JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: , Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014

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1 EFFECT OF VARYING DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS ON GROWTH, FEED CONVERSION EFFICIENCY (FCE) AND FEED CONVERSION RATIO (FCR) OF CATLA CATLA (HAM.) FRY ROOPMA GANDOTRA 1 DALBIR SINGH PARIHAR 2 MEENAKSHI KOUL 3 VAINI GUPTA 4 RITU KUMARI 5 1,2,3,4,5 M. Phil Research Scholar at P.G Dept of Zoology University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India 1.1 ABSTRACT The aim of present work was to investigate the effect of varying levels of on growth, feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of Catla catla fry. Five iso-caloric diets containing different levels of such as 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45% were prepared from both animal and plant sources in the pelleted form and was fed to the experimental fishes in 5% of body weight, for a period of 60 days. On the basis of weight gain, FCE and crude (CP) following trend emerged i.e. 40%>45%>35%>30%>25%. The results confirm the best level for optimum growth of Catla catla to be 40% but it is not significantly different from that achieved by 45% (p<0.01) diet. Specific growth rates were 0.157, 0.146, 0.106, and for 40%, 45%, 35%, 30% and 25% diet respectively. Food conversion efficiency (FCE) was lowest at 25%, (5.43) and it further increased with increasing levels up to 40% (11.9) but beyond this it again decreases i.e. at 45% (10.71). Food conversion ratio (FCR) was maximum at 25% (18.4) and it further decreased with increasing level minimum was present in 40% diet (8.36) beyond this it again increased 45% (9.44). KEYWORDS: Dietary Protein; Specific Growth Rate; Feed Conversion Ratio; Feed Conversion Efficiency; Catla Catla Fry. 1.2 INTRODUCTION Carps especially, Catla catla is the indigenous species of south Asia and dominate the natural waters as well as cultivated in public and private sector (Khan et.al., 2004; Hussian et.al., 2011; Khan et.al.,2012). Due to environment degradation of natural aquatic environment and increasing trend of semi intensive aquaculture practices with supplementary feed has been affected to the quality of fish flesh. Protein is the major dietary nutrient affecting performance of fish (Lovell, 1987). It provides essential and non essential amino acids which is necessary for muscle formation and in part provides energy for maintenance 28

2 (Yang et. al., 2002). It is also important to minimize the amount of used for energy, because is usually the most expensive major constituents in a diet. Insufficient as well as excess level of in feed is not desirable; the former results in poor growth, while later would be wasted by diverting for energy. On the other hand, the most crucial stage of larval development of fish is the first feeding stage of larvae when hatchlings start to feeding from yolk materials until absorb or external sources. Since it is transitional period and the levels vary according to the stages, the fishes require time to adapt to its new feeding habit. Mass mortality of fry often occurs at this stage due to failure of adoption. Hence, dietary level in fish feed needs to be optimized accurately for particular fish and its stages. Catla catla is suitable species for culture in India because it s remarkable growth performance within short period and minimum effort. Although fry of Catla catla are successfully reared with live feed, there are several unavoidable problems associated with natural live food organisms. Availability of live food organisms depends on environmental factors, as a result they have not been found round the year and their collection from natural habitat is laborious as well as time consuming. Artificial/supplementary diets could be alternative food for large scale operation. The present study was undertaken in the plastic tub to evaluate the growth performance parameters of fry fed with different content feeds (25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45%) prepared from different local feed ingredients (fish meal, rice bran, wheat bran, soyabean, mustard oil cake, vegetable waste). 1.3 Materials and methods Five iso-caloric diets containing different levels of such as 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45% were prepared in pellet form using fish meal, as a major source of as it is generally recognized that purified s, such as casein, are deficient with respect to certain amino acids and it is being expensive source for the average fish nutritionist in developing countries and this has led present investigator to formulate practical diets using cheaper locally available feed ingredients. Proportion (%) different ingredients used in the formulation diets are shown in Table 1. 29

