The Whole Truth About 100% Fruit Juice

Transcription

1 The Whole Truth About 100% Fruit Juice July 16, 2014

2 Our Speakers Mario Ferruzzi, PhD Sarah-Jane Bedwell, RD, LDN Welch s Health & Nutrition Advisory Panel

3 100% Fruit Juice Recommendations & Recent Research Mario G. Ferruzzi, PhD Department of Food Science Department of Nutrition Science Purdue University West Lafayette, IN

4 100% Fruit Juice in Dietary Guidance and Current Recommendations 2010 Dietary Guidelines Fruit Group Recommendation 2 to 4.5 servings or 1 to 2.5 cups of fruit per day, depending on age and level of physical activity. 1 2 cups per day are recommended for a typical diet of 2000 calories. 1 MyPlate Make most of your choices whole or cut-up fruit rather than juice, for the benefits dietary fiber provides. 1 What is 1 equivalent cup of fruit? A cup equivalent is the amount of food considered equivalent to 1 cup of cut-up fruit, such that the following are equal: ½ cup dried fruit 1 cup of 100% fruit juice Or 4 ounces 100% juice = ½ cup

5 100% Fruit Juice Drinkers Are More Likely to Meet Fruit Group Recommendations People Are Not Meeting Fruit Group Recommendations The average American consumes only 1 cup, or 50%, of the recommended fruit servings each day, including 100% fruit juice (FJ). 2 The percent of children and adolescents meeting fruit recommendations (based on whole fruit alone) decreases with age. 2 8% of 5-9 year olds 4% of year olds 100% Fruit Juice Helps Fill the Gap When 100% FJ is added to whole fruit intake, the proportion of adults meeting the recommended fruit servings doubles. 2 When 100% FJ is added to whole fruit intake, the proportion of children and adolescents meeting recommendations doubles, and triples for some age groups. 2 71% of Americans say 100% FJ is extremely or very important in helping their family get the fruit they need every day for a healthy diet. 3 5

6 Drinking 100% Fruit Juice is Associated with Improved Nutrient Intakes For every calorie, 100% fruit juice (FJ) packs more nutrition than many other beverage options. 100% FJ is a contributor to dietary intakes of potassium, a nutrient of concern, across all populations. Among children <2 years old, 100% FJ is a top 5 contributor to vitamin C and potassium, and a primary contributor to folate, magnesium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin. 4 Among 2-18 year olds, 100% FJ is a significant contributor to potassium (#2), vitamin D* (#5) and calcium* (#7), but not total energy (#17). 5 * From fortified 100% fruit juices 6

7 Drinking 100% Fruit Juice is Associated with Improved Nutrient Intakes Children and adults consuming 100% FJ are more likely to meet the EAR for vitamins A and C, folate, magnesium and potassium. 6,7 Analyses (including USDA modeling) conducted to test the impact of removing 100% FJ and replacing it with whole fruit found: 1,8 Significant decreases in vitamin C (-27%), folate (-51%) and potassium (-17%). * From fortified 100% fruit juices 7

8 Drinking 100% Fruit Juice is Associated with Improved Nutrient Intakes, including Fiber While fresh fruit contains more fiber per serving, drinking 100% fruit juice (FJ) does not negatively affect fiber intake. A NHANES analysis showed that fiber intake among 100% FJ drinkers was not lower than non-juice drinkers. 7 USDA modeling found that replacing 100% FJ with fresh fruit increased fiber by only onehalf gram (from 1.3g to 1.8g), while gaps in intake of nutrients of concern, such as potassium, increased significantly. 1,8 In fact, consumption of 100% FJ is positively associated with higher intakes of total fiber. 6,9 8

9 Drinking 100% Fruit Juice is Associated with Better Overall Diet Quality A NHANES analysis found that children who consume 100% fruit juice have a better overall diet quality. 10 9

