Protein. Protein Nutrition. Protein is Required to: Protein Terminology. Protein Terminology. Degradable Protein. Nutrition 1 - Protein 3/2/2016 1/7

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1 Protein Protein Nutrition Renaissance Fast Start Protein is Required to: 1. Enhance feed intake and energy use 2. Supply N to the rumen microbes Ammonia Amino acids Peptides 3. Supply amino acids for synthesis of Milk protein Tissue protein Enzymes, hormones etc. Protein Terminology Intake protein IP - What the cow eats Crude Protein CP - Calculated from Nitrogen content of feed Proteins are 16% N Multiply N content of feed by 6.2 (100/16) Soluble Protein SP - refers to breakdown in water or rumen fluid SIP Protein Terminology Degradable and Undegradable - refers to whether it breaks down in the rumen or not Degradable - Broken down in rumen DIP or RDP Undegradable protein is also referred to as bypass protein UIP or RUP Degradable Protein RDP is made-up of: Soluble Proteins NPN NH3 Amines/Amides Degradable Proteins Slow pools Fast pools 1/7

2 Dry Matter Intake Intake Bound Pregnancy Lactation Growth Maintenance Protein Med & slow Degradable UIP Escaped ME MP Absorbed DIP Estimate Of Amino Acid Profile Soluble DIP Sugar and Starch Bugs DP DE Fiber Bugs Sugar & Starch Carbohydrate Available Cell Wall Codes: DIP Degradable Intake Protein DE UIP DP ME MP Digestible Energy Undegradable Intake Protein Digestible Protein Metabolizable Energy Metabolizable (Absorbed) Protein Bound with Lignin METHANE MANURE Environment Temperature Wind Solar Humidity Insulation Carbohydrate Protein Fat Minerals Vitamins Fermentation Bugs Digestion Rates ph Passage Rates Glucose VFA Amino Acids Maintenance service functions transport processes protein, fat, nucleic acid turnover substrate cycling HEAT Growth protein & fat accretion Efficiency of Utilization Fatty Acids Minerals Vitamins Lactation milk components CARBON DIOXIDE Pregnancy fetal placenta CNCPS tab CP Monitor level, but focus on MP RUP based on rate of passage and digestion, Monitor, focus on MP LongChainFattyAcids 3.0% on low producing herds (60 lbs).00% on 100 lb groups EE = EtherExtract = fat 3 Met E & P tab Higher MP from bacteria indicates good rumen function, related to BactMP(%MP) on the CNCPS tab (target 0-% MP) Target Lact Ranges: Diet CP 16% to 19% - focus on MP RDP range 60 to 70% CP, 9. to 10.% of DM (at 4# DMI) Soluble Pro 30-37% Predicted MUN 10 to 16 (often overestimates actual by 1. to 2%) Two Proteins Available to Cattle True protein - AA s Non-protein nitrogen NPN Any form of available nitrogen Rumen microbes use both sources for the production of microbial protein Microbial protein supplies ~0% of cow s protein requirement Microbial protein is much higher quality protein than the feed components from which it was produced As a result you don't have to worry too much about the amino acid (AA) content of the diet or providing the essential AA in diet. 2/7

3 NPN Several forms Urea (281% protein), slow release forms Ammonia (liquid and dry) Other N compounds Nitrates, Amines, some Amides (haylages) Rumen has high urease activity Produces ammonia Only utilized by microbes not the cow Amino Acids Essential and Nonessential Nonessential - synthesized by body Essential Must come from diet 10 essential; Lysine, Meth, Arg, Isol, Hist, Not too concerned about nonessential AA s in ruminant diets because they are synthesized by rumen bugs. Essentials must be meet by bugs + diet Chemical Structure of Amino Acid Different Type of AA s Sulfur Containing Branched Chains Hext Amino Acids Monitor on Amino Acid tab for shortages and excesses Add other sources if needed CPM Protein Fractions PRO:A NPN SP RDP Fraction is broken into: PRO:B1 fast available rumen protein PRO:B2 slow available rumen protein PRO:B3 not rumen available, Digested in the small intestines = RUP PRO:C Unavailable/bound protein By heating, chemical rxn, particle size 3/7