3 Table 1 Proportion (%) of different ingredients used in formulated diets for fry. Diets 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Fish meal Rice bran Wheat bran Soya bean Mustard oil cake Vegetable waste Vitamin and mineral premix * Total % 30% 35% 40% 45% fish meal rice bran wheat bran soya bean mustard oil cake vegetable waste Fig 1. Proportion (%) of different ingredients used in formulated diets for fry a * Nutrition super forte (Rejuvenating combination of multivitamin and multi minerals, AROSOL chemicals PVT. Limited) Vitamin A 700,0001.U Vitamin D 3 140,0001.U Folic acid 100 mg Vitamin E 250 mg Niacin amide 100 mg Iron 1500 mg Iodine 325 mg Cobalt 150 mg Magnesium 6000 mg Manganese 1500 mg Zinc 3000 mg Selenium 10 mg Potassium 100 mg Sulphur 7.2gm Calcium 270 gm Phosphorous 130 gm Copper 1200 mg Fluorine 300 mg Proximate composition of the feed ingredients and experimental diets were determined in the laboratory using standard methods. The crude and lipid contents of feed ingredients were determined by Lowery method and Folch method. The ash content was determined by first igniting the sample and then heating it in the muffle furnace at 550 o C (±10 o C) for 6h (AOAC, 1995). Crude fibre was determined by acid and alkali digestion (Pearson, 1976). Nitrogen free extract which was considered as carbohydrate was calculated by difference method (Hasting, 1976). The calorific value of the feed was calculated in terms of KJ/g using 30

4 the energy value 9 Kcal/g for fat, 4 Kcal/g for carbohydrate (Hasting, 1976) and 5Kcal/g for (Smith,1975; Viola, 1977). Proximate composition of the experimental diets given in (Table 2). Table 2 :- Proximate composition of the experimental diets Diets Dry matter Crude Crude lipid Ash Nitrogen free extract Calorific content KJ/g 25% % % % % dry matter 60 crude 40 crude lipid 20 ash 0 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% nitrogen free extract calorific content KJ/g Fig 1:- Proximate composition of the experimental diets Catla catla fry weighing (0.200±0.009) were used for the experiment. The fry were collected from Govt. fish farm Gou mansha fish farm Jammu (J&K) in oxygen filled water bags. Before dividing the fish or conducting the experiment, they were acclimatized in the laboratory for about 2 weeks. During that period the fish were fed (rice bran and mustard oil cake 1:1). The experiment was conducted in labs conditions in 100 l plastic tubs under flow through system along with aerators. Catla catla fry were divided in five groups with 25 fish each. The fry were fed twice in a day at the rate 5% of the body weight during the period of 60 days and the fed quality was readjusted after every fifteen day sampling, based on the growth of fishes Sampling and growth measurement: The fishes from each tub were captured once in a fifteen days and were weighed individually and their growth was assessed by calculating following growth parameters. Percentage weight (% WG): It was calculated by using the formula: %WG = [(W f W i )/ W i ] x

5 Where W f is the final weight of the fish W i is the initial weight of the fish. Specific growth rate: The formula used for calculating SGR was: SGR = (In final weight In initial weight) x 100 No. of days of experiment Feed conversion ratio FCE (%): It was calculated by using the formula: FCE (%) = [(Gain in wet weight of fish / Feed Fed)] x 100 Feed conversion ratio (FCR): the FCR was calculated by using the formula: FCR = Feed fed / Gain in weight of fish Protein Efficiency ratio (PER): It was calculated using the formula PER = Increment in body weight (g) / Protein intake (g) Statistical analysis: A one way analysis (ANOVA) was conducted in each and every experiment, using the computer software Analyses it. 1.4 Results and Discussion: Table: 3- Initial, final weight, weight gain, SGR and FCE of Catla catla Treatments Parameters 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Initial weight 0.201± ± ± ± ±0.003 g/fish Final weight 0.230± ± ± ± ±0.002 g/fish Weight gain 0.029± ± ± ± ±0.002 g/fish Weight gain (%) 14.42± ± ± ± ±2.334 SGR 0.044± ± ± ± ±0.001 FCE 5.43± ± ± ± ±1.098 FCR 18.4± ± ± ± ± % 30% 35% 40% 45% initial weight final weight weight gain(%) SGR Fig 2:- Initial, final weight, weight gain and SGR of Catla catla 32

