S2 Biology. Topic 2: THE HUMAN BODY

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Curtis Atkinson
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1 S2 Biology. Topic 2: THE HUMAN BODY SCN 3-12a: I have explored the structure and function of organs and organ systems and can relate this to the basic biological processes required to sustain life SCN 4-12a: I can explain how biological actions which take place in response to external and internal changes work to maintain stable body conditions 47 Lesson Objectives (35 Level 3 & 13 Level 4) By the end of this topic you should be confident about the following statements. Use the traffic light columns to assess your understanding of each one. Level STATEMENT Red Amber Green RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 3 1. I can describe the positions and parts of the breathing system I can describe the function of the lungs I can state that oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide released in breathing I can describe the internal structure of the lungs I can describe gas exchange between body cells and surrounding capillaries. HEART AND CIRCULATION 3 6. I can identify the heart as a muscle that pumps blood around the body I can describe the function of red blood cells and plasma in the transport of respiratory gases and food I can describe the path of blood flow through the heart and its associated blood vessels I can describe the positions and function of the heart valves.

2 3 10. I can explain the difference in thickness of the walls of the ventricles I can state that the heart obtains its blood supply from coronary arteries I can state that blood leaves the heart in arteries, flows through capillaries and returns to the heart in veins I can state that the pulse indicates that blood is flowing through an artery. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM I can explain in simple terms why food is required by animals I can state that a healthy diet contains a balance of the 3 food types I know that in the digestive system food is taken into the body, nutrients are removed and waste is expelled I can state that digestion is the breakdown of large particles of food into smaller particles to allow absorption into the blood stream through the small intestine wall I can describe the role of different types of teeth in the mechanical breakdown of food in a herbivore, a carnivore and an omnivore such as a human I can identify the main parts of the alimentary canal and associated organs (mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, rectum and anus) I can explain how the structure of the small intestine is related to its function I know that food which cannot be further digested is passed on to the

3 large intestine where most of the water is removed I can state that different enzymes are responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats I can describe how movement is brought about by muscle contraction I know that food is chewed and mixed with saliva in the mouth I know that food passes down the gullet into the stomach I know that food is further broken down by acids in the stomach and passed to the small intestine I know that the lining of the small intestine contains specialised cells which extract food chemicals and these are passed around the body in the blood circulatory system I know the waste is stored in the rectum until disposed of I know that a healthy balanced diet is required for the digestive system to function effectively. Fibre (usually plant material) is a necessary part of the diet as it stimulates the system to function correctly. THE SENSES I can state that the eye s main components are the pupil, iris, lens, cornea, retina, optic nerve and I can state their functions I know that we see objects because light reflected from the object enters our eyes and is adjusted by the lens to form an image on the retina I know that limitations to the sense of sight can be caused by distance and the availability of light I can state that judgement of

4 distance is more accurate using 2 eyes than I know that optical illusions demonstrate that the sense of sight is not totally reliable I know some common eye problems colour blindness, short sight, long sight, astigmatism I know that correct diet and regular visits to the optician can help eyesight I know that spectacles, lenses and magnifiers are used as aids to vision I can state that the judgement of direction of sound is more accurate using 2 ears than I can identify the ear drum, middle ear bones, cochlea, auditory nerve, semi-circular canals and state their functions I can state that the nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves I can state that the nerves carry information from the senses to the Central Nervous System (CNS) and from the CNS to the muscles. 42. KIDNEY FUNCTION I can identify the ways in which mammals gain and lose water I can state that the kidneys are the main organs for regulating the water content in a mammal I can identify the positions and state the functions of the kidney, renal arteries, renal veins, ureter and bladder I can state that the essential kidney functions are filtration of blood and re-absorption of useful materials such as glucose.

5 4 47. I can state that urea is a waste product removed in the urine I can explain the implications of damage to the kidneys by accidents or disease. PS 49. I can PROCESS information by calculating a ratio. PS 50. I can PROCESS information by calculating a percentage PS 51. I can read the passage and SELECT information. PS 52. I can PRESENT information in a line graph. PS 53. I can SELECT information & describe the trend. PS 54. I can PROCESS information by calculating PERCENTAGE CHANGE/difference.

Human Body. The student knows that the human body is made of systems with structure and functions that are related.

Human Body. The student knows that the human body is made of systems with structure and functions that are related. Human Body The student knows that the human body is made of systems with structure and functions that are related. Cells Cells are the smallest living structures. All living things are made up of one or