Topics to be Covered. Lactation Cow. Factors Which Influence DMI. Requirements

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1 Topics to be Covered Lactation Cow Renaissance Nutrition Staff Fast Start Module Oct 1) Requirements 2) Changing Requirements By Species Colored Breeds By Lactation Curve (DIM) By Lactation Number 3) Special Circumstances Pastures Seasonal Breeding 4) Balancing around Obstacles Requirements Factors Which Influence DMI DMI Forage NDF (pendf) Amino Acids RUP fcho Minerals Vitamins Water 17% 6% 10% 22% 45% Milk Feed BCS BW Env. Dr. D. Roseler- LOL Strive for Highly Digestible Forage Fiber Allows more pounds of Forage to be consumed Does not ferment to strong acids such as lactic Reduces the amount of starch needed to support a given level of milk production Improves rumen health and production Growing Conditions Affect Forage Quality + = increase - = decrease 0 = variable Higher More More Temp Water Nitrogen Yield Feed Value Fiber Lignin Digestibility NFC (starch)

2 Year to Year Forage Differences Ration Balancing Act In dry years less plant structural growth occurs and proportionately more NFC & digestibility Balance with additional digestible fiber In wet years it s opposite Add NFC (grain) and digestible fiber as needed Effective Fiber lower in energy limits intake economical yields saliva increases ph NFC (starchy grain) yields more energy more microbial CP produces strong acid Reduces Ketosis Cows never milk till after Thanksgiving Plan to have 60 to 90 day silage carryover - allow more fermentation and stability Rate of Fermentation Ruminal Feed Carbohydrate Fermentation Profile sugars oat> wheat> barley> corn> milo Steam Flake, HM, grinding Starches and pectin starches celluloses 2001 NRC Energy Calculations Energy = dndf + dcp + dnfc + dfat x2.25 NDF Digestibility greatly affects forage energy One unit increase in NDF digestibility (Allen) 1/3 # More Intake 1/2 # More Milk EAT Time after Feeding (h) NDFD Sample NRC 1989 vs. NRC 2001 A B CP ADF NDF NE l.66 NDFD NE l If you don t have Highly digestible fiber from forage Ohio Research Has Shown ---- Production of Milk and components was higher on Non Forage Fiber extended rations vs. only forage 21% NDF 16% NDF 11% NDF(cotton) DMI, #/d Milk, # Milk protein, # Butterfat, #

3 Effective NDF endf % NDF % of NDF Alfalfa hay Corn silage Wh Cotton Cotton Hulls Kung, Mid-Atlantic Dairy Letter Fall 1997 endf % NDF % of NDF Beet Pulp Wheat Midds Soyhulls Gr Corn 9 20 Rumen CHO/Protein Balance Good amino acid management begins with good CHO management in order to produce a high and consistent amount of AA from rumen microbes» Dr. W. Hoover Synchronizing Carbohydrate and Protein Release in the Rumen Fermentable carbohydrates Degradable protein Feed Crude Protein Liver Urine Recycled Milk Urea Recycled Ammonia VFA Carbohydrates Microbes Manure Excess Protein Microbial protein Volatile fatty acids Dr. C. Schwab - Univ. of New Hampshire Dr. M. B. Hall - Univ. of Florida Escape Feed Protein Production & Maintenance Absorbed Protein Sources of Protein Microbial protein (up to 70% of total protein needs) Undegraded (bypass) Body tissue reserves What Can be Done? By improving rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and efficiency of protein use, we can lower the total quantity of protein fed and decrease N excretion by 20-30% This helps the environment and can improve profitability for the producer 3

4 What Levels Are Being Fed Relative to Requirements? Maryland - - N was 8-17% > req t Texas - - P was about 30% > req t Wisconsin - - P was 17-40% > req t Why is P Being Overfed Safety factor in ration formulation Perception that added P improves reproduction Overfeeding protein using purchased supplements How Does P Excretion Change with Diet P Level? lbs What About Reproduction? Most studies use a small number of cows/treatment This makes it Most difficult to rigidly test the effect of ration P level on reproduction Dr. Larry Satter at the Dairy Forage Research Center summarized data from recent trials in the US, Germany and the Netherlands These trials were summarized by 2 ration P groupings P and Reproduction Ration P, % No. of cows Days 1 st Estrus Days 1 st Breed S/C Preg. Rate,% Days Open Relationship between Body Condition Loss During the 1st 5 Week Postpartum and Reproductive Performance Body Condition Loss < >1.0 No. Cows Prepartum BCS Days to 1 st Ovulation Days to 1 st Service st Service CR, % Services/Concept Percent Pregnant Butler and Smith JDS 72:767 4

