FW Phenolics increase with higher UV exposure Lollo Rosso total phenolic content Block Standard Block Standard Window Block Standard Window Window Year 2 Year 3
19 Ways of improving levels of functional bioactives Plant breeding Cultivation methods Better postharvest handling and storage
20 Kaempferol concentration (mg/100 Cyanidin concentration (mg/100 Flavonoid profiling: postharvest storage Kaempferol concentration (mg.g -1 DW) 450 Kaempferol HL D0 HL D7 HL D14 Day 0 Day 7 Day14 Days of storage at 4 C LL D Sky 16 Voyager 14 Anthocyanidin concentration (mg.g -1 DW) LL D Anthocyanidin LL Day HL 0 D0 Day HL D7 7 Day HL 14 D14 D14 Days of storage at 4 C LL Salad rocket Eruca sativa cv. Sky Wild rocket Diplotaxis tenufolia cv. Voyager
21 25/02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/2008 Average temperature ( C) Postharvest management Pack-house Transit Sorting Basil Coriander Air freight Flat Parsley Produce reception Transport Arrival
22 Basil sensitive to poor postharvest management Ambient Cold Light Dark Cold/ dark has an adverse effect on the physical condition of Basil
23 Postharvest influence on flavour
24 The future for crop quality Yield, flavour, nutritional density and shelf life all have the potential for enhancement Some simple solutions possible to big challenges Feed the world / nuture the population
25 Harriet Trewin, Chenyi Yao Frances Gawthrop Carsten Müller Michael O Reilly Jerry Roberts Jackie Barker Sue Wellham Simona Cristescu Mathew Prestwich Ashley Hyde
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