Genetic engineering and functional foods

Transcription

1 Genetic engineering and functional foods Symposium ALIMENTOS GENETICAMENTE MODIFICADOS 25 de Maio de 2006 São Paulo, Brasil Ralf Greiner Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Centre for Molecular Biology, Haid-und und-neu-strasse 9, Karlsruhe, Germany

2 Functional Foods foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition International Food Information Council

3 Functional Foods foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition International Food Information Council by by this this definition even tap tap water could be be called a functional food, f because a liberal intake of of water prevents cystitis, kidney and and bladder stones, and and possibly bladder cancer

4 Functional Foods foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition International Food Information Council foods in which the concentration of one or more ingredients have been manipulated or modified to enhance their contribution to a healthful diet Committee on Opportunities in the Nutrition and Food Sciences branded foods which claim explicitly or implicitly to improve health or well-being Nestlé

5 Functional Foods cholesterol reduction, body weight reduction & cardiovascular disease osteoporosis & child skeletal development cancer diabetes gastrointestinal tract disorders menopause immune system caries

6 Developments in crop gene technology Potential products Pharmaceuticals Specialty chemicals Quality traits Agronomic traits

7 Situation So Far Developments in crop gene Focus on improved farming "Thinking in crops" technology Potential products Crop Customer Specialty chemicals Pharmaceuticals Quality traits Agronomic traits

8 Situation Future Trend So Far Developments in crop gene Focus Focus on on improved improved processing farming "Thinking "Thinking applications" in crops" technology Potential products Crop Customer Customer needs Specialty chemicals Pharmaceuticals Quality traits Agronomic traits

9 Golden Rice / Provitamin A rice to combat vitamin A deficiency

10 Vitamin A deficiency impairs vision bone growth reproduction immune function gene expression embryonic development cell division and cell differentiation healthy respiratory and gastrointestinal systems

11 Golden Rice / Provitamin A rice to combat vitamin A deficiency the transgenic concept: introduce, under endosperm-specific specific regulation, all genes necessary to establish the biochemical pathway for β-carotene, the most effective precursor to vitamin A

12 Golden Rice / Provitamin A rice Provitamin A biosynthesis pathway geranylgeranyl-pp (GGPP) phytoene lycopene Phytoene synthase (psy) (daffodil) Phytoene desaturase (crtl) (Erwinia) Lycopene ß-cyclase (lcy) (daffodil) Funding: Rockefeller Foundation, Swiss Federal Institute Of Technology, European Community Biotech Program β-carotene = provitamin A

13 Golden Rice / Provitamin A rice I-SceI KpnI Gene Constructs I-SceI LB Gt1p psy nos! 35Sp tp crtl nos! RB kb phytoene phytoene synthase kb restriction enzymes: a) I-sce I, b) Kpn I. probe: psy phytoene desaturase lycopene 2.3 restriction enzymes: a) I-sce I, b) Kpn I. probe: crt I

14 Golden Rice / Provitamin A rice I-SceI Gene Constructs SpeI I-SceI LB 35S! aphiv 35Sp 35S! Icy Gt1p RB kb β-carotene restriction enzymes: a) I-sce I, b) Spe I. probe: cyc lycopene cyclase

15 Golden Rice / Provitamin A rice wild-type rice golden rice

16 Carotenoid profile of Golden Rice a β-carotene b β-carotene AU lutein β-cryptoxanthin α-carotene AU lutein β-cryptoxanthin α-carotene Minutes transgenic Minutes transgenic control (a) grains without cooking; (b) grains cooked in excess water Rai et al. (unpublished data)

17 Carotenoid profile of Golden Rice a β-carotene b β-carotene AU lutein β-cryptoxanthin α-carotene golden mustard provides ß-carotene in a in development locally familiar vegetable oil oil (TERI, India) Minutes AU lutein β-cryptoxanthin α-carotene golden mustard provides ß-carotene in a in development Minutes transgenic control (a) grains without cooking; (b) grains cooked in excess water Rai et al. (unpublished data)