Secondary 3 Final Exam Review

Transcription

1 Topics to know: Secondary 3 Final Exam Review - Technological/Material World o Mechanical functions (guiding, linking, sealing, lubricating) o Forces - Matter o Be able to identify chemical and physical changes Know the different types of chemical changes (synthesis, decomposition) o Know the particle model o Know the difference between compressible and incompressible fluids and where they are found in the body - Characteristic and non-characteristic properties: o Know which properties are considered characteristic to a substance and which are noncharacteristic o Be able to calculate the density of a substance (D=m/V) - Concentrations and solution o Understand how to calculate the concentration of a solution (C=m/V) o Be able to calculate a dilution (C 1V 1=C 2V 2) - Cellular organisation o Know the levels of organisation within the body (cell, tissue, organ, system, etc) - Respiratory system o Know the parts of the respiratory system and their functions o Know the path that air follows when breathing - Excretory system o Know the parts of the excretory system o Know its functions - Musculoskeletal system o Know the parts of the musculoskeletal system o Know its functions o Know the different types of muscle and where they can be found (cardiac, smooth, skeletal) o Know what antagonistic pairs of muscles are o Know when a muscle is contracting or relaxing 1

2 - Circulatory system o Know the parts of the circulatory system o Know its functions o Know which structures contain oxygenated and deoxygenated blood o Know which parts of the circulatory system are part of the pulmonary circulation (to and from the lungs) and part of the systemic system (to and from the rest of the body) o Know the different blood types and for each know who they can donate to and receive from o Know the constituents of blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets), be able to identify them and know their functions - Nervous system o Know the parts of the nervous system o Know its functions o Be able to label the parts of a neuron o Know the pathway followed by the reflex arc (sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, muscle, etc) - Sensory system o Know the parts of the ear and their functions o Know the parts of the eye and their functions o Know the different vision problems (myopia, hyperopia) and how to correct them - Digestive system o Know the parts of the digestive system and their functions - Nutrition o Know how to read a food label o Know the functions of the different nutrients (carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water) - Reproductive system o Know the parts of the reproductive system o Know its functions - Cell division o Know the difference between mitosis and meiosis 2

3 1. Which of the following structures is the most complex? a. Organ b. Cell c. Organism d. Tissue e. System 2. A patient has blood type AB+. In the table is a list of possible donors. Who could the patient receive blood from? a. Donors 1 and 2 b. Donors 2 and 3 c. Donors 1 and 3 d. Donor 4 Donor Blood Type 1 A+ 2 O- 3 B- 4 O+ 3. Which of the following structures is the least complex? a. Organ b. Cell c. Organism d. Tissue e. System 4. Which of the following fluids is compressible? a. Lymph b. Air c. Blood d. Mucus 5. If a patient is admitted to the hospital and has O+ blood type, which blood types can they receive from? 3

4 6. Explain natural selection. 7. A) Explain what a vaccine is and how it helps to fight disease B) Why are vaccines considered to provide active acquired immunity? 8. Provide an example of a body part that uses each of the three types of muscle: Muscle Type Cardiac Smooth Skeletal 9. Draw the particle model for each phase of matter Body Part Solid Liquid Gas 10. Place the following terms in order to indicate the path taken by a nerve impulse during a reflex. Central nervous system Muscle Motor nerves Sensory nerves Sensory receptor Stimulus

5 11. Indicate the names of the structures identified in the diagram below 12. For each of the following examples, indicate whether it is a chemical (C) or physical change (P) a. Salt dissolves in water b. an apple is cut c. carbohydrates are digested by enzymes in the saliva d. alcohol evaporates e. iron rusts f. a plant photosynthesizes g. a tire is inflated h. paper towel absorbs water i. mitochondria uses oxygen to breakdown sugar in cellular respiration j. teeth chew food A 13. Which of the following waves has the highest frequency? Which of the following waves has the longest wavelength? B 5

6 14. Label the parts of the diagram below and then indicate whether each is oxygenated or deoxygenated blood Oxygenated Blood Deoxygenated Blood Both 6

7 15. Place the following processes in the correct box for the corresponding organ of the digestive tract. Ingestion Breaking down of protein by gastric juices Breaking down of starch by saliva Absorption of most nutrients Absorption of water Release of bile to emulsify fats Movement of food by peristalsis Breakdown of proteins by Churning and mixing of into stomach intestinal juices food Breakdown of fats by intestinal Mastication and Movement of food into juices deglutination small intestine by peristalsis Breakdown of carbohydrates by intestinal juices Movement of waste into rectum Organ Mechanical Processes Chemical Processes Mouth and pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine 7

8 16. Label the parts of the ear indicated below 17. Write the names of the parts of the excretory system as indicated. (b (in 8

9 18. Indicate the function of the following tissues: Adipose tissue: Blood: Bone: Cartilage: Connective tissue: Epithelial: Ligament: Nerve: Skeletal muscle: _ Smooth muscle: _ Synovial fluid: Tendon: _ 19. True or False a. The intestine is covered in skeletal muscle b. Meiosis is the type of cell division used for tissue repair c. During mitosis, 2 identical daughter cells are produced d. Bone marrow is where blood cells are stored e. The aorta contains oxygenated blood f. Myopia is the scientific name for someone who is nearsighted g. To correct the vision of someone with hyperopia they are given a lens that will move the focal point backwards past the retina h. A synthesis reaction is when on substance is broken down into two or more different substances i. A function of the red blood cells is to carry oxygen j. The function of the white blood cells is to help with blood clotting 9