10 100% Fruit Juice Delivers Benefits of Whole Fruit Like whole fruit, 100% fruit juice (FJ) contains important vitamins, minerals and plant nutrients, such as polyphenols. In some cases, drinking 100% FJ may actually provide more of these beneficial polyphenols than eating the fruit. Polyphenols are found in the thick skin and seeds of Concord grapes, but these are generally discarded when eating the whole fruit. 10

11 100% Fruit Juice Delivers Benefits of Whole Fruit Juice processing is a value-added step that aids in the extraction and preservation of Concord grapes and their nutritive qualities, including beneficial polyphenols. Concord grapes are crushed skin, seeds and all and heated to release polyphenols straight from the grape into the juice. Drinking 100% grape juice made with Concord grapes makes it easier to enjoy the benefits of these plant nutrients. 11

12 100% Fruit Juice Delivers Benefits of Whole Fruit, including Heart-Health Benefits of Concord Grapes Concord grapes have been shown to play a beneficial role in health, including heart health. Studies indicate Concord grapes may: Help support flexible arteries to promote healthy blood flow Have an anti-clotting effect similar to red wine Play a role in healthy blood pressure in certain populations More than a decade s worth of research indicates that, thanks to the Concord grape, 100% grape juice helps support a healthy heart

13 The Weight of the Evidence Indicates 100% Juice Intake is Not Associated with Overweight or Obesity Significant research suggests that moderate 100% fruit juice (FJ) consumption is not associated with overweight or obesity in healthy adults and children In one analysis of NHANES ( ), adults and children who consumed 100% grape juice, compared to those who did not, showed no differences in total energy intake, weight, BMI, or waist circumference. 22 Children also had lower intakes of added sugar

14 The Weight of the Evidence Indicates 100% Juice Intake is Not Associated with Overweight or Obesity A handful of studies has noted possible associations between juice consumption and overweight and obesity ; however: Some studies did not distinguish between 100% FJ and other fruit drinks Some research was done with a small, regional scope of subjects Excessive intakes of 100% FJ, as with most foods, could contribute to weight gain; intake of 100% FJ should be balanced with daily caloric intake and energy expenditure. 14

15 Research on the Role of 100% Fruit Juice on Satiety and Weight Management is Evolving Evidence is emerging to better understand the role of foods and beverages on satiety and weight management. Some research indicates beverages have less of an impact on satiety than eating solid foods yet other data suggest that, as with solid foods, the satiety response is dependent on a number of factors: volume consumed, proximity to other foods consumed and beverage composition One study found that drinking Concord grape juice was not associated with significant changes in appetite, weight or increased energy intake. 63 In fact, the group that drank Concord grape juice experienced a significant decrease in waist circumference. 15

16 100% Fruit Juice Contributes Only Natural Sugars, No Sugars Added 100% fruit juice contains NO added sugar and research is underway to understand the effect of polyphenols on glucose absorption and carbohydrate metabolism. Recent research suggests that polyphenols may positively impact glucose metabolism and homeostasis. 64 Strongest evidence is for impact of polyphenols on carbohydrate digestion and acute glucose absorption. 64 Implications for fruit sugar Certain polyphenol-containing foods may improve short-term glycemic control Science is very preliminary and much more research is needed in this area. Source: Hanhineva et al. Impact of Dietary Polyphenols on Carbohydrate Metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11,

17 The Role of 100% Fruit Juice in Health

18 Consumption and Perceptions of 100% Fruit Juice Consumer Omnibus Survey Objective Measure 100% fruit juice consumption behaviors, estimated proportion of total fruit servings and perceptions of 100% fruit juice Methodology Survey conducted among 2,130 U.S. adults aged 18+ via Toluna On-line Omnibus, which provided a sample of 1,838 adults that have purchased and consumed 100% fruit juice in the past 3 months Survey fielded from March 3-5, 2014 Margin of error is 2% on total sample and 2.2% on the sample of 100% fruit juice purchasers and consumers 18