5 Feed Additive Use Hoard s Dairyman 3/25/09 Survey results 133 US herds Average > 29,000 lbs. of milk Feed Additive Use - Additive % of East Herds % of All Herds Na bicarb Yeast By-Pass Fat ChelateMin B Vitamins Anionic salts Feed Cost Benchmarks Can Be Used? 3 possibilities include: Feed cost/cow/day not related to milk Feed cost/cwt. of milk not related to farm profitability IOFC - Best Dry matter efficiency (DME) MILK: DMI Drinking Water Consumption may increase up to 50% during severe heat stress to compensate for increased losses through sweating (+176%), panting (+54%), and urination (+26%). Hot, high producing cows may drink gals/day or more Free stalls: at least 2 waterers per pen and 3-4 of water per cow Waterer in each crossover Return alleys: 2 of water per cow per parlor turn Stage of Lactation will: Determine if energy: Is used for milk production Is used to rebuild body condition (preg cows) Impact DMI Production Diagnostic Benchmarks Diagnostic Benchmarks Peak (Summit) Milk (> lbs.) Milk production by DIM 1 40 DIM (start up phase) DIM (peak phase) 305 ME 150 Day Standardized Production Trends Persistency ( 92-93%) BST No BST Prot/Fat Ratio ( ) 5

6 Rating Reproduction Benchmarks Days Open Measure Days to 1 st Service (60 d VWP) Pregnancy Rate Excellent < >22 Acceptable Slight Problem Moderate Problem Severe Problem >145 >100 <12 Pregnancy Rate (PR) The Percentage of Cows Eligible for Breeding that Become Pregnant in a 21 Day Interval Heat Detection = X Conception Rate (% Heats Observed) (% Successful) Example: 40% X 40% = 16% PR SCC Benchmarks Parameter Goal SCC, RHA <200,000 SCC, single month <300,000 New Infection Rate/month <5% Clinical Cases <2% Mastitis Culling <10% SCC Benchmarks Parameter Parity Group Goal LS<5 1 st Lactation >90% 2 nd Lactation >85% 3+ Lactation >80% Herd >85% LS>6 1 st Lactation <2% 2 nd Lactation <4% 3+ Lactation <5% Herd <4% Changing for Color Breeds Set-up Milk Proteins, Body Weight Change DMI typically Jersey/Guensys eat a bit more Brown Swiss eat a bit less Ayshires eat more than predicted. May increase MP Balance to 102% Jerseys = watch Copper (20 ppm max) Changing For 1 st Calf Heifers Lower DMI!!!!! Lower BW on cow definition Will need higher energy densities Add fat (by-pass fats) Will need similar pendf values Remember milking and still growing 6

7 Pastures New pasture is: High in fcho (NDF, Sugar) Low in pendf Higher in fat content Causes lower BF% High in rate of passage Low in Soluble protein Pasture Diets Balance of fcho (low starch diets) Add some SBM for RDP Add some Urea for SP Maintain fiber content No added fat (rst beans) Steve s Pasture Diet 7 lbs fine Grn Corn 2 lbs Soyhulls ½ lbs SBM 1 oz Urea ¾ lb mineral/vitamins to balance Bicarb DCAD (+20 22) Seasonal Breeding Balance by following the Lactation Curve About 3 major diet changes over the year Watch BCS s!!! Balancing Around Obstacles No Blood No Urea No Fat at Mill No Dry Hay in Ration Max X lbs of Protein/day 2X Grain Feeding No Blood (animal prot) Add heat treated SBM s Add Rst Soybeans Add by-pass Lysine Aminoshur L Megamine L 7

8 No Urea Add other feeds high in Sol Protein Corn Gluten Feed Wheat Midds Raw Soybeans Feed more Haylage No Liquid Fat Add High Fat feed ingredints Rst Beans/raw beans Fuzzy Cottonseed Flax seed Use by-pass fats Megalac, EB, C16 Add fat to liquid molasses At mill or on farm No Dry Hay in Ration Balance 1% less fstarch Increase buffer (+0.1lbs) Add Yeast Watch sorting TMR Moisture 45 48% Even particle size Max X lbs/day of Supp Feed higher % Protein mix to get lbs protein 36% vs. 42% Supp Use High Protein Ingred: Urea, CGM, Blood Add other by-products at farm Soyhulls, CGF, Midds, Beet pulp, citrus pulp Feed higher haylage diets 2X Grain Feeding Lower fstarch 1% Max 12 lbs grain at a feeding Top dress bunk w/ 40 lb Base mix Grain Free choice bicarb and salt lower in diet. Add molasses Add yeast Avoid urea, Rumensin and animal proteins. 8