10 20. Label the parts of the eye indicated below 21. If I use 25 grams of Nesquik powder to make 480 ml of chocolate milk. What is the concentration of my chocolate milk in g/l? 22. Ms. Mary was preparing some hydrochloric acid (HCl) for a lab. The bottle of acid she was using had a concentration of 100g/L. If she took 10ml of this original solution and added 190ml of water, what was the final concentration of the solution he prepared? 10

11 23. Jessy is having a party and decides to make Jell-O. If one pack of Jell-O has 170g and the Jell-O needs to have a concentration of 80g/L so that it sets properly, what will be the maximum volume of solution that Jessy can make with one pack of Jell-O? 24. If Ms. Sulik has 0.05L of a 50g/L solution of salt water and needs to dilute it to 2.5g/L. What is the final volume of solution she prepared? 25. Define the following mechanical functions: a. Guiding:_ b. Linking: c. Sealing: _ d. Lubricating: 11

12 26. Label the parts of the respiratory system indicated in the diagram below 27. In the following image, for each letter indicate the name of the muscle and whether it is contracting or relaxing. B D A: Muscle: Contract or relax? C B: Muscle: Contract or relax? C: Muscle: Contract or relax? A D: Muscle: Contract or relax? 12

13 Match each body part with its function. Organ Function 01. Heart a. Blood vessel that brings blood back to the heart. 02. Mouth 03. Ureters 04. Eye 05. Pharynx 06. Esophagus 07. Vein 08. Brain 09. Trachea b. Controls voluntary and involuntary movement, sensory interpretation, intelligence, emotion, balance, and coordination. c. Transport urine from kidneys to the bladder. d. Body part involved with chemoreception and gustatory stimuli. e. Spongy organs responsible for gas exchange between the body and outside world. f. Breaks down food with bile, pancreatic juice, and intestinal juice, while absorbing most of food s nutrients. g. Passage for urine to exit the body. h. Voluntary, striated muscle that attaches to bones. 10. Cardiac muscle i. Carries information between the body and brain, and functions in reflexes. 11. Skin j. Pump that drives the circulation of blood in the body. 12. Ear k. Solid organ that supports the body and functions in blood cell production. 13. Stomach l. Tube through which food enters the stomach. 14. Smooth muscle m. Involuntary muscle found lining systems such as the digestive system. 15. Bladder n. The body s largest organ, which picks up pressure, temperature and pain. 16. Artery o. Common passageway of the respiratory and digestive tracts that contains the epiglottis. 17. Urethra 18. Bronchi 19. Spinal cord 20. Small intestine 21. Skeletal muscle 22. Lungs p. Absorbs water and is home to most gut flora. q. Blood vessel that takes blood from the heart to other body parts. r. Churns food and mixes it with gastric juices. s. Body part that functions in balance as well as auditory perception. t. Stores urine until urination. u. Involuntary, striated muscle that is found exclusively in the heart. 23. Kidney 24. Large intestine v. Passage for air that is held open by cartilaginous rings and is parallel to the esophagus. w. Site where food is mechanically transformed and mixed with saliva. 25. Tongue 26. Bone x. Tubes that branch from the trachea and enter the lungs. y. Organ functioning in light perception and sight. z. Produces urine to get rid of waste and maintain balance in blood. 13

14 28. Label the diagram of an alveolus below with the following labels: capillary, alveolus, deoxygenated blood, oxygenated blood, red blood cell. Also, draw arrows representing the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules. 29. Label the following in the diagram below: red blood cell, white blood cell, platelet, plasma. Color each as they would appear on a stained microscope slide. 14

15 30. Examine the diagram to the right. Which method represents mitosis and which is meiosis. Explain your answers. Mitosis is because Meiosis is because 31. The particle model to the left is an example of a reaction. This means that: Examples of this reaction in the human body include: The particle model to the left is an example of a reaction. This means that: Examples of this reaction in the human body include: 15

16 Assume that the particles in the model to the left represent gas molecules. Which of the containers would be under greater pressure? Explain. Assume the above particles represent a gas. Is this a compressible or incompressible fluid? 32. Someone is trying to sell you a chunk of what appears to be gold. Being knowledgeable about minerals, you know that sometimes people mistake pyrite (fool s gold) for gold. Gold has a density of 19.3 g/ml while pyrite has a density of 5.01 g/ml. You conduct a test and determine that the object you have been shown has a mass of 9.65 kg and displaces 0.5 L of water. Is the material actually gold? 33. Which part of the brain is responsible for interpreting each of the following senses or activities? a. Hearing: b. Sight: c. Decision making: d. Balance: e. Breathing and heart rate: 16

17 34. Define the following characteristics of links: a. Direct: b. Indirect: c. Partial: d. Complete: e. Rigid: f. Flexible: g. Removeable: h. Non-Removeable: 35. How can you correct the vision of a person with myopia? 36. How can you correct the vision of a person with hypermetropia? 17

18 37. What is the difference between a synthesis and a decomposition reaction? 38. What are antagonistic pairs of muscles? Give an example. 39. Name the five mechanical constraints and provide their force symbol. Constraint Symbol 40. During experiments we need to set up different controls to help us understand our results. a. What is a positive control? b. What is a negative control? 18