19 People Are Drinking 100% Fruit Juice in Moderation, Following Dietary Guidance People Frequently Enjoy 100% Fruit Juice (FJ) 86% of adults have purchased or consumed 100% FJ at home in the past 3 months. 3 And They Are Drinking 100% Fruit Juice in Moderation Adult juice drinkers consume an average ounce glasses in a week (or slightly more than one 4-ounce serving/day). 3 Parents estimate their children consume an average ounce glasses per week (or one 4-ounce serving/day). 3 19

20 Adults and Children Enjoy 100% Fruit Juice As A Complement to Fresh Fruit 3 Q: Thinking about the fruit that you personally/your children consume in a week, on average what percentage of this fruit is from canned, frozen, fresh, 100% juice, or dried? Fresh 100% Fruit Juice Canned Frozen Dried Adult Juice Drinkers Juice Drinkers Who Are Parents 20

21 Consumers Believe 100% Fruit Juice is a Complement to Fresh Fruit The majority of consumers indicate that they understand 100% fruit juice (FJ) should be an adjunct to fresh (whole) fruit in the diet. 87% agree 100% FJ is a complement to fresh fruit that helps the family meet fruit group recommendations. 3 88% agree that, when trying to get fruit into their daily diets, they know that most of their family s fruit should come from fresh fruit. 3 21

22 Consumers Believe 100% Fruit Juice is a Complement to Fresh Fruit The majority of juice drinkers also understand that 100% fruit juice (FJ) should be consumed within a balanced diet that includes other healthy beverage options, such as water and low-fat milk. 90% agree that, along with water and low-fat milk, 100% FJ is a healthy beverage option. 3 If 100% FJ were not available for purchase, a majority would purchase milk (54%) and/or bottled water (60%) instead. 3 22

23 100% Fruit Juice Plays An Important Role in Supporting Families Lifestyles 100% fruit juice (FJ) is important to families for many reasons: Convenient: 81% agree that 100% FJ is a more convenient way for the family to get fruit every day. 3 Affordable: 75% agree that given a limited food budget, 100% FJ helps provide the servings of fruit the family needs to support health. 3 Variety: 90% of Americans agree that 100% FJ helps add variety to the family s diet. 3 23

24 Sip Sensibly

25 How Much 100% Juice in a Serving? Key Message: Just 4 ounces of 100% fruit juice counts as ½ cup of fruit 25

26 100% Juice is Recommended Alongside Water and Milk in Dietary Guidelines water or other calorie-free beverages, along with fat-free or low-fat milk and 100% fruit juice, are recommended to meet total water needs. 26

27 Learn Your Labels

28 How to Look for 100% Fruit Juice Key Message: Unlike sugarsweetened beverages, 100% fruit juice has no added sugar. 100% fruit juice provides nutrition squeezed from whole fruit without added sugars. 28

29 How to Look for 100% Fruit Juice 29

30 How 100% Juice May Look on the New Nutrition Facts Label 30

31 Not Just a Healthful Beverage

32 Many Ways to Squeeze in More Fruit Get Creative in the Kitchen! Juice Up Your Grains Make a Mocktail Freeze Your Fruit Add a Splash to Your Salad Sub Juice for Wine in Recipes 32

33 Many Ways to Squeeze in More Fruit 33

34 Many Ways to Squeeze in More Fruit Include the Kids! Get them involved Make kid-friendly treats, like ice pops Freeze juice ice cubes in fun trays Serve juice with fun straws 34

