BETTER YOUR BONES UPDATE ON LATEST BONE HEALTH RESEARCH
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1 BETTER YOUR BONES UPDATE ON LATEST BONE HEALTH RESEARCH Taylor C. Wallace, PhD, CFS, FACN Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Food Nutrition Conference & Expo October 5 th, 2015
2 Disclosures Employment George Mason University Dr. Taylor Wallace Food & Nutrition Blog National Osteoporosis Foundation Consulting PepsiCo Travel supported by Sunsweet.
3
4 Today s Overview 1 Peak Bone Mass 2 Bone Loss in Adulthood 3 Research on Prunes 4 Future Directions
5 Bone A Living Tissue! Our bones are living tissue and constantly changing. From the moment of birth until young adulthood, bones are growing and strengthening million adults age 50+ currently have osteoporosis million have low bone mass. Nutrition and physical activity play a pivotal role in bone health throughout the lifespan. JBMR. 2014; 29(11):2520
6 2030 Predictions (Age 50+) JBMR. 2014; 29(11):2520
7 Significance of Osteoporosis 2,050,695 1,255, , ,240 Osteoporotic Fracture Heart Attack Stroke Breast Cancer National Osteoporosis Foundation. 2014
8 Prevention Begins Early! Optimization of lifestyle factors known to influence peak bone mass and strength is one strategy NOF has adopted to reduce the risk of osteoporosis or low bone mass. Lifestyle choices are attributed to 20-40% of adult peak bone mass.
9 Definition of Peak Bone Mass Peak Bone Mass: amount of bone gained by the time an adult stable skeletal state has been attained. Peak Bone Strength: the peak adult stable bone mass, density, microarchitecture, micro-repair mechanisms, and geometric properties that provide structural strength.
10 Why is Peak Bone Mass Important? Frequency of fractures in children as compared to young and middle-aged adults, reflecting the vulnerability of the growing skeleton. Prevention of fractures later in life. # / 100,000 y to 4 5 to 9 10 to to to to 29 Age (y)
11 Bone Mass Across the Lifespan 5% peak bone mass 25-50% hip fracture
12 Bone Health Across the Lifespan
13 NOF & ASN Scientific Statement Systematically reviews and grades lifestyle factors that may influence peak bone mass development based on available scientific evidence. Lack of evidence doesn t necessarily equal lack of benefit or vice versa. e.g. minimal data on smoking and alcohol consumption in children. A (Strong), B (Moderate), C (Limited), D (Inadequate) evidence available.
14 NOF & ASN Scientific Statement Lifestyle Factor Calcium Physical Activity Bone Mass & Density Vitamin D Dairy Physical Activity - Bone Structural Outcomes Fiber, Fruits & Vegetables Detriment of Caffeine & Cola Beverages, Detriment of Smoking Fat, Other Micronutrients, Infant Nutrition, Detriment of Alcohol Grade A A B B B C C D A (Strong), B (Moderate), C (Limited), D (Inadequate) evidence available. AJCN. 2015; (October ed.)
15 Prunes Clinical Trials
16 Prunes Clinical Trials Citation Population Outcomes Arjmandi et al Hooshmand et al Hooshmand et al Postmenopausal women (n=58) Postmenopausal women (n=160) Postmenopausal women (n=160) Biochemical markers of bone formation. BMD Biochemical markers of bone formation. BMD Biochemical markers of bone formation. J Women Health. 2002; 11(1):61. Brit J Nutr. 2011; 106:923. Brit J Nutr. 2014; 112:55.
17 Prunes Older Women Prunes Dried Apples Brit J Nutr. 2011; 106:923.
18 Prunes Older Women Prunes Dried Apples Brit J Nutr. 2014; 112:55.
19 Prunes Peak Bone Mass Rat study presented at the 2015 International Symposium on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis supports that prunes may positively impact peak bone mass development in a rodent model. A clinical study in adolescents would greatly help broaden recommendations about prunes and bone health. Halloran et al. INSAO (unpublished data)
20 Public Policy American s don t consume recommended servings of fruit. One serving of prunes (~5 prunes): 96 kcal A variety of essential nutrients, including potassium and fiber Other dietary bioactive compounds Prune consumption is safe and may show a significant benefit to bone health.
21 Future Endeavors NOF is interested in conducting a clinical trial in adolescent girls to see if prunes impact peak bone mass development. Future studies in men and younger adults will also be important for public health recommendations.
22 THANK YOU! Taylor C. Wallace, PhD, CFS, FACN
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