Application of BEls. rigid lines between safe and dangerous concentrations nor are they an index of toxicity.

Transcription

1 Application of BEls BEls' are intended as guidelines to be used in the evaluation of potential health hazards in the practice of occupational hygiene. BEls' do not indicate a sharp distinction between hazardous and nonhazardous exposures. For example, it is possible for an individual's determinant concentration to exceed the BEl- without incurring an Increased health risk. If measurements in specimens obtained from a worker on different occasions persistently exceed the BEl', the cause of the excessive value should be investigated and action taken to reduce the exposure. An investigation is also warranted if the majority of the measurements in specimens obtained from a group of workers at the same workplace and workshitt exceed the BEl'. It is desirable that relevant information on related operations in the workplace be recorded. Due to the variable nature of concentrations in biological specimens, dependence should not be placed on the results of one single specimen. Administrative action should not be normally based on a single isolated measurement, but on measurements of multiple sampling, or an analysis of a repeat specimen. It may be appropriate to remove the worker from exposure following a single high result if there is reason to believe that significant exposure may have occurred. Conversely, observations below the BEl' do not necessarily indicate a lack of health risk. BE Is apply to 8-hour exposures, 5 days per week. Although modified work schedules are sometimes used in various occupations, the BEl' Committee does not recommend that any adjustment or correction factor be applied to the BEls' (ie., the BEls' should be used as listed, regardless of the work schedule). Use of the BEl' should be applied by a knowledgeable occupational health professional. Toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic information is taken into account when establishing the BEl'; thus, some knowledge of the metabolism, distribution, accumulation, excretion, and effect(s) is helpful in using the BEl" effectively. The BEl' is a guideline for the control of potential health hazards to the worker and should not be used for other purposes. The values are inappropriate to use for the general population or for nonoccupational exposures. The BH' values are neither rigid lines between safe and dangerous concentrations nor are they an index of toxicity.

2 00 00 ADOPTED BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE DETERMINANTS Chemical [CAS #J Determinant Sampling Time BE,. Notation ACETONE [ J i Acetone in urine End 01 shift 50 nlg/l Ns ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITI NG PESTICIOES Cholinesterase activity in red blood cells Discretionary 70% of individual's baseline Ns I. * ANILINE [ [, (Total p-aminophenol in urine) (End of shift) (50 II1g/g creatinine) (Ns) (Methemoglobin in blood) (During or end of shift) (1.5% of hemoglobin) (B, Ns, Sq) ARSENIC, ELEMENTAL [ AND SOLUBLE INORGANIC COMPOUNDS Inorganic arsenic plus methylated metabolites in urine End Of workweek 35 "g Asil B BENZENE [ S-Phenylmercapturic acid in urine End of shift 25 "gig crealinine B t,t-muconic acid in urine End of shift 500 "gig creatinine B CADMIUM AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS Cadmium in urine Not critical 5 "gig creatinine B Cadmium in blood Not critical 5 "gil B

3 Chemical [CAS #1 Oeterminant Sampling Time BEl' Notalion CARBON OISULFIOE J 2-Thiolhiazolidine-4-carboxyllc acid (TICA) in urine End of shift ; 5 ml/g crealinine CARBON MONOXIDE J Carboxyhemoglobin in blood End of shift 3.5% of hemoglobin B, Ns Carbon monoxide in end-exhaled air End of shift 20 ppm B, Ns CHLOROBENZENE J TOlal4-chlorocalechol in urine End of shift 150 mglg crealinine Ns ~ <0 Tolal p-chlorophenol in urine End of shift 25 mglg crealinine Ns ; CHROMIUM (VI), Waler-Soluble Fume Total chromium in urine Increase during shift (10!,-glg crealinine) (B) Total chromium in urine End of shift al end of workweek (30!,-glg crealinine) (B) COBALT J Cobalt in urine End of shift al end of workweek 15 "gil B Coball in blood End of shift al end of workweek l!,-gll B,Sq N,N-OIMETHYLACETAMIOE J N-Melhylacelamide In unne End of shift al end of workweek 30 mglg creallnlne

4 Chemical [CAS #1 Determinant Sampling Time BEl' Notalion N,N-DIMETHYLFDRMAMIDE (DMF) [ J i N-Melhylformamide in urine End of shih 15 rj,gll N-Acetyl-S-(N-melhylcarbamoyl) cysleine in urine Prior 10 lasl shih of workweek 40 mgll Sq 2-ETHDXYETHANOL (EGEE) [ J and 2-ETHOXYETHYL ACETATE (EGEEA) [ J 2-Ethoxyacetic acid in urine End of shift al end of workweek I. 100 r'glg crealinine ETHYL BENZENE [ J <D Mandelic acid in urine End of shift al end of workweek 1.5 gig crealinine Ns 0 Elhyl benzene in end-exhaled air Sq FLUORIDES Fluorides in urine Priorto shift 3 mg/g crealinine B, Ns End Of shih 10 mglg crealinine B, Ns FURFURAL [ J Total furoic acid in urine End of shift 200 mglg crealinine B, Ns n-hexane [ J 2,S-Hexanedion A in urine End of shift al end of workweek 0.4 mg/l