4 Protein Terminology Microbial protein - refers to protein produced by the bugs in the rumen Calculated from the ration NSC and degradable protein available to the bugs If you have a balance of these two you maximize rumen microbial activity Proteins in Rumen Proteins hydrolyzed to AA s and peptides Protein degradability Not all RUP protein is equal % of dietary protein that is broken down Amino acids have one of two fates Incorporation into microbial protein Deamination to ammonia and VFA Important because some microbes need ammonia Wastes energy Rumen Ammonia Two Fates Used to form AA s and proteins Process needs carbon skeleton to form AA Carbon comes from sugar or VFA Energy needed Balance of N and CHO important Imbalance causes more ammonia to be absorbed, enter bloodstream/milk causes higher MUN s. Absorbed by rumen into blood Liver converts to urea Recycled or excreted in urine Conversions requires energy (bodyweight loss) AKA Urea Cost!!! Monitor Rumen ph If ph drops below 6.2 check pendf adequacy (over 22%) If the model ph prediction is below 6.2, it will predict lower microbial yield Met E & P Tab 1 Check that Pept & NH3 Bal and Pept Bal are as expected Monitor Urea Cost - < 0.4 or there is waste of protein, Poor N efficiency Peptides N containing short chains Broken-up Amino Acids Quickly digested by rumen bugs Some can be absorbed by Small intestines N source by other bugs Thought to be N source for Protozoa. To meet the protein needs of rumen bacteria, Pept 110% +/- 10, Pept & NH3 120+/ Met 2.1 +/-.2 Lys 6.8 +/_.2 Lys:Met 3 to 3.4 to 1 Target Lysine as high as possible, consider synthetic Methionine to lower the ratio, do this only as a final adjustment in well balanced high production rations, monitor costs and returns of milk and components to justify 4/7

5 Met E & P tab Higher MP from bacteria indicates good rumen function, related to BactMP(%MP) on the CNCPS tab (target 0-% MP) Target Lact Ranges: Diet CP 16% to 19% - focus on MP RDP range 60 to 70% CP, 9. to 10.% of DM (at 4# DMI) Soluble Pro 29-37% Predicted MUN 10 to 16 (often overestimates actual by 1. to 2%) Changing Microbial Yield from Ration to Ration Worksheet M&E Page Predictions from Microbial Yield Page Old NFC Bact Old FC Bact Old Total Bact New NFC Bac New FC Bac New Total Bact Differences Increase NFC Bact and no change in FC Bact = Increased Total Bact... Milk Up in 2-3 Days No change in NFC Bact and Increase FC Bact = Increase Total Bact.... Milk up in 2 3 weeks Decrease NFC Bact and Increase FC Bact = No change in Total Bact..Milk down 2 weeks then back to before Decrease NFC Bact and Increase FC Bact = Increase in Total Bact..Milk down 2 weeks then up higher Decreases in Total Bact will always result in lost Milk production Amino Acids Monitor on Amino Acid tab for shortages and excesses Add other sources if needed To meet the protein needs of rumen bacteria, Pept 110% +/- 10, Pept & NH3 120+/ Met 2.1 +/-.2 Lys 6.8 +/_.2 Lys:Met 3 to 3.4 to 1 Target Lysine as high as possible, consider synthetic Methionine to lower the ratio, do this only as a final adjustment in well balanced high production rations, monitor costs and returns of milk and components to justify Confusion over AA Ratios Balance AA 1 st Recommendations 3.2:1 Schwab Analysis at milk and tissue 2 nd Recommendation 3.0:1 Rulquin Worked on Idea Protein concept 3 rd Recommendation RUP Meth Degussa 2.9:1 Addesio 2:8:1 /7

6 Steve s Old Thoughts 60 lbs of Milk = 3.4:1 Ratio 70 lbs of Milk = 3.3:1 Ratio 80 lbs of Milk = 3.2:1 Ratio 90 lbs of Milk = 3.1:1 Ratio 100 lbs of Milk = 3.0:1 Ratio 110 lbs of Milk = 2.9:1 Ratio 120 lbs of Milk = 2.8:1 Ratio Balance on Grams of AA!! New AA chart in 201 CPM Toolbox. Grams based on milk and milk protein Few extra grams increases income. Enough Science Let s look at some diets!! 6/7

7 Use MUN s as Guideline Assume Avg = 10 mg/dl High RDP High SIP Low RDP Low SIP High fcho High fsugar Low fcho Low fsugar Ration Goals for SIP SIP 30 34% TARGET Urea Cost >0.30 Mcal NH3 9-12g 7/7