35 For Recipe Ideas 35

36 Resources for You

37 Resources for You and Your Clients welchs.com and grapescience.com 37

38 For More Information Mario Ferruzzi, PhD Sarah-Jane Bedwell, RD, Casey Lewis, MS, 38

39 References 1. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, th Edition, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, December Roger VL, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation :e2-e Toluna On-Line Omnibus, on behalf of Welch s, March 3-5, Sample included 2,130 US adults, of which 1,838 adults had purchased or consumed 100% fruit juice in the past 3 months. Margin of error 2.2% on 100% fruit juice consumers sample. Sample also included 499 adults who state they benefit from food assistance programs. Margin of error 4.3% among consumers on food assistance. 4. Fox MK, et al. Sources of energy and nutrients in the diets of infants and toddlers. J Am Diet Assoc :S Keast DR, et al. Food sources of energy and nutrients among children in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Nutrients : O'Neil C, et al. 100% orange juice consumption is associated with better diet quality, improved nutrient adequacy, and no increased risk for overweight/obesity in children. Nutr Res : O'Neil C, et al. Fruit juice consumption is associated with improved nutrient adequacy in children and adolescents: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Public Health Nutr : Britten P, et al. MyPyramid food intake pattern modeling for the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. J Nutr Educ Behav :S Wang YC, et al. Increasing caloric contribution from sugar-sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juices among US children and adolescents, Pediatrics :e Nicklas T, et al. Association between 100% fruit juice consumption and nutrient intake, diet quality, and weight in children (2-18 yrs.): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) FASEB J vol. 28 no. 1 Supplement Albers AR, et al. The antiinflammatory effects of purple grape juice consumption in subjects with stable coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol (11):e

40 References 12. Anselm E, et al. Grape juice causes endothelium-dependent relaxation via a redox-sensitive Src- and Akt-dependent activation of enos. Cardiovasc Res (2): Chou EJ, et al. Effect of ingestion of purple grape juice on endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol (5): Fitzpatrick DF, et al. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxing activity of wine and other grape products. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (2):H774-H Freedman JE, et al. Select flavonoids and whole juice from purple grapes inhibit platelet function and enhance nitric oxide release. Circulation (23): Keevil JG, et al. Grape juice, but not orange juice or grapefruit juice, inhibits human platelet aggregation. J Nutr (1): O'Byrne DJ, et al. Comparison of the antioxidant effects of Concord grape juice flavonoids alpha-tocopherol on markers of oxidative stress in healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr (6): Stein JH, et al. Purple grape juice improves endothelial function and reduces the susceptibility of LDL cholesterol to oxidation in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation (10): Vinson JA, et al. Grape juice, but not orange juice, has in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo antioxidant properties. J Med Food (4): Park YK, et al. Concord grape juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in Korean hypertensive men: doubleblind, placebo controlled intervention trial. Biofactors (1-4): Nicklas TA, et al. Association between 100% juice consumption and nutrient intake and weight of children aged 2 to 11 years. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med : McGill CR, et al. Consumption of purple/blue produce is associated with increased nutrient intake and reduced risk for metabolic syndrome: results from NHANES, Am J Lifestyle Med (3): Skinner JD, et al. A longitudinal study of children's juice intake and growth: the juice controversy revisited. J Am Diet Assoc :

41 References 24. O'Connor TM, et al. Beverage intake among preschool children and its effect on weight status. Pediatrics :e1010-e Field AE, et al. Association between fruit and vegetable intake and change in body mass index among a large sample of children and adolescents in the United States. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord : O Neil CE, et al. A review of the relationship between 100% fruit juice consumption and weight in children and adolescents. Am J Lifestyle Med : LaRowe TL, et al. Beverage patterns, diet quality, and body mass index of US preschool and school-aged children. J Am Diet Assoc : O Neil CE, et al. Relationship between 100% juice consumption and nutrient intake and weight of adolescents. Am J Health Promot : Nelson JA, et al. Diet, activity, and overweight among preschool-age children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Prev Chronic Dis :A Striegel-Moore RH, et al. Correlates of beverage intake in adolescent girls: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. J Pediatr (2): Johnson L, et al. Is sugar-sweetened beverage consumption associated with increased fatness in children? Nutrition : Blum JW, et al. Beverage consumption patterns in elementary school aged children across a two-year period. J Am Coll Nutr : Vanselow MS, et al. Adolescent beverage habits and changes in weight over time: findings from Project EAT. Am J Clin Nutr (6): Wang Y, et al. Impact of orange juice consumption on macronutrient and energy intakes and body composition in the US population. Public Health Nutr : Ridda-Hasnain S, et al. Beverage intake in early childhood and change in body fat from preschool to adolescence. Child Obes (1):