6 FCE FCR 0 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Fig 3: - Showing FCE and FCR of Catla catla The present study on relative growth performance of Catla catla at fry stage, in response to diets with varying levels of viz. 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45% for a period of 60 days shows that fish fry fed by 40% diet attained best growth, while 25% exhibited least growth. On the basis of net weight gain the following trend emerged: 40% > 45% > 35% > 30% > 25%. The average net weight gain of fry fed on different diets was 0.200±0.009 at 40, 45, 35, 30 and 25% respectively. (Table 3). However, there was insignificant difference (p>0.01) in net weight gain between 40% and 45% diets. During present investigation growth of fry was proportional to the dietary levels up to 40% beyond which it was not proportional i.e. percentage weight gain of fry increased with an increase in dietary levels up to 40% and thereafter the growth increment was insignificant (p>0.01).similar growth pattern has been reported for mrigal fry (Singh et al., 1987), walking cat fish fry, Clarias batrachus (Chuapoehuk, 1987) and for Heterobranchus (Jamabo and Alfred-Ockiya, 2008). During the present investigation the value of SGR was highest for fry fed with 40% and lowest for 25% dietary in fry 0.044, (Table 3). SGR increases with increasing dietary level up to 40% in fry and above optimum level SGR decreased. These results agree with findings of Mohanta et.al., 2008 and Ebrahimi and Ouraji 2010 who reported that SGR increased with increasing dietary level from 32% to 42%. Similarly, FCR obtained with different diet having levels of s, further in the present investigation the FCR decreased with increasing level although not significantly above 40% in fry. Similar to present results Ghazala et.al and Otchoumou et.al have reported that FCR values decreased with increasing levels. 33

7 In the present investigation, the Food Conversion Efficiency (FCE) was higher (11.9) in the fry with diet containing 40% level showing the best utilization of the diet and lowest for 25% dietary i.e Present observation further reveals that food conversion efficiency increased with increasing level in the diet up to 40% in fry and then decreased afterwards. In addition FCE of fish fed with varying levels of dietary indicated that optimum dietary requirement was 40% in fry. The present trend of FCE is similar to that reported for catfish, Mystus nemurus ( NG et.al. 2001) and Sawhney and Gandotra 2010 in Tor putitora. Thus the present results clearly indicate that present fish species i.e. Catla catla fry require level i.e. 40% or less than 45% when fed artificially, for better growth. It was interesting to find that weight gain; SGR, FCR and FCE were lowered if in feed was higher than the required level of 40% by the present fish species. 1.5 REFERENCES 1. Chuapoehuk, W Protein requirement of walking catfish (Clarias batrachus L.) fry. Aquaculture, 63, Folch J., Lees M., Stanley G.H.S A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226: Gbrahimi, G. and Ouraji, H., 2010:- Growth performance and body composition of kutum fingerlings, Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamenskii 1901), in response to dietary levels. Turk J Zool 2012; 36(4) Ghazala, R. A. B. Tabinda, B.A., and Yasar, A., 2011:- Growth response of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed isocaloric diets with variable levels. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 21(4): 2011, Page: Hasting, W.H., Fish nutrition and fish fed mixture. Proceedings of the FAO Technical Conference on Aquaculture, (FTCA'76), Kyoto, Japan, pp: Hussain SM, SA Rana, M Afzal and M Shahid, Efficacy of phytase supplementation on mineral digestibility in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed on corn gluten meal (30%) based diets. Pak J Agric Sci, 48: Jamabo, N.A. and Alfred-Ockiya, J.F Effects of dietary levels on the growth performance of Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffrey- Saint-Hillarie) fingerlings from Niger delta. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7(14): Khan, M. A., I. Ahmed and S. F. Abidi, Effect of ration size on growth, conversion efficiency and body composition of fingerlings mrigala Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). Aquacult. Nutr., 10: Khan, N., Qureshi, N.A., Nasir, M., Rasool, F.and Iqbal, K.J Effect of artificial diet and culture systems on sensory quality of fried fish flesh of Indian major carps. Pak J Zool, 43: Khan, N., Ashraf, M., Qureshi, N. A., Sarker, P.K., Vandenberg, G. W. and Rasool, F., 2012:- Effect of similar feeding regime on growth and body composition of Indian major carps (Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo rohita) under mono and polyculture. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(44), pp Lovell, R.T Nutrition and Feeding of Fish. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, USA, 260 pp. 12. Mohanta, K.N., Mohanty, S.N., Jena, J.K. and Sahu, N.P Protein requirement of silver barb, Puntius gonionotus fingerlings. Aquacult. Nutr. 14:

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