5 Chemical [CAS ii] Determinant Sampling Time BEl Notalion LEAD [ ] [S.. Note below] Lead in blood MERCURY Total inorganic mercury in urine Total inorganic mercury in blood Not critical Preshift End of shift at end of workweek 30.,.gl1oo ml, I 35.,.glg creatinine 15.,.gIL B B ~ METHANOL [ ] Methanol in urine METHEMOGLOBIN INDUCERS Methemoglobin in blood 2-METHOXYETHANOL (EGME) [ ] and 2-METHOXYETHYL ACETATE (EGMEA) [ ] 2-Methoxyacetic acid in urine End of shift During or end of shift End of shift at end of workweek 15 mg/l, I 1.5% of hemoglobin B,Ns B, Ns, Sq Nq " METHYL n-butyl KETONE [ ] End of shift at end of workweek 2,5-Hexanedionft in urine 0.4 mgil Note: Women of child bearing potential. whose blood Ph exceeds g/dl, are at risk 01 delivt!nng a child with a blood Ph over the current Centers for Disease Control guideline of gldl lithe blood Pb of such children remains elevated. they may be at increased risk of cognitive deficits. The blood Pb of these children shoold be closely monllorl!d and appropriate steps should be taken to minimize the child's exposure to enwoflltlentallead (CDC: Preventmo lead POisoning in Young Children. October 1991; See BEl' and TtY"' Documentation for lead)

6 Chemical [CAS #] Determinant Sampling Time BE,. Notation METHYL CHLOROFORM ] Melhyl chloroform in end-exhaled air Prior 10 lasl shift of workweek Trichloroacetic acid in urine End of workweek 40~m 10 gil NS,Sq Tolal Irichloroelhanol in unne End of shift al end of workweek 30 mg/l NS,Sq Tolal Irichloroelhanol in blood End of shift al end of workweek 1 mg/l Ns 4,4'-METHYLENE BIS(2-CHLOROANllINE) I. IMBOCAlll Tolal MBOCA in urine End of shift Nq <0 N METHYL ETHYL KETONE (MEK) 17S MEK in urine End of shift 2 mg/l METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE (MIBK) 110S MIBK in urine End of shift 2 mg/l NITROBENZENE 19S Tolal p-nilrophenol in urine End of shift al end of workweek 5 mg/g crealinine Ns Melhemoglobin In blood End of shift 1.5% of hemoglobin B, Ns, Sq

7 Chemical [CAS #) Determinant Sampling Time BEl' Notalion PARATHION ( J Total p-nitrophenol in urine End of shift 0.5 mglg creatinine Ns Cholinesterase activity in red cells Discretionary 70%iof individual's baseline I B, Ns, Sq PENTACHLOROPHENOL (PCP) ( ] Total PCP in urine Prior to last shift of workweek 2 mglg creatinine B Free PCP in plasma End of shift 5 mgll B PHENOL ( ) Total phenol in urine End of shift!. 250 rglg creatinine B, Ns ID w STYRENE (1oo-42-5J Mandelic acid plus phenylglyoxylic acid in urine End of shift 400 mglg creatinine Ns Styrene in venous blood End of shift 0.2 mg/l Sq TETRACHLOROETHYLENE ( J Tetrachloroethylene in end-exhaled air Prior to last shift of workweek 5ppm Telrachloroethylene in blood Prior to last shift of workweek 0.5 mgll Trichloroacetic acid in urine End of shift at end of workweek 3.5 mgll NS, Sq TETRAHYDROFURAN ( ) Tetrahydrofuran in urine End Of shift 8 mg/l

8 "' A * Chemical [CAS ill Determinant Sampling Time BE,. Notation TOLUENE [ i a-cresol in urine End of shift 0.5,j,91L B Hippuric acid in urine End of shift 1.6 gig creatinine B,Ns Toluene in blood Prior to last shift of workweek 0.05 mgll * TRICHLOROETHYLENE [ I. Trichloroacetic acid in urine (End of workweek) (1 Oqmg/g creatinine) Ns (Trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol in urine) (End of shift at end of workweek) 1300 mglg creatinine) INs) (Free trichloroethanol in blood) (End of shift at end of workweek) (4 mg/l) INs) * Trichloroethylene in blood H Sq Trichloroethylene in end-exhaled air H Sq VANADIUM PENTOXIDE [ Vanadium in urine End of shift at end of workweek 50 flll/g creatinine Sq XYLENES [ (Technical Grade) Methylhippuric acids in urine End of shift 1.5 gig creatinine Without hydrolysis; metaoollte is specific to n-helqae and methyl n-butyl ketone