42 References 36. Kloeblen-Tarver AS. Fruit juice consumption not related to growth among preschool-aged children enrolled in the WIC program. J Am Diet Assoc (9): Beck AL, et al. Association of beverage consumption with obesity in Mexican American children. Public Health Nutr (2): Alexy U, et al. Fruit juice consumption and the prevalence of obesity and short stature in German preschool children: results of the DONALD Study. Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometrical Longitudinally Designed. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr : Skinner JD, et al. Fruit juice intake is not related to children s growth. Pediatrics : Forshee RA, et al. Total beverage consumption and beverage choices among children and adolescents. Int J Food Sci Nutr : Berkey CS, et al. Sugar-added beverages and adolescent weight change. Obes Res : Newby PK, et al. Beverage consumption is not associated with changes in weight and body mass index among lowincome preschool children in North Dakota. J Am Diet Assoc : Mozaffarian D, et al. Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. NEJM : Faith MS, et al. Fruit juice intake predicts increased adiposity gain in children from low-income families: weight statusby environment interaction. Pediatrics (5): Dennison BA, et al. Excess fruit juice consumption by preschool-aged children is associated with short stature and obesity. Pediatrics : Dennison BA, et al. Children s growth parameters vary by type of fruit juice consumed. J Am Coll Nutr :

43 References 47. Libuda L, et al. Pattern of beverage consumption and long-term associations with body-weight status in German adolescents: results from the DONALD study. Br J Nutr (6): Sanigorski AM, et al. Association of key foods and beverages with obesity in Australian schoolchildren. Public Health Nutr (2): Welsh JA, et al. Overweight among low-income preschool children associated with the consumption of sweet drinks: Missouri, Pediatrics (2):e Melgar-Quinonez HR and Kaiser LL. Relationship of child-feeding practices to overweight in low-income Mexican- American preschool-aged children. J Am Diet Assoc : Pan A and Hu FB. Effects of carbohydrates on satiety: differences between liquid and solid food. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care (4): Flood-Obbagy JE and Rolls BJ. The effect of fruit in different forms on energy intake and satiety at a meal. Appetite (2): Mattes RD and Campbell WW. Effects of food form and timing of ingestion on appetite and energy intake in lean young adults and in young adults with obesity. J Am Diet Assoc (3): Mourao DM, et al. Effects of food form on appetite and energy intake in lean and obese young adults. Int J Obes (11): DiMeglio DP and Mattes RD. Liquid versus solid carbohydrate: effects on food intake and body weight. Int J Obes : Almiron-Roig E, et al. No difference in satiety or in subsequent energy intakes between a beverage and a solid food. Physiol Behav : Almiron-Roig E, et al. Liquid calories and the failure of satiety: how good is the evidence? Obes Rev :

44 References 58. Kissileff HR, et al. The satiating efficiency of foods. Physiol Behav : Rolls BJ, et al. Foods with different satiating effects in humans. Appetite : Rolls JB and Barnett RA. The Volumetrics Weight-Control Plan. 1st ed. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Almiron-Roig E and Drewnowski A. Hunger, thirst, and energy intakes following consumption of caloric beverages. Physiol Behav : DellaValle DM, et al. Does the consumption of caloric and non-caloric beverages with a meal affect energy intake? Appetite : Hollis JH, et al. Effects of Concord grape juice on appetite, diet, body weight, lipid profile, and antioxidant status of adults. J Am Coll Nutr (5): Hanhineva K, et al. Impact of dietary polyphenols on carbohydrate metabolism. Int J Mol Sci